Employment and unemployment

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In 1989, unemployed persons differed greatly from the unemployed in 1980. Not only were they older and better educated, but they were also more apt to be from Western Canada.

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From 1965 to 1987, in most of the seven major OECD countries, women increased their labour force participation. This and other changes over the past two decades are covered in this article.

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Are areas of high unemployment worse off in good times than in bad times? This study compares unemployment rates of the most and least prosperous areas during the various economic cycles over the past 25 years.

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As more women have joined the work force over the last twenty years, they have been entering traditionally male occupations. And to a lesser degree, men have been choosing careers in female-dominated occupations. This study looks at the extent of these moves into non-traditional occupations.

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In 1980, few people expected the depth of the 1981-1982 recessions or the strength of the subsequent recovery. Still, as we started the new decade, the unemployment rate stood at 7.5% and regional job disparities remained one of the most critical problems facing Canada. We offer a look back at the trends and fundamental changes that occurred in the labour market during the '80s.

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Many analysts see high technology industries as the way to a healthy and wealthy economy. This article reviews some of the concepts and definitions of high technology, selects one definition and examines the 1977 to 1986 employment and earnings dynamics in these industries.

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This study of 1982 graduates from Canadian universities and community colleges follows their fortunes in the labour market up to 1987. It compares the earnings of graduates in various disciplines and looks at their patterns of inter-provincial mobility.

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Calculating an unemployment rate based on unutilized hours offers a more complete measure of unemployment. It also results in a higher rate of unemployment. This study provides a look at what else this measure can tell us.

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In the average week of 1988, over a half a million people worked at two or more jobs. This study shows that some groups of workers - the young, the self-employed - are especially disposed to moonlighting. Family circumstances, hours of work and earnings between single and multiple jobholders are examined.

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There were nearly 400,000 disabled workers in Canada in 1986 - less than a third of working age Canadians with a disability. What are the characteristics of disabled workers? This study compares disabled workers with the non-disabled in the work force and with disabled persons outside of the work force.

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This interactive visualization application provides a comprehensive picture of the Canadian labour market using the most recent Labour Force Survey data available. The estimates are seasonally adjusted and available by province, sex, age group and industry. Historical estimates, going back 5 years, are also included for monthly employment changes and unemployment rates. The interactive application allows users to quickly and easily explore and personalize the information presented. Combine multiple provinces, sexes and age groups to create your own labour market domains of interest.

Description: This web application provides access to Statistics Canada’s Labour Market Indicators for Canada, by province and by census metropolitan area. This dynamic application allows users to view geographical rankings for each labour market indicator and to create quick and easy reports with interactive maps and charts that can be easily copied into other programs. All provincial and CMA estimates used in this application are seasonally adjusted, 3-month moving averages. Labour Force Survey data at the provincial level published each month in The Daily are seasonally adjusted monthly estimates.

Description: This web application provides access to Statistics Canada’s Labour Market Indicators for Canada, by province, territory and economic region (ER). This dynamic application allows users to view a snapshot of key labour market indicators, observe geographical rankings for each indicator using an interactive map and table, and easily copy data into other programs. The provincial and ER estimates used in this application from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) are three-month moving averages, unadjusted for seasonality. The provincial, territorial and ER estimates used in this application from the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey (JVWS) are quarterly data, unadjusted for seasonality. Historical estimates are available in this application, with data going back 10 years for the LFS and from the first quarter of 2016 for JVWS.

Description:

The Canadian Labour Market Observatory consists of interactive data visualization applications showcasing the vast amount of publicly available labour market information. The fully interactive applications allow Canadians to quickly and easily personalize the information in a way that is relevant to them and their interests.

Description: This public use microdata file (PUMF) contains non-aggregated data for a wide variety of variables collected from the Labour Force Survey (LFS). The LFS collects monthly information on the labour market activities of Canada's working age population. This product is for users who prefer to do their own analysis by focusing on specific subgroups in the population or by cross-classifying variables that are not in our catalogued products.

Monthly files are available back to 2006 and can be directly downloaded. For reference periods prior to 2006, files are available by request through Statistics Canada's Electronic File Transfer (EFT) service and date back to 1976.

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by sex and detailed age group, last 5 months.

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by sex and detailed age group. Data are presented for 24 months earlier, 12 months earlier and current month, as well as 24-month and year-over-year level change and percentage change.

