Migration of Indigenous people to and from First Nations reserves, 2016 to 2021

Release date: October 29, 2025
Infographic: Migration of Indigenous people to and from First Nations reserves, 2016 to 2021
Description: Migration of Indigenous people to and from First Nations reserves, 2016 to 2021

Indigenous people may decide to move to and away from First Nations communities for a variety of reasons, such as education, employment, family, and the connection to the community and home. Note 1

From 2016 to 2021, 29,000 Indigenous people moved to a First Nations reserve and 32,400 moved away from a reserve. This difference between in- and out-migration represents a relatively small proportion of the Indigenous population living on reserve (1.2%).

Difference in the number of Indigenous people 15 years and over who moved to a First Nations reserve and away from a reserve, 2016 to 2021 Table summary
The information is grouped by  Region (appearing as row headers), , calculated using (appearing as column headers).
 Region Difference
Atlantic provinces 0
Quebec -900
Ontario 0
Manitoba -100
Saskatchewan -1,300
Alberta -1,300
British Columbia +1,100
Northwest Territories 0
Canada -2,500

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Negative numbers indicate that more Indigenous people moved away from than to a First Nations reserve.

Positive numbers indicate that more Indigenous people moved to than away from a First Nations reserve.

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More Indigenous people aged 30 and over moved to a reserve than away from a reserve, while the opposite was true for Indigenous people under 30

Difference in the number of Indigenous people who moved to a First Nations reserve and away from a reserve, by age group, 2016 to 2021 Table summary
The information is grouped by Age group in 2016 (appearing as row headers), , calculated using (appearing as column headers).
Age group in 2016 Difference
0 to 14 years -1,000
15 to 29 years -3,500
30 to 59 years +600
60 years or over +300

More Indigenous people aged 15 and over with a higher education level moved to a reserve than away from a reserve

Difference in the number of Indigenous people 15 years and over who moved to a First Nations reserve and away from a reserve, by highest level of education, 2016 to 2021 Table summary
The information is grouped by Highest level of education (appearing as row headers), , calculated using (appearing as column headers).
Highest level of education Difference
No certificate, diploma or degree -3,900
High school diploma or equivalency certificate +300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree +1,100

Notes:

  • Figures in this infographic are rounded to the nearest hundred. Totals may not equal the sum of their parts due to rounding.
  • While this infographic includes the entire Indigenous population, most Indigenous people who live on or move to or from a reserve identify as First Nations.
  • Incompletely enumerated reserves and settlements as well as persons who were living in a collective dwelling in 2016 or 2021 are excluded from this infographic.

Sources: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census long form and 2021 Census short form data linkage, and 2016 Census short form and 2021 Census long form data linkage; First Nations Information Governance Centre, 2018, National Report of the First Nations Regional Health Survey Phase 3: Volume One.

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