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Description:

For a majority of farm families and operators in OECD countries, off-farm or non-farm occupations have become a significant source of income and a major determinant of their well-being. This study investigates the use of off-farm employment by the operator as a tool to reduce the variability of the total income of the farm operator. A two-part model is developed to estimate the impact of farm income risk on the decision to participate in the off-farm labour market and the level of off-farm employment income. Longitudinal farm operator level data for about 31,305 Canadian farm operators from 2001 to 2006 are used for this study. The variability of farm gross market revenue is found to positively affect the likelihood of off-farm work and the level of off-farm employment income, in particular for operators of large commercial farms. The ability of a significant number of operators of larger farms to increase their coping capacity through off-farm employment income suggests the presence of substantial interactions between off-farm income and farm income stabilization policies. Consequently, the focus of agricultural policies on risk management and income stabilization reinforces the linkages between rural and agricultural policies. In particular, it appears that policies designed to facilitate access to off-farm work or to enhance off-farm opportunities, such as rural development programs, could contribute to achieve some objectives underlying agricultural income stabilization programs. These results reinforce the need for coherent rural and agricultural policies, and reinforce the argument for place-based policy that augments the opportunities for all residents in a locality, not just those in a specific sector.

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This handy, easy-to-use reference guide to the Agriculture Division provides a complete list of all contacts plus detailed descriptions of all the services available including: custom services; publications; fax services; educational products; working papers; and electronic products and services.

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This article highlights the key agricultural events in 2008.

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Water is essential for crop production, whether it is provided by rain or irrigation. Although relatively few farms in Canada irrigate, this use of water can represent a significant portion of water use in some areas of the country. This article presents information on the use of irrigation in 2007.

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This bulletin is a summary of a larger working paper which contains more details on the theoretical framework, data and variable selection, estimation procedure, probability estimates and some mapping and simulation analysis (Alasia et Al. 2007).

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The largest farms, with annual revenue over $500,000, now account for the majority of agricultural production in the country. In this article, Canadian farms with revenue over $500,000 have been further subdivided.

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With growing consumer demand and increasing visibility, many organic food products in Canada are being showcased in grocery stores, natural food stores, farmers markets and in community-supported agriculture projects. For consumers the challenge is to know what organic really means. Is it the same as certified organic? How large is the market for organic food in Canada and what are farmers doing to address the demand? This article provides insight on this rapidly evolving organic food sector of agriculture in Canada.

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Water is an essential input for crop and animal production. This article, based on the study "Estimation of Water Use in Canadian Agriculture in 2001", maps agricultural water use across the country.

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This annual report provides supporting information to the main Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators report, which presents indicators for water quality, air quality and greenhouse gas emissions. This report provides contextual information on the human activities that have influenced the environmental indicators. Socio-economic information is divided into three broad categories: land, population and economy. Selected data from the Censuses of Population and Agriculture are also provided in the form of regional profiles for major drainage areas and sub-drainage areas of Canada. The indicators are intended to assist those in government responsible for developing policy and measuring performance, while also helping individual Canadians who want to know more about the trends in their environment.

The indicator reports from 2005 to 2007 can be found below. All later indicator reports can be found on Environment Canada's site: www.ec.gc.ca/indicateurs-indicators/.

More detail on some of the socio-economic information found in the Environment Canada indicator reports can be found here: National economic accounts: Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators

Description:

The series Farm Environmental Management in Canada presents key information on agri-environmental practices used on Canadian farms. The series includes several articles on themes such as manure storage, manure application, water management, chemical inputs use and sustainable land management practices. These analyses are supported by data from the 2001 Farm Environmental Management Survey (FEMS) and supplemented with information from the 2001 Census of Agriculture. FEMS is the only dedicated national source of information on a broad range of farming practices that impact on the environment.

The FEMS survey collects farm-level information on manure management practices, sustainable grazing systems, crop nutrient management, pesticides application practices, land and water management practices (including irrigation farming practices), and whole farm environmental management. It provides benchmark information for anyone with an interest in agri-environmental issues.