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by educational attainment, sex and age group, last 5 months.

Description: Unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate by type of student during school months, sex and age group, last 5 months.

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and unemployment rate, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), sex and age group, last 5 months.

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This article uses data from the Labour Force Survey to examine trends in the labour market experiences of young men and women who are full-time students: younger students aged 15 to 17 years (of normal high school age) and older students aged 18 to 24 years old (a typical age for attending postsecondary institutions). The analysis also distinguishes between employment during the school year (September to April) and employment during the summer months.

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Using data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) this study examines the labour market experience of Canadians who hold a university diploma and who worked at least one month in a job requiring no more than a high school diploma between 1993 and 2001.

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This paper highlights the new Human Resource Module (HRM) of the Tourism Satellite Account developed by Statistics Canada. The HRM provides detailed information on employment related to tourism for the years 1997 to 2002. Information on wages and salaries, number of jobs and hours worked by occupation are included. Occupational data is further disaggregated by age, gender and immigration status. Seasonal patterns within tourism employment are also analyzed. This study provides a resource for training and planning for tourism.

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Over the last three years, low interest rates have spurred a surge in home construction, and strong world demand has stimulated natural resource industries. At the same time, a soaring loonie has created challenges for Canadian manufacturing. This article examines these three industries, looking at the labour market impact in the resource-rich western provinces and the large manufacturing base in central Canada.

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Trucking plays a major role in Canada's economy. But because of the sector's steady growth, an aging workforce, and the declining popularity of the occupation, the industry may soon face a shortage of qualified truckers. A recent overall picture of truck drivers based on various sources is presented.

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Employment equity and human rights legislation ensures access to the labour market for those with disabilities. Accommodating them in their job and in the workplace is an important part of the issue. A look at the types and severity of disabilities experienced by those aged 15 to 64 in the labour force, and a comparison of some of their characteristics with the non-disabled population.

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Using data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) this study examines the labour market outcomes of private college graduates. A comparison between 1993 and 2003 shows private colleges lost market share, mainly because women were less interested in secretarial sciences. In 2003, graduates from private business schools earned about the same as high school graduates annually. However, private college graduates showed a 7% higher probability of being employed compared to high school graduates.

Description:

Most of the new trends that began in 2001 intensified last year, notably the growth in natural resources and construction and losses in factories and the ICT sector. This shift also equalized job growth in urban and rural areas. Almost all job growth was for older workers, reflecting both their increasing share of the population and growing attachment to the labour force.

Description:

This paper contains regional and provincial findings from the second wave of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC). The LSIC was designed to study how newly arrived immigrants adjust over time to living in Canada.

This paper focuses on the issue of labour market integration for immigrants at the regional and provincial levels. Labour market integration is a critical aspect of the immigrant settlement process. For the major provinces and Census Metropolitan Areas, this paper addresses questions such as: how long does it take newly arrived immigrants to get their first job? How many of them find employment in their intended occupation? And what obstacles do they encounter when looking for work?

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After a period of decline from the late 1980s to mid-1990s, the youth employment rate (aged 15 to 24) rebounded between 1997 and 2004. Most of the jobs were in industries that traditionally hire large numbers of young people, including food services. The article documents the growth in youth employment by age, sex, industry and province.

Description: These reference guides are intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The guide provides an overview of the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) and the Registered Apprenticeship Information System (RAIS), the general methodology used to create longitudinal indicators, and important technical information for users.

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This paper introduces and explains modifications made to the Labour Force Survey estimates.

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This technical reference guide (updated to include the 2022 datasets) is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group and gender for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group and sex for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group and gender for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.

Description:

This publication provides a systematic classification structure to identify and categorize the entire range of occupational activity in Canada. Definitions and occupational titles are provided for each unit group. An alphabetical index of the occupational titles classified to the unit group level is also included.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group and sex for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.

Description:

This fact sheet offers a concise overview of updated—new or modified—content for the 2021 Census of Population that is specific to the theme of education, labour, commuting, and Veterans, which includes the following topics: education, labour market conditions, commuting to work, and Veteran and military service. The changes considered for these topics are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2021.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this release are derived from integrating the Registered Apprenticeship Information System (RAIS) 2008 to 2017 data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of indicators on educational pathways and labour market outcomes for registered apprentices by select trades, cohorts of apprentices, by sex, for Canada, all provinces, the Atlantic region, and for grouped territories.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group and sex for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.