Analysis

Statistics Canada's Trust Centre

Results

All (110)

All (110) (0 to 10 of 110 results)

1. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys using design weights and auxiliary margins
Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100002
Description: Survey data typically have missing values due to unit and item nonresponse. Sometimes, survey organizations know the marginal distributions of certain categorical variables in the target population. As shown in previous work, survey organizations can leverage these distributions in multiple imputation for nonignorable unit nonresponse, generating imputations that result in plausible completed-data estimates for the variables with known margins. However, this prior work does not use the design weights for unit nonrespondents. We extend this previous work to utilize the design weights for all sampled units. We illustrate the approach using simulation studies.
Release date: 2026-06-29
2. The inverse-variance trap: A simple ratio fix for combining skewed data
Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100009
Description: Combining estimates from independent surveys via inverse-variance weights can lead to negative bias when unknown variances are estimated and the target variable is non-negative and positively skewed. In such cases, strong positive correlations typically arise between the estimators and their corresponding variance estimators, causing standard linear combinations with inverse-variance weights to exhibit negative bias. We introduce a strikingly simple method to reduce bias: replace the standard weight with the ratio of the estimator to the variance estimator. Under a linear model linking the two, we show that the new ratio-weighted estimator is approximately unbiased, whereas the conventional inverse-variance combination exhibits downward bias. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the new method brings both the bias and the mean squared error closer to the optimum for a wide range of different target variables. As our method uses only standardly reported summary statistics, it can be immediately adopted to reduce this widespread bias and improve the reliability of scientific findings in various fields.
Release date: 2026-06-29
3. Silent speakers of Indigenous languages in Canada: A socio-demographic and geographic analysis
Articles and reports: 41-20-00022026001
Description: This report draws on data from the 2021 Census of Population, alongside previous census cycles to clarify the characteristics of the “silent speakers” of Indigenous languages in Canada. This term refers to those who have an Indigenous mother tongue that they still understand but can no longer speak well enough to conduct a conversation. Silent speakers thus represent a valuable reservoir of cultural and linguistic knowledge. By examining census data across multiple years, this study aims to illuminate the demographic makeup, geographic distribution, and long-term trends of this pivotal group.
Release date: 2026-06-18
4. Canadian Active Living Environments 2.0: Development of an open-source pipeline for the replication and extension of the Canadian Active Living Environments measure
Articles and reports: 82-003-X202600600001
Description: The Canadian Active Living Environments (Can-ALE) project was developed in 2019 to provide a standardized, pan-Canadian indicator of how supportive neighbourhood built environments are for physical activity and active transportation, enabling comparisons across places and over time. Can-ALE 1.0 produced measures for the 2006 and 2016 census years, but it did not include 2011 or 2021. As well, the data and processing steps were not packaged in a fully reproducible format, limiting longitudinal analyses and replication. In this study, the original measure was replicated and extended by developing Can-ALE 2.0, an open-source, reproducible R-based workflow to generate Can-ALE metrics for the 2011, 2016, and 2021 census years.
Release date: 2026-06-17
5. Prevalence and correlates of self-reported fair or poor oral health in Canada
Articles and reports: 82-003-X202600400001
Description: Oral health (OH) is an important part of overall health and quality of life. OH conditions (e.g., mouth pain, tooth loss) are mostly preventable or treatable, and some subpopulations have worse OH than others. Self-reported data from the 2023/2024 Canadian Oral Health Survey were used in this study to estimate the prevalence of fair or poor OH among Canadian adults across other OH-related conditions, oral self-care practices, and sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations between reporting fair or poor OH, while controlling for other covariates.
Release date: 2026-04-15
6. Response mobility to Indigenous identification questions in Canada, 2016 to 2021
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202600200005
Description: Response mobility in the Indigenous population of Canada refers to responses changing between Indigenous and non-Indigenous identity categories from one census cycle to the next. This study uses linked data from the Census of Population to examine how response mobility affected the size and composition of the Indigenous identity population from 2016 to 2021, as well as how these changes varied by province or territory. The impacts of response mobility on demographic and socioeconomic trends of Indigenous peoples are also explored.
Release date: 2026-04-09
7. The Impact of Competition Intensity on Labour Productivity Growth in Canada
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2026002
Description: Canada’s weak productivity growth over the past two decades has raised concerns about the country’s long-term economic performance and has renewed interest in the role of competition policy and structural reforms. Although limited competition in several industries is frequently cited as a contributing factor, empirical evidence on the competition–productivity nexus in Canada remains relatively sparse. Building on the Department of Finance Canada’s internal studies, this paper re-examines the relationship between competition and labour productivity growth using more comprehensive data and multiple measures of competition.
Release date: 2026-03-30
8. Ecosystem spotlight—oceans
Articles and reports: 16-002-X202600100001
Description: This article presents data on the extent and condition of Canada’s ocean and coastal ecosystems, as well as the ecosystem services—also known as “nature’s contributions to people”—they provide. Building on earlier pilot accounts, this article offers new physical and monetary estimates of ocean ecosystem services. It also marks the release of experimental monetary valuations of selected ocean ecosystem services, such as commercially harvested wild fish and seafood, nature-based tourism, and blue carbon sequestration.
Release date: 2026-01-21
9. Positive mental health among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: Findings from three cycles of the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health
Journals and periodicals: 82-003-X202600100002
Description: Canadians’ positive mental health (PMH) decreased during the early and mid stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Less is known about whether PMH recovered as the pandemic transitioned away from being a global health emergency. The aim of the current study was to compare three PMH outcomes (high self-rated mental health, high community belonging, and mean life satisfaction) during the late stage of the pandemic (February to May 2023), with earlier stages early (early: September to December 2020; mid (February to May 2021), using data from the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health.
Release date: 2026-01-21
10. How oceans benefit Canadians
Stats in brief: 11-627-M2026002
Description: This infographic explores ocean and coastal ecosystems from a natural capital accounting perspective. It presents the extent of ocean and coastal areas, examines ocean condition through warming trends, and highlights ecosystem services such as fish and seafood harvests and the experimental monetary values of three selected ocean and coastal ecosystem services: commercial fishing, carbon sequestration, and nature-based tourism.
Release date: 2026-01-21