Description: This interactive web mapping application produces timely, quantitative and objective information on crop and pasture conditions at the census agricultural region, census division, census consolidated subdivision and township levels (counties in the United States). It includes colour images and maps, graphs and tables. It is updated on a weekly basis during the growing season and holds historical data since 1987 (1-km resolution version) or 2000 (250-metre resolution version).

This product uses low-resolution, digital satellite data to monitor the changing vegetation conditions over the whole agriculture area of Canada and the northern half of the United States.

Description: Canada at a Glance presents current statistics on Canadian society, including subjects such as the population, education, health, prices and the economy, among others. Updated yearly, this booklet is a very useful reference for those who want quick access to a current statistical portrait of Canada.

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This tool provides a statistical profile of farm and farm operator variables from the Census of Agriculture for a specific geographic location—or community—selected by users within the province/territory, census agriculture region (CAR), census division (CD) or census consolidated subdivision (CCS) levels of geography.

Description: This interactive data visualization tool uses maps and graphs to present person-level information related to the farm population by age and sex: marital status, mother tongue, country of birth and educational attainment.

The tool also provides information by farm type: country of birth, educational attainment and income of farm operators, as well as household income.

Data are available for Canada and provinces.

Note: The name of this product was changed on May 26, 2020 from ‘The Agriculture Stats Hub’ to ‘Socioeconomic overview of the farm population’.

Description: This product presents selected data from the linkage between the Census of Agriculture and the Census of Population at the national and provincial levels, every five years. It provides a socioeconomic profile of the farm population (i.e., operators and their families) at the person, family and household levels, and includes variables such as age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, country of birth, mother tongue, educational attainment and income.

Agriculture–Population Linkage databases have been created quinquennially since 1971, with the exception of 1976 and 2011.

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This first set of thematic maps, based on the 2016 Census of Agriculture data, present the following agricultural operation characteristics: farm type, operating arrangement, paid agricultural work, and financial characteristics.

Description: This Census of Agriculture product provides a comprehensive picture of the agriculture industry across Canada, every five years. It presents detailed farm and farm operator information at the Canada, Province/Territory, Census Agricultural Region (CAR), Census Division (CD) and Census Consolidated Subdivision (CCS) geographic levels.

Farm information includes variables such as farm numbers, farm type, crops, horticulture, greenhouses, mushrooms, maple taps, Christmas trees, land use, land tenure, inputs, manure, irrigation, tillage and seeding practices, land practices and features, livestock, poultry, bees, organic farming, farm capital, farm operating revenues and expenses, direct sales, agricultural paid workers, technologies, renewable energy production and farm succession plans.

Farm operator variables depict the men and women who make the management decisions on Canadian farms. They include number of farm operators, age, sex and average weekly time contribution to farm work and to other paid work.

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The 2014 article “Agriculture in Canada” gathers together a variety of statistics describing agriculture from the perspective of ecosystem goods and services.

The article addresses the ecological infrastructure supporting agricultural activity (Section 2), ecosystem goods and services from agriculture (Section 3), the main beneficiaries of these goods and services (Section 4) and the environmental impacts and management activities associated with agriculture (Section 5). Section 6 provides an example to illustrate how agricultural information can be integrated into a system of environmental accounts that follow international guidelines being developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Section 7 concludes with a short listing of areas requiring further research.

Description: This report details the methodology and results of the Farm Environmental Management Survey (FEMS).

The FEMS is conducted to gather information about farming practices on Canadian crop and livestock operations. The survey focuses on information related to manure storage and spreading, pesticide application, crop and nutrient management, grazing and the implementation of environmental farm plans.

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The publication is a joint initiative by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and Statistics Canada providing detailed financial information (assets, liabilities, revenues and expenditures data) on farms across Canada. The data are disaggregated by province, farm type and revenue class. This publication also includes data highlights, information on concepts, methods, data quality and the survey questionnaire.

Description: The gender pay gap is a longstanding issue that exists in various industries across Canada, including the agricultural sector. This article provides analysis on the gender pay gap among Canada’s farm operators over time and explores the gender pay gap in 2020 by geography, farm type, revenue class, level of education, field of study, racialized group and population centre.

