Health

Description:

General population health surveys often include small samples of smokers. Few longitudinal studies specific to smoking have been carried out. We discuss development of the Ontario Tobacco Survey (OTS) which combines a rolling longitudinal, and repeated cross-sectional components. The OTS began in July 2005 using random selection and data-collection by telephones. Every 6 months, new samples of smokers and non-smokers provide data on smoking behaviours and attitudes. Smokers enter a panel study and are followed for changes in smoking influences and behaviour. The design is proving to be cost effective in meeting sample requirements for multiple research objectives.

Description:

When Chiang's "standard" method is used, calculating life expectancy for (small) census agglomerations in Canada can produce estimates whose confidence intervals are too wide to be useful. However, we have been able to show that by combining small area estimation methods and simulation methods, we can obtain narrower confidence intervals.

Description:

Immigrants have health advantages over native-born Canadians, but those advantages are threatened by specific risk situations. This study explores cardiovascular health outcomes in districts of Montréal classified by the proportion of immigrants in the population, using a principal component analysis. The first three components are immigration, degree of socio-economic disadvantage and degree of economic disadvantage. The incidence of myocardial infarction is lower in districts with large immigrant populations than in districts dominated by native-born Canadians. Mortality rates are associated with the degree of socio-economic disadvantage, while revascularization is associated with the proportion of seniors in the population.

Description:

The classification and identification of locations where persons report to be more or less healthy or have more or less social capital, within a specific area such as a health region, is tremendously helpful for understanding place and health associations. The objective of the proposed study is to classify and map areas within the Zone 6 Health Region (Figure 1) of Nova Scotia (Halifax Regional Municipality and Annapolis Valley regions) according to health status (Dimension 1) and social capital (Dimension 2). We abstracted responses to questions about self-reported health status, mental health, and social capital from the master files of the Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycles 1.1, 1.2 and 2.1), National Population Health Survey (Cycle 5), and the General Social Survey (Cycles 13, 14, 17, and 18). Responses were geocoded using the Statistics Canada Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF+) and imported into a geographical information system (GIS) so that the postal code associated with the response will be assigned to a latitude and longitude within the Nova Scotia Zone 6 health region. Kernel density estimators and additional spatial interpolators were used to develop statistically-smoothed surfaces of the distribution of respondent values for each question. The smoothing process eliminates the possibility of revealing individual respondent location and confidential Statistics Canada sampling frame information. Using responses from similar questions across multiple surveys improves the likelihood of detecting heterogeneity among the responses within the health region area, as well as the accuracy of the smoothed map classification.

Description:

Approaches used to select records for tabulation of national injury hospitalization data were identified. Three of the approaches were based on the principal diagnosis in the hospital separation record; the other three required that the record contain a code for an external cause of injury. Differences within these two main groups resulted in identification of six distinct approaches. Each approach was applied to the same set of hospital separation data. The numbers and types of injury records retrieved with the six approaches are compared and implications of the findings for injury surveillance are discussed.

Description:

Traditionally administrative hospital discharge databases have been mainly used for administrative purposes. Recently, health services researchers and population health researchers have been using the databases for a wide variety of studies; in particular health care outcomes. Tools, such as comorbidity indexes, have been developed to facilitate this analysis. Every time the coding system for diagnoses and procedures is revised or a new one is developed, these comorbidity indexes need to be updated. These updates are important in maintaining consistency when trends are examined over time.

Description:

Using survey and contact attempt history data collected with the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a multi-purpose health survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we set out to explore the impact of participant concerns/reluctance on data quality, as measured by rates of partially complete interviews and item nonresponse. Overall, results show that respondents from households where some type of concern or reluctance (e.g., "too busy," "not interested") was expressed produced higher rates of partially complete interviews and item nonresponse than respondents from households where concern/reluctance was not expressed. Differences by type of concern were also identified.