Stats in brief (11)

Stats in brief (11) (0 to 10 of 11 results)

1. How oceans benefit Canadians
Stats in brief: 11-627-M2026002
Description: This infographic explores ocean and coastal ecosystems from a natural capital accounting perspective. It presents the extent of ocean and coastal areas, examines ocean condition through warming trends, and highlights ecosystem services such as fish and seafood harvests and the experimental monetary values of three selected ocean and coastal ecosystem services: commercial fishing, carbon sequestration, and nature-based tourism.
Release date: 2026-01-21
2. Screens Replaced Play, and Our Bodies Noticed
Stats in brief: 45-20-00032025008
Description: Has Canada become a sedentary nation? Health data have never been more accessible. We have smart watches to count our steps, notifications about our screen times and apps to track our daily diets. Despite the futuristic tech, researchers are growing concerned. And they’re especially concerned about young Canadians. Today we sat down with Rachel Colley, a senior health researcher at StatCan for a deep dive into Canada’s obesity, physical activity and screen time trends. And the new data from the Canadian Health Measures survey may surprise you.
Release date: 2025-11-21
3. Migration of Indigenous people to and from First Nations reserves, 2016 to 2021
Stats in brief: 11-627-M2025050
Description: This infographic uses data from the 2016 and 2021 Census of Population to provide updated information about the movement of Indigenous people into and out of First Nations reserve communities, with a focus on selected demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.
Release date: 2025-10-29
4. How Canadian households spent their money in 2023
Stats in brief: 11-627-M2025026
Description: This infographic highlights some results from the 2023 Survey of Household Spending, such as how much Canadian households spent on various categories of goods and services and how it differed from 2021 and 2019.
Release date: 2025-05-21
5. Knowledge of Inuktut among Inuit in Nunavut
Stats in brief: 11-627-M2025034
Description: This infographic provides insights into the use of Inuktut among Inuit in Nunavut. It is based on data from the 2022 Indigenous Peoples Survey and includes key statistics on Inuktut use, such as exposure to the language and the importance of understanding Inuktut.
Release date: 2025-05-07
6. What Does it Take to End Homelessness?
Stats in brief: 45-20-00032025004
Description: What is it that helps someone transition from homeless to housed? We’re looking at new analysis of data from the Canadian Housing Survey to explore exactly that. In conversation with Peter Tilley, the CEO of the Ottawa Mission, and Jeff Randle, Chief of the Housing Need Project section at Statistics Canada, we’re asking why homelessness (and homelessness data!) is more complex than you might think, what factors most often led to regaining housing, and why housing can be challenging to maintain even after it’s been regained.
Release date: 2025-03-10
7. Changes in the health of Canadians and access to health care
Stats in brief: 11-627-M2025023
Description: This infographic highlights trends from the Health of Canadians annual report. It is based on data from the 2021 to 2023 Canadian Community Health Survey and the 2021 and 2022 Canadian Income Survey and includes key statistics on the health of Canadians, such as perceived health, and access to health care.
Release date: 2025-03-05
8. Unlock the Power of Data Linkage
Stats in brief: 89-20-00062024003
Description: This video is intended for professionals, policymakers, and researchers who are interested in understanding how data linkage can be used to gain deeper insights into various issues. It demonstrates how combining data from different sources can help address gaps in information, leading to better-informed policies and improved outcomes.
Release date: 2024-11-25
9. Family and household characteristics of 2SLGBTQ+ people in Canada
Stats in brief: 11-627-M2024046
Description: Using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2019 to 2021, this infographic provides information about 2SLGBTQ+ adults, relative to their non-2SLGBTQ+ counterparts. In particular, it compares the proportion of those who were married or living common law, and those who were parents living with children. It also examines the prevalence of living alone among 2SLGBTQ+ adults aged 65 and older.
Release date: 2024-10-23
10. Indigenous languages across Canada
Stats in brief: 98-200-X2021012
Description: This Census in Brief article focuses on First Nations people, Métis and Inuit who reported being able to conduct a conversation in an Indigenous language in the 2021 Census of Population. This article examines changes in the number of speakers by language and region. It also examines trends in mother tongue speakers of Indigenous languages and those who learned an Indigenous language as a second language.
Release date: 2023-03-29

