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All (49)

All (49) (0 to 10 of 49 results)

  • 1. Mapping Production Activity in Yukon: Experimental Indexes of Grid Square-based Gross Domestic Product
    Articles and reports: 11-633-X2023003
    Description: This paper spans the academic work and estimation strategies used in national statistics offices. It addresses the issue of producing fine, grid-level geography estimates for Canada by exploring the measurement of subprovincial and subterritorial gross domestic product using Yukon as a test case.
    Release date: 2023-12-15
  • 2. Neighbourhood characteristics of lower-income families in census metropolitan areas
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200400002
    Description:

    Statistics Canada continues develop and refine neighbourhood-level information to answer questions about where Canadians live and how this affects their lives. Based on a sample of almost 50,000 survey respondents, residing in 6,481 neighbourhoods, across 29 CMAs in Canada, this article compares the neighbourhood characteristics of individuals in the bottom 20% of the family income distribution with those in the other 80% of the income distribution. This focus is taken given the primary role that family income plays in shaping housing options and decisions, and the prospects that those in the bottom 20% are most constrained in this respect.

    Release date: 2022-04-28
  • 3. Neighbourhood Characteristics of Selected Population Groups of Interest
    Articles and reports: 11-633-X2022004
    Description:

    This paper examines whether individuals in population groups of interest—specifically individuals in low-income families, those in single-parent families, those with mood or anxiety disorders, those in designated visible minorities categories and immigrants—tend to reside in neighbourhoods with different characteristics. It does so by using a new, integrated dataset that incorporates neighbourhood measures from multiple sources with the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    Release date: 2022-04-01
  • 4. Neighbourhood characteristics and life satisfaction of individuals in lower-, middle-, and higher-income families in Canadian metropolitan areas
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100500006
    Description:

    While there are many studies that examine the relationships between neighbourhood characteristics and health outcomes, and between neighbourhood characteristics and neighbourhood satisfaction, the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and subjective well-being, particularly life satisfaction, has received much less attention. The objective of this study is to fill this gap in order to help inform neighbourhood-based policy aimed at increasing well-being that is receiving increased attention.

    Release date: 2021-05-26
  • 5. Neighbourhood, Dwelling and Apartment Building Income Mixing: Measures and Experimental Estimates Across Census Metropolitan Areas
    Articles and reports: 11-633-X2020001
    Description:

    This paper reviews alternative measures of income mixing within geographic units and applies them using geographically detailed income data derived from tax records. It highlights the characteristics of these measures, particularly their ease of interpretation and their suitability to decomposition across different levels of analysis, from neighbourhoods to individual apartment buildings. The discussion focuses on three measures: the dissimilarity index, the information theory index and the divergence index (D-index). Particular emphasis is placed on the D-index because it most effectively describes how income distributions at the sub-metropolitan level (e.g., neighbourhoods) differ from distributions at the metropolitan level (i.e., how much income sorting occurs across neighbourhoods). Furthermore, the D-index can consistently measure the contributions of income sorting within neighbourhoods (e.g., across individual apartment buildings) to the degree of income mixing at the neighbourhood and metropolitan scales.

    Release date: 2020-01-21
  • 6. Estimating the Effect of Changing Canada-US Border Costs on North American Trade Patterns and Expenditures: Detailed Methodology
    Articles and reports: 11-633-X2019004
    Description:

    This paper shows how to estimate the effect of the Canada-United States border on non-energy goods trade at a sub-provincial/state level using Statistics Canada’s Surface Transportation File (STF), augmented with United States domestic trade data. It uses a gravity model framework to compare cross-border to domestic trade flows among 201 Canadian and United States regions in year 2012. It shows that some 25 years after the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (the North American Free Trade Agreement’s predecessor) was ratified, the cost of trading goods across the border still amounts to a 30% tariff on bilateral trade between Canadian and United States regions. The paper also demonstrates how these estimates can be used along with general equilibrium Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (GEPPML) methods to describe the effect of changing border costs on North American trade patterns and regional welfare.

    Release date: 2019-09-24
  • 7. The Effect of Changing Canada–United States Border Costs on North American Trade Patterns and Expenditures
    Articles and reports: 11-626-X2019010
    Description:

    This article in the Economic Insights series examines the impact of the Canada–United States border and the potential effects of changing the trade costs it imposes between and within the two countries at a fine geographical scale. The analysis is based on a structural gravity model of trade estimated using Statistics Canada’s Surface Transportation File and the United States Census Bureau’s Commodity Flow Survey. The model estimates the general equilibrium effects that Canada–United States border costs have on trade patterns and welfare, which can be illustrated at a fine regional scale. Maps are used to depict how increases and decreases in border frictions affect not only Canada–United States trade, but also domestic trade flows. The maps show considerable regional variation in both types of trade when conditions at the border change.