Description:

Accurate information about the timing of access to primary mental health care is critically important in order to identify potentially modifiable factors which could facilitate timely and on-going management of care. No "gold standard" measure of mental health care utilization exists, so it useful to know how strengths, gaps, and limitations in different data sources influence study results. This study compares two population-wide measures of primary mental health care utilization data: the Canadian Community Health Survey of Mental Health and Well-being (CCHS, cycle 1.2) and provincial health insurance records in the province of British Columbia. It explores four questions: (1) Is 12-month prevalence of contacts with general practitioners for mental heath issues the same regardless of whether survey data or administrative data are used? (2) What is the level of agreement between the survey data and administrative data for having had any contact with a general practitioner for mental heath issues during the 12 month period before the survey interview? (3) Is the level of agreement constant throughout the 12-month period or does it decline over more distant sub-timeframes within the 12-month period? (4) What kinds of respondent characteristics, including mental disorders, are associated with agreement or lack of agreement? The results of this study will provide useful information about how to use and interpret each measure of health care utilization. In addition, it will contribute to survey design research, and to research which aims to improve the methods for using administrative data for mental health services research.

Description:

National Food and Nutrition Surveys provide critical information to support the understanding the complex relationship between health and diet in the population. Many of these surveys use 24 hour recall methodology which collects at a detailed level all food and beverages consumed over a day. Often it is the longer term intake of foods and nutrients that is of interest and a number of techniques are available that allow estimation of population usual intakes. These techniques require that at least one repeat 24 hour recall be collected from at least a subset of the population in order to estimate the intra individual variability of intakes. Deciding on the number of individuals required to provide a repeat is an important step in the survey design that must recognize that too few repeat individuals compromises the ability to estimate usual intakes, but large numbers of repeats are costly and pose added burden to the respondents. This paper looks at the statistical issues related to the number of repeat individuals, assessing the impact of the number of repeaters on the stability and uncertainty in the estimate of intra individual variability and provides guidance on required number of repeat responders .

Description:

Growth curves are used by health professionals to determine whether the growth of a child or a foetus, for example, is within normal limits. The growth charts currently used in Canada for height, weight and body mass index (BMI) are based on US data. Child growth curves can now be generated from the latest available data in Canada. One way of estimating and drawing growth curves is the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method. The method has been used in various studies by the World Health Organization, the United Kingdom and the United States to generate reference growth curves for children. In this article, the LMS method is used to estimate growth curves in BMI percentiles from weighted cross-sectional data provided by cycle 2.2 of the Canadian Community Health Survey. This article is about the child BMI, one of the anthropometric measures most commonly used to assess growth and obesity.

Description:

This table contains 205632 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Canada; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Newfoundland and Labrador; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador ...) Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over; 12 to 14 years; 15 to 19 years; 12 to 19 years ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...) High blood pressure (4 items: Total population for the variable high blood pressure; With high blood pressure; Without high blood pressure; High blood pressure; not stated ...) Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 205632 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Canada; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Newfoundland and Labrador ...) Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over; 12 to 19 years; 15 to 19 years; 12 to 14 years ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...) Diabetes (4 items: Total population for the variable diabetes; Without diabetes; Diabetes; not stated; With diabetes ...) Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 205632 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Newfoundland and Labrador; Canada ...) Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over; 12 to 14 years; 15 to 19 years; 12 to 19 years ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...) Two-week disability days (4 items: Total population for the variable two-week disability days; 1 or more two-week disability days; Disability days; not stated; No two-week disability days ...) Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 205632 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2010-05-10. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Canada; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Newfoundland and Labrador; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador ...) Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over; 15 to 19 years; 12 to 14 years; 12 to 19 years ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Males; Females ...) Participation and activity limitation (4 items: Total population for the variable participation and activity limitation; Participation and activity limitation; No participation and activity limitation; Participation and activity limitation; not stated ...) Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 359856 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Canada; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Newfoundland and Labrador; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador ...) Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over; 12 to 19 years; 12 to 14 years; 15 to 19 years ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...) Type of smoker (7 items: Total population for the variable type of smoker; Daily smoker; Occasional smoker; Former smoker ...) Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 308448 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Canada; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Newfoundland and Labrador; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador ...) Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over; 12 to 14 years; 15 to 19 years; 12 to 19 years ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...) Leisure-time physical activity (6 items: Total population for the variable leisure-time physical activity; Leisure-time physically inactive; Leisure-time moderately physically active; Leisure-time physically active ...) Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 201960 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador ...) Age group (11 items: Total; 18 years and over; 18 to 34 years; 18 to 24 years; 25 to 34 years ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Males; Females ...) Life stress (5 items: Total population for the variable life stress; Life stress; quite a lot; Life stress; not at all; Life stress; some ...) Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 257040 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Canada; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Newfoundland and Labrador ...) Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over; 12 to 14 years; 15 to 19 years; 12 to 19 years ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Males; Females ...) Influenza immunization (5 items: Total population for the variable influenza immunization; Influenza immunization; less than one year ago; Influenza immunization; 1 or more years ago; Never had influenza immunization ...) Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 175392 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (94 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador ...) Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over; 15 to 19 years; 12 to 14 years; 12 to 19 years ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...) Fruit and vegetable consumption (6 items: Total population for the variable fruit and vegetable consumption; Consume fruits and vegetables 5 to 10 times per day; Consume fruits and vegetables more than 10 times per day; Consume fruits and vegetables less than 5 times per day ...) Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 359856 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador ...) Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over; 12 to 19 years; 12 to 14 years; 15 to 19 years ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Males; Females ...) Smoking initiation (7 items: Total population for the variable smoking initiation; Smoking initiation age (5 to 11 years); Smoking initiation age (12 to 14 years); Smoking initiation age (15 to 19 years) ...) Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description: Using data from the 2022 Canadian Social Survey Wave 6 (Well-being and caregiving), this study explores unpaid caregiving in the past 12 months for care-dependent groups (children under 15 years old or adults and youth over 15 years old with a long-term condition or disability). This paper explores: Who are the unpaid caregivers, including "sandwich" caregivers? How much unpaid care is provided and to whom? What are the impacts of this unpaid caregiving on well-being, especially the gendered differences?