Articles and reports (98)

Articles and reports (98) (0 to 10 of 98 results)

1. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys using design weights and auxiliary margins
Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100002
Description: Survey data typically have missing values due to unit and item nonresponse. Sometimes, survey organizations know the marginal distributions of certain categorical variables in the target population. As shown in previous work, survey organizations can leverage these distributions in multiple imputation for nonignorable unit nonresponse, generating imputations that result in plausible completed-data estimates for the variables with known margins. However, this prior work does not use the design weights for unit nonrespondents. We extend this previous work to utilize the design weights for all sampled units. We illustrate the approach using simulation studies.
Release date: 2026-06-29
2. The inverse-variance trap: A simple ratio fix for combining skewed data
Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100009
Description: Combining estimates from independent surveys via inverse-variance weights can lead to negative bias when unknown variances are estimated and the target variable is non-negative and positively skewed. In such cases, strong positive correlations typically arise between the estimators and their corresponding variance estimators, causing standard linear combinations with inverse-variance weights to exhibit negative bias. We introduce a strikingly simple method to reduce bias: replace the standard weight with the ratio of the estimator to the variance estimator. Under a linear model linking the two, we show that the new ratio-weighted estimator is approximately unbiased, whereas the conventional inverse-variance combination exhibits downward bias. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the new method brings both the bias and the mean squared error closer to the optimum for a wide range of different target variables. As our method uses only standardly reported summary statistics, it can be immediately adopted to reduce this widespread bias and improve the reliability of scientific findings in various fields.
Release date: 2026-06-29
3. Silent speakers of Indigenous languages in Canada: A socio-demographic and geographic analysis
Articles and reports: 41-20-00022026001
Description: This report draws on data from the 2021 Census of Population, alongside previous census cycles to clarify the characteristics of the “silent speakers” of Indigenous languages in Canada. This term refers to those who have an Indigenous mother tongue that they still understand but can no longer speak well enough to conduct a conversation. Silent speakers thus represent a valuable reservoir of cultural and linguistic knowledge. By examining census data across multiple years, this study aims to illuminate the demographic makeup, geographic distribution, and long-term trends of this pivotal group.
Release date: 2026-06-18
4. Canadian Active Living Environments 2.0: Development of an open-source pipeline for the replication and extension of the Canadian Active Living Environments measure
Articles and reports: 82-003-X202600600001
Description: The Canadian Active Living Environments (Can-ALE) project was developed in 2019 to provide a standardized, pan-Canadian indicator of how supportive neighbourhood built environments are for physical activity and active transportation, enabling comparisons across places and over time. Can-ALE 1.0 produced measures for the 2006 and 2016 census years, but it did not include 2011 or 2021. As well, the data and processing steps were not packaged in a fully reproducible format, limiting longitudinal analyses and replication. In this study, the original measure was replicated and extended by developing Can-ALE 2.0, an open-source, reproducible R-based workflow to generate Can-ALE metrics for the 2011, 2016, and 2021 census years.
Release date: 2026-06-17
5. Prevalence and correlates of self-reported fair or poor oral health in Canada
Articles and reports: 82-003-X202600400001
Description: Oral health (OH) is an important part of overall health and quality of life. OH conditions (e.g., mouth pain, tooth loss) are mostly preventable or treatable, and some subpopulations have worse OH than others. Self-reported data from the 2023/2024 Canadian Oral Health Survey were used in this study to estimate the prevalence of fair or poor OH among Canadian adults across other OH-related conditions, oral self-care practices, and sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations between reporting fair or poor OH, while controlling for other covariates.