    Release date: 2019-06-12
  • 8. Firm Networks, Borders and Regional Economic Integration Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019009
    Description:

    While the presence of provincial border effects—the relative weakness of inter-provincial trade compared to intra-provincial trade—is well established, it remains unclear what underlies them. Parsing out the sources of the border effect is important, because it provides policy makers with much more information on where to direct their efforts. This paper takes a step in this direction by asking whether part of the border effect can be attributed to how multi-unit firms organize their production within and across provincial borders. Networks of operating units controlled by the same enterprise lower the cost of trade by shipping goods between units as value is added through the production chain or via the use of common upstream and downstream supply chains. Higher costs of operating these networks in multiple provinces may act as a barrier to firm networks. By combining measures of regional trade and firm networks over a nine-year period (2004 to 2012), the study tests these propositions.

    Release date: 2019-04-02
  • 9. Going the Distance: Estimating the Effect of Provincial Borders on Trade when Geography Matters Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2017394
    Description:

    For many goods, such as dairy products and alcoholic beverages, the presence of substantial (non-tariff) barriers to provincial trade is widely recognized. If these non-tariff barriers matter, intraprovincial trade should be stronger than interprovincial trade, all else being equal. However, comparing intraprovincial and interprovincial trade levels is challenging, because intraprovincial trade is heavily skewed toward short-distance flows. When these are not properly taken into account by gravity-based trade models, intraprovincial trade levels—provincial border effects—tend to be overestimated.

    Release date: 2017-09-14
  • 10. Income from Owner-occupied Housing, 1969 to 2011: New Evidence from the Survey of Household Spending and the Survey of Financial Security Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-626-X2015054
    Description:

    This article in the Economic Insights series uses data from the latest cycles of the Survey of Household Spending and the Survey of Financial Security to examine trends in the implicit income derived from owner-occupied housing. Covering the 1969-to-2011 period, the article updates previous estimates of the returns to housing in order to assess the implications of the shifting economic environment of the late 2000s.

    Release date: 2015-12-10
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Stats in brief (0) (0 results)

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Articles and reports (49)

Articles and reports (49) (0 to 10 of 49 results)

  • 1. Mapping Production Activity in Yukon: Experimental Indexes of Grid Square-based Gross Domestic Product
    Articles and reports: 11-633-X2023003
    Description: This paper spans the academic work and estimation strategies used in national statistics offices. It addresses the issue of producing fine, grid-level geography estimates for Canada by exploring the measurement of subprovincial and subterritorial gross domestic product using Yukon as a test case.
    Release date: 2023-12-15
  • 2. Neighbourhood characteristics of lower-income families in census metropolitan areas
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200400002
    Description:

    Statistics Canada continues develop and refine neighbourhood-level information to answer questions about where Canadians live and how this affects their lives. Based on a sample of almost 50,000 survey respondents, residing in 6,481 neighbourhoods, across 29 CMAs in Canada, this article compares the neighbourhood characteristics of individuals in the bottom 20% of the family income distribution with those in the other 80% of the income distribution. This focus is taken given the primary role that family income plays in shaping housing options and decisions, and the prospects that those in the bottom 20% are most constrained in this respect.

    Release date: 2022-04-28
  • 3. Neighbourhood Characteristics of Selected Population Groups of Interest
    Articles and reports: 11-633-X2022004
    Description:

    This paper examines whether individuals in population groups of interest—specifically individuals in low-income families, those in single-parent families, those with mood or anxiety disorders, those in designated visible minorities categories and immigrants—tend to reside in neighbourhoods with different characteristics. It does so by using a new, integrated dataset that incorporates neighbourhood measures from multiple sources with the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    Release date: 2022-04-01
  • 4. Neighbourhood characteristics and life satisfaction of individuals in lower-, middle-, and higher-income families in Canadian metropolitan areas
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100500006
    Description:

    While there are many studies that examine the relationships between neighbourhood characteristics and health outcomes, and between neighbourhood characteristics and neighbourhood satisfaction, the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and subjective well-being, particularly life satisfaction, has received much less attention. The objective of this study is to fill this gap in order to help inform neighbourhood-based policy aimed at increasing well-being that is receiving increased attention.