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Growing Up in Québec is a longitudinal population survey that began in the spring of 2021 at the Institut de la statistique du Québec. Among the children targeted by this longitudinal follow-up, some will experience developmental difficulties at some point in their lives. Those same children often have characteristics associated with higher sample attrition (low-income family, parents with a low level of education). This article describes the two main challenges we encountered when trying to ensure sufficient representativeness of these children, in both the overall results and the subpopulation analyses.

Description: Respondents to typical household surveys tend to significantly underreport their potential use of food aid distributed by associations. This underreporting is most likely related to the social stigma felt by people experiencing great financial difficulty. As a result, survey estimates of the number of recipients of that aid are much lower than the direct counts from the associations. Those counts tend to overestimate due to double counting. Through its adapted protocol, the Enquête Aide alimentaire (EAA) collected in late 2021 in France at a sample of sites of food aid distribution associations, controls the biases that affect the other sources and determines to what extent this aid is used.

Description: As the importance of subjective well-being to health continues to garner increasing attention from researchers and policy makers, community belonging has emerged as a potential population health target that has been linked to several self-rated measures of health and well-being in Canada. This study assessed novel area-level community belonging measures derived using small area estimation and examined associations with individual-level measures of community belonging and self-rated health.

Description: Canada is experiencing rapid population aging, which has a wide range of implications, including an increased need for health care services. However, very few studies have examined use of specialized health care services (e.g., visits to medical specialists, non-emergency tests, and surgeries) among older Canadians. Using data from the 2019/2020 Canadian Health Survey on Seniors, this study examines the prevalence of specialized health care service use and evaluates the association of predisposing factors, enabling resources, and need-related factors with specialized health care service use in the past 12 months among Canadians aged 65 or older.

Description: The Quality of Life Framework includes indicators that are meaningful in measuring a person's happiness and well-being like life satisfaction, for instance. Using data from Wave 10 of the Canadian Social Survey (collected from July 14, 2023 to September 07, 2023), this infographic looks at levels of life satisfaction amongst the Canadian population aged 15 years and older in Canada's 10 provinces. Survey respondents were asked: "Using a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means 'Very dissatisfied' and 10 means 'Very satisfied,' how do you feel about your life as a whole right now?"

Description: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted several issues among health care workers in Canada’s long-term care and seniors’ (LTCS) homes, including labour shortages, staff retention difficulties, overcrowding, and precarious working conditions. There is currently a lack of information on the health, well-being, and working conditions of health care workers in LTCS homes—many of them immigrants—and a limited understanding of the relationship between them. Using data from the 2021 Survey on Health Care Workers’ Experiences During the Pandemic, this paper examines differences between immigrant and non-immigrant workers’ health outcomes and precarious working conditions during the pandemic.