Release date: 2026-04-15
6. Response mobility to Indigenous identification questions in Canada, 2016 to 2021
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202600200005
Description: Response mobility in the Indigenous population of Canada refers to responses changing between Indigenous and non-Indigenous identity categories from one census cycle to the next. This study uses linked data from the Census of Population to examine how response mobility affected the size and composition of the Indigenous identity population from 2016 to 2021, as well as how these changes varied by province or territory. The impacts of response mobility on demographic and socioeconomic trends of Indigenous peoples are also explored.
Release date: 2026-04-09
7. The Impact of Competition Intensity on Labour Productivity Growth in Canada
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2026002
Description: Canada’s weak productivity growth over the past two decades has raised concerns about the country’s long-term economic performance and has renewed interest in the role of competition policy and structural reforms. Although limited competition in several industries is frequently cited as a contributing factor, empirical evidence on the competition–productivity nexus in Canada remains relatively sparse. Building on the Department of Finance Canada’s internal studies, this paper re-examines the relationship between competition and labour productivity growth using more comprehensive data and multiple measures of competition.
Release date: 2026-03-30
8. Ecosystem spotlight—oceans
Articles and reports: 16-002-X202600100001
Description: This article presents data on the extent and condition of Canada’s ocean and coastal ecosystems, as well as the ecosystem services—also known as “nature’s contributions to people”—they provide. Building on earlier pilot accounts, this article offers new physical and monetary estimates of ocean ecosystem services. It also marks the release of experimental monetary valuations of selected ocean ecosystem services, such as commercially harvested wild fish and seafood, nature-based tourism, and blue carbon sequestration.
Release date: 2026-01-21
9. Socioeconomic outcomes of transgender and non-binary people in Canada
Articles and reports: 91F0015M2025001
Description: Based on data from the 2021 Census, this article uses age-standardized statistics to provide a sociodemographic portrait of the transgender and non-binary populations in Canada. It examines poverty rates and employment income of transgender men, transgender women and non-binary people, compared with cisgender men. It explores other characteristics such as education, work activity, occupation, housing, living arrangements, disability, Indigenous identity, and racialized/immigrant status.
Release date: 2025-10-16
10. Aging in the community: Factors associated with home adaptations and receipt of informal care, home care, and community support services among older Canadians
Articles and reports: 82-003-X202500700002
Description: Most older Canadians would prefer to stay in their own homes and communities rather than move to long-term care (LTC) facilities. A growing older population, limited LTC capacity, and costs have increased demand for initiatives that enable people to age in their communities for as long as possible. Using data from the 2019/2020 Canadian Health Survey on Seniors, this study examined the use of four types of supports and services—home adaptations, informal care, home care, and community support services—among community-dwelling Canadians aged 65 or older.
Release date: 2025-07-16

Journals and periodicals (1)

Journals and periodicals (1) ((1 result))

1. Positive mental health among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: Findings from three cycles of the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health
Journals and periodicals: 82-003-X202600100002
Description: Canadians’ positive mental health (PMH) decreased during the early and mid stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Less is known about whether PMH recovered as the pandemic transitioned away from being a global health emergency. The aim of the current study was to compare three PMH outcomes (high self-rated mental health, high community belonging, and mean life satisfaction) during the late stage of the pandemic (February to May 2023), with earlier stages early (early: September to December 2020; mid (February to May 2021), using data from the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health.
Release date: 2026-01-21

Date modified:: 2026-08-15

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