    Release date: 2021-05-26
  • 5. Neighbourhood, Dwelling and Apartment Building Income Mixing: Measures and Experimental Estimates Across Census Metropolitan Areas
    Articles and reports: 11-633-X2020001
    Description:

    This paper reviews alternative measures of income mixing within geographic units and applies them using geographically detailed income data derived from tax records. It highlights the characteristics of these measures, particularly their ease of interpretation and their suitability to decomposition across different levels of analysis, from neighbourhoods to individual apartment buildings. The discussion focuses on three measures: the dissimilarity index, the information theory index and the divergence index (D-index). Particular emphasis is placed on the D-index because it most effectively describes how income distributions at the sub-metropolitan level (e.g., neighbourhoods) differ from distributions at the metropolitan level (i.e., how much income sorting occurs across neighbourhoods). Furthermore, the D-index can consistently measure the contributions of income sorting within neighbourhoods (e.g., across individual apartment buildings) to the degree of income mixing at the neighbourhood and metropolitan scales.

    Release date: 2020-01-21
  • 6. Estimating the Effect of Changing Canada-US Border Costs on North American Trade Patterns and Expenditures: Detailed Methodology
    Articles and reports: 11-633-X2019004
    Description:

    This paper shows how to estimate the effect of the Canada-United States border on non-energy goods trade at a sub-provincial/state level using Statistics Canada’s Surface Transportation File (STF), augmented with United States domestic trade data. It uses a gravity model framework to compare cross-border to domestic trade flows among 201 Canadian and United States regions in year 2012. It shows that some 25 years after the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (the North American Free Trade Agreement’s predecessor) was ratified, the cost of trading goods across the border still amounts to a 30% tariff on bilateral trade between Canadian and United States regions. The paper also demonstrates how these estimates can be used along with general equilibrium Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (GEPPML) methods to describe the effect of changing border costs on North American trade patterns and regional welfare.

    Release date: 2019-09-24
  • 7. The Effect of Changing Canada–United States Border Costs on North American Trade Patterns and Expenditures
    Articles and reports: 11-626-X2019010
    Description:

    This article in the Economic Insights series examines the impact of the Canada–United States border and the potential effects of changing the trade costs it imposes between and within the two countries at a fine geographical scale. The analysis is based on a structural gravity model of trade estimated using Statistics Canada’s Surface Transportation File and the United States Census Bureau’s Commodity Flow Survey. The model estimates the general equilibrium effects that Canada–United States border costs have on trade patterns and welfare, which can be illustrated at a fine regional scale. Maps are used to depict how increases and decreases in border frictions affect not only Canada–United States trade, but also domestic trade flows. The maps show considerable regional variation in both types of trade when conditions at the border change.

    Release date: 2019-06-12
  • 8. Firm Networks, Borders and Regional Economic Integration Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019009
    Description:

    While the presence of provincial border effects—the relative weakness of inter-provincial trade compared to intra-provincial trade—is well established, it remains unclear what underlies them. Parsing out the sources of the border effect is important, because it provides policy makers with much more information on where to direct their efforts. This paper takes a step in this direction by asking whether part of the border effect can be attributed to how multi-unit firms organize their production within and across provincial borders. Networks of operating units controlled by the same enterprise lower the cost of trade by shipping goods between units as value is added through the production chain or via the use of common upstream and downstream supply chains. Higher costs of operating these networks in multiple provinces may act as a barrier to firm networks. By combining measures of regional trade and firm networks over a nine-year period (2004 to 2012), the study tests these propositions.

    Release date: 2019-04-02
  • 9. Going the Distance: Estimating the Effect of Provincial Borders on Trade when Geography Matters Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2017394
    Description:

    For many goods, such as dairy products and alcoholic beverages, the presence of substantial (non-tariff) barriers to provincial trade is widely recognized. If these non-tariff barriers matter, intraprovincial trade should be stronger than interprovincial trade, all else being equal. However, comparing intraprovincial and interprovincial trade levels is challenging, because intraprovincial trade is heavily skewed toward short-distance flows. When these are not properly taken into account by gravity-based trade models, intraprovincial trade levels—provincial border effects—tend to be overestimated.

    Release date: 2017-09-14
  • 10. Income from Owner-occupied Housing, 1969 to 2011: New Evidence from the Survey of Household Spending and the Survey of Financial Security Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-626-X2015054
    Description:

    This article in the Economic Insights series uses data from the latest cycles of the Survey of Household Spending and the Survey of Financial Security to examine trends in the implicit income derived from owner-occupied housing. Covering the 1969-to-2011 period, the article updates previous estimates of the returns to housing in order to assess the implications of the shifting economic environment of the late 2000s.

    Release date: 2015-12-10
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