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This infographic presents a portrait of Canada’s female farm operators. The data come from the 2021 Census of Agriculture.

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Portrait of Atlantic Canada farms whose main operator is French-speaking and of the change, between 2006 and 2016, in the social, economic, and linguistic profile of French-speaking workers active in Atlantic Canada’s agriculture and agri-food industries.

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Portrait of Quebec farms whose main operator is English-speaking and of the change, between 2006 and 2016, in the social, economic, and linguistic profile of English-speaking workers active in Quebec's agriculture and agri-food industries.

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Portrait of Ontario farms whose main operator is French-speaking and of the change, between 2006 and 2016, in the social, economic, and linguistic profile of French-speaking workers active in Ontario's agriculture and agri-food industries.

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This document provides a descriptive portrait of workers in the agricultural and agri-food sectors in the four Atlantic provinces (Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick) whose first official language spoken is French. It includes a socioeconomic and linguistic portrait of French-language workers in both the agricultural and agri-food sectors.

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This document provides a descriptive portrait of workers in the agricultural and agri-food sectors in Quebec whose first official language spoken is English. It includes a socioeconomic and linguistic portrait of English-language workers in both the agricultural and agri-food sectors.

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This document provides a descriptive portrait of workers in the agricultural and agri-food sectors in Ontario whose first official language spoken is French. It includes a socioeconomic and linguistic portrait of French-language workers in both the agricultural and agri-food sectors.

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This document provides a descriptive portrait of workers in the agricultural and agri-food sectors in the four Western Canada provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia) whose first official language spoken is French. It includes a socioeconomic and linguistic portrait of French-language workers in both the agricultural and agri-food sectors.

Description: Based on the data from the 2016 Census of Agriculture, this infographic gives an overview of gross farm receipts, operating expenses, and farm capital in Canada.

Description: Census of Agriculture data provide statistical information on farms and farm operators at fine geographic levels and for small subpopulations. Quality evaluation activities are essential to ensure that census data are reliable and that they meet user needs.

This report provides data quality information pertaining to the Census of Agriculture, such as sources of error, error detection, disclosure control methods, data quality indicators, response rates and collection rates.

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This handy, easy-to-use reference guide to the Agriculture Division provides a complete list of all contacts plus detailed descriptions of all the services available including: custom services; publications; fax services; educational products; working papers; and electronic products and services.

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This teacher's kit focuses on secondary school subject areas: family studies/home economics; geography; history; and science. The lessons are connected to curricula across Canada.

The publication contains short analytical articles and full-colour maps, photographs, charts and graphs on different aspects of Canada's agriculture industry. Written in plain language for students, the book uses Census of Agriculture and other data.

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This activity looks at changes in pig production and the factors behind them.

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This activity focuses on how water is used for irrigation, the benefits and risks associated with irrigation and the ways farmers manage their water use.

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This activity focusses on the term 'ecumene' and how it is used to define terminology related to mapping.

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This activity looks at the competition between agriculture and urban development for land around urban centres and the difficulties and advantages of farming close to urban areas. The pressure to build more housing in urban areas is strong, but such development takes some of Canada's best farmland out of production permanently. Should decisions on how this land is used be left solely to the market? Students will debate the issue.

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This activity looks at the competing interests and potential for conflict between very large livestock farms and their rural neighbours.

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This activity looks at all aspects of manure and manure management (often called nutrient management) from its value as a soil fertilizer to environmental concerns over mismanagement.

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This paper discusses in detail issues dealing with the technical aspects of designing and conducting surveys. It is intended for an audience of survey methodologists.

With the goal of obtaining a complete enumeration of the Canadian agricultural sector, the 2001 Census of Agriculture has been conducted using several collection methods. Challenges to the traditional drop-off and mail-back of paper questionnaires in a household-based enumeration have led to the adoption of supplemental methods using newer technologies to maintain the coverage and content of the census. Overall, this mixed-mode data collection process responds to the critical needs of the census programme at various points. This paper examines these data collection methods, several quality assessments, and the future challenges of obtaining a co-ordinated view of the methods' individual approaches to achieving data quality.