Description: The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted routine and preventive dental services until precautions could be implemented to limit virus transmission. Access to services for dental emergencies was maintained. This study describes self-reported access to oral health care services in Canada during the first 12-month period of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the reported need for routine or emergency oral health care. It also compares the access to, and the unmet need for, dental services by various sociodemographic characteristics, including by province.

Description: This infographic examines where youth aged 15 to 17 in Canada typically get their sexual health information, using data from the Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth (CHSCY) 2019.

Description: Health regions are defined by the provinces and represent administrative areas or regions of interest to health authorities. This product contains correspondence files (linking health regions to latest Census geographic codes) and digital boundary files. User documentation provides an overview of health regions, sources, methods, limitations and product description (file format and layout).

In addition to the geographic files, this product also includes Census data (basic profile) for health regions.

Description:

This report deals with Indigenous identity, Indigenous ancestry, Indigenous group, Registered or Treaty Indian status, Membership in a First Nation or Indian band, Membership in a Métis organization or Settlement, and Enrollment under an Inuit land claims agreement, and contains explanations of concepts, data quality, historical comparability and comparability with other sources, as well as information on data collection, processing and dissemination.

Description:

Created in collaboration with the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), this user guide with appended data dictionary provides Canadians and researchers with required information to be able to utilize the Detailed preliminary information on confirmed cases of COVID-19 (Revised) table.

The user guide with appended data dictionary describes background information of COVID-19 as well as objectives, coverage, content, limitations and data quality concerns of the table.

Description: The Canadian Survey on Disability (CSD) is a national survey of Canadians aged 15 and over whose everyday activities are limited because of a long-term condition or health-related problem. The 2022 CSD Concepts and Methods Guide is designed to assist CSD data users by providing relevant information on survey content and concepts, sampling design, collection methods, data processing, data quality and product availability.

Description:

The Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation (CIMD) is an area-based index which uses Census of Population microdata to measure four key dimensions of deprivation at the dissemination area (DA)-level: residential instability, economic dependency, situational vulnerability and ethno-cultural composition. The CIMD allows for an understanding of inequalities in various measures of health and social well-being. While it is a geographically-based index of deprivation and marginalization, it can also be used as a proxy for an individual. The CIMD has the potential to be widely used by researchers on a variety of topics related to socio-economic research. Other uses for the index may include: policy planning and evaluation, or resource allocation.

Description: The Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation (CIMD) is an area-based index which uses Census of Population microdata to measure four key dimensions of deprivation at the dissemination area (DA)-level: residential instability, economic dependency, situational vulnerability and ethno-cultural composition.

The CIMD allows for an understanding of inequalities in various measures of health and social well-being. While it is a geographically-based index of deprivation and marginalization, it can also be used as a proxy for an individual. The CIMD has the potential to be widely used by researchers on a variety of topics related to socio-economic research. Other uses for the index may include: policy planning and evaluation, or resource allocation.

Description: This electronic publication presents the methodology underlying the production of the life tables for Canada, provinces and territories.

Description:

The User Guide for the Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation (CIMD) outlines uses for the index, as well as it provides a brief description of the methodology behind the development of the index. This User Guide also provides instructions on how to use the index, and lists considerations when using the CIMD data.

Description:

The mandate of the Analytical Studies Branch (ASB) is to provide high-quality, relevant and timely information on economic, health and social issues that are important to Canadians. The branch strategically makes use of expert knowledge and a large range of statistical sources to describe, draw inferences from, and make objective and scientifically supported deductions about the evolving nature of the Canadian economy and society. Research questions are addressed by applying leading-edge methods, including microsimulation and predictive analytics using a range of linked and integrated administrative and survey data. In supporting greater access to data, ASB linked data are made available to external researchers and policy makers to support evidence-based decision making. Research results are disseminated by the branch using a range of mediums (i.e., research papers, studies, infographics, videos, and blogs) to meet user needs. The branch also provides analytical support and training, feedback, and quality assurance to the wide range of programs within and outside Statistics Canada.

Description:

This paper describes the process that led to the creation of the new Disability Screening Questions (DSQ), jointly developped by Statistics Canada and Employment and Social Development Canada. The DSQ form a new module which can be put on general population surveys to allow comparisons of persons with and without a disability. The paper explains why there are two versions of the DSQ—a long and a short one—, the difference between the two, and how each version can be used.