Employment and unemployment

Description: Number of jobs generated through tourism activities in tourism related industries, by seasonal adjustment.

Description: This article provides information about population totals in the Labour Force Survey (LFS), including details on who is included in the survey target population, and a description of the methodology used to produce monthly population totals in the LFS. The note also provides guidance on how to interpret population statistics in the LFS, and discusses the extent to which the LFS can be used to examine disaggregated labour market indicators for new immigrants and non-permanent residents.

Description: This dashboard displays small area estimates of unemployment rate, employment rate and employment for census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations, and a complementary geography of small communities and rural areas called self-contained labour areas. The dashboard allows users to visually explore the estimates using an interactive map as well as time series charts and tables. Data are unadjusted for seasonality and updated monthly.

Description: This document briefly describes the small area estimation methodology developed to produce monthly estimates of employment and unemployment rate for census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations, and self-contained labour areas using data from the Labour Force Survey, Employment Insurance statistics and population projections.

Description: Small area estimates of unemployment rate, employment rate and number of employed persons for census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and self-contained labour areas. Data are unadjusted for seasonality and updated monthly.

Description: Historical releases of employment and average weekly earnings (including overtime) for all employees by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), last 5 months.

Description: Historical releases of employment and average weekly earnings (including overtime) for all employees by province, territory and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), last 5 months.

Description: Using data from the Labour Force Survey, this study assesses the degree to which employment and hourly wage rates of unpartnered mothers with young children have caught up to their partnered peers between 1997 and 2023. Focusing on mothers aged 18 to 49 with at least one child aged 5 or younger, the analysis examines differences between partnered (i.e., currently married or living common law) and unpartnered mothers, with disaggregation by unpartnered mothers who have never been married and those who were previously married. The study also examines employment and wage gaps by various diverse groups, such as the experiences of immigrant mothers, as well as Indigenous mothers.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This infographic uses data from the Labour Force Survey to look at trends in employment and wage among mothers with young children (age 5 and under). Special attention is paid to differences based on partnership status of mothers.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by economic region, last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of employees by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), province and economic region, last 5 months.

Description: Labour force characteristic estimates by age group, sex, family age composition, province, and family type, last 5 months.

Description: Labour force characteristic estimates by detailed Indigenous group, region, age group, and sex.

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment), and unemployment rate, by National Occupational Classification (NOC) and sex, last 5 months.

Description: Number of multiple jobholders by National Occupational Classification (NOC), sex and age group, last 5 months.

Description: Number of employees by census metropolitan areas and National Occupational Classification (NOC), three-month moving average, unadjusted for seasonality.

Description: Number of employees by province, economic region and National Occupational Classification (NOC), last 5 months.

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate for selected census subdivisions. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

Description: Quarterly compensation of employees paid to residents and non-residents; wages and salaries in goods-producing and services-producing industries, Canada.

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This profile gives provincial level information on the presence of teacher-librarians, library technicians and other library staff in Canadian schools.

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This paper reviews the increase in the earnings gap between immigrants and Canadian-born over the past two decades, and the current explanations of this labour market deterioration among recent immigrants in particular. The paper also outlines the rising gap in low-income rates between immigrants and non-immigrants. Like previous research, the paper concludes that the earnings gap at entry has increased for immigrants entering Canada during the 1990s, as compared to those of the 1970s. Furthermore, the gap in the low-income rate has been increasing. The rate of low income has been rising among immigrants (particularly recent immigrants) during the 1990s, while falling among the Canadian-born. The rise in low-income rates among immigrants was widespread, affecting immigrants in all education groups, age groups, and from most source countries (except the "traditional source regions"). Immigrants with university degrees were not excluded from this rise in low-income rates, in spite of the discussion regarding the rising demand for more highly-skilled workers in Canada. As a result of both rising low-income rates among immigrants, and their increasing share of the population, in Canada's major cities virtually all of the increase in the city low-income rates during the 1990s was concentrated among the immigrant population.

Also reviewed here are the explanations discussed in the literature for the deterioration of immigrant economic outcomes. Three major sources are identified as being empirically important, all of which follow from declining labour market outcomes. First, the change in the characteristics of immigrants (e.g., from different source regions, rising levels of educational attainment, etc.) appears to have accounted for about one-third of the increase in the earnings gap at entry (i.e., the gap between immigrants and comparable Canadian-born). Second, decreasing economic returns to foreign work experience appears to play an equally large role. Third, there has been a general decline in the labour market outcomes of all new entrants to the Canadian labour market, and when new immigrants arrive in Canada they, regardless of age, appear to face a similar phenomenon. Other possible explanations are also discussed. Importantly, one potential factor that does not appear to be behind the decline is a reduction in the economic return to education. Immigrants, on average, do have a somewhat lower return to education obtained prior to immigrating (although not to education obtained once in Canada), but this has not changed much over the past two decades.

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This paper uses firm-level data from the T2/LEAP to investigate whether the link between tariff changes and employment differed across firms with various productivity and leverage characteristics over the period 1988 to 1994. The results suggest that the combined effect of domestic and U.S. tariff reductions on employment was typically small, but that losses were significantly larger for firms which were less productive. For instance, firms with average productivity in 1988 responded to tariff changes by cutting employment by only 3.6% over the period 1988 to 1994, while lower productivity firms typically shed 15.1% of their workforce over the same period. This paper also indicates that firms which were more heavily in debt downsized more in response to declining domestic tariffs, suggesting that financial constrains became more binding when tariff cuts were implemented. These results suggest that firms with high productivity and low leverage were less likely than others to feel the impact of declining U.S. and domestic tariffs.

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This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled: Tariff Reduction and Employment in Canadian Manufacturing, 1988-1994. At the end of the 1980s, Canada and the United States reached an agreement to phase out import tariffs over a 10-year period beginning January 1st, 1989. This tariff reduction scheme was a major centre-piece of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The implementation of the FTA was followed by a recession, characterized by massive job cuts in manufacturing industries, which led to suggestions that employment losses were related to the reduction of trade barriers. Research on firm output and survival (Gu, Sawchuk and Whewell, 2003; Baggs, 2004) suggests the impact of tariff changes was different across industries and across firms within industries. Using firm-level data, this study investigates the impact of reduced Canadian and U.S. tariffs on Canadian manufacturing employment. The study also asks whether the impact was heterogeneous across firms with various productivity and leverage characteristics.

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Call centres are believed to be largely responsible for the phenomenal growth of the business support services industry over the past two decades. The Labour Force Survey is used to profile call-centre workers and to substantiate or disprove some commonly held perceptions.

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This article investigates factors influencing the chances of find a job for people who were unemployed for more than six months in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Results for the short-term jobless are included for comparison.

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This paper provides information on Aboriginal employment and unemployment, Aboriginal youths and the impact of education on labour market performance in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. Annual average data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) on off-reserve Aboriginal peoples from April 2004 to March 2005 are used.

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This article estimates and analyses the economic impact of the culture sector on the economy of Canada's provinces. It measures the contribution of the culture sector to provincial employment and gross domestic product (GDP).

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Job growth has shifted from high tech and autos in the 1990s to housing, resources and retailing so far this decade. This change in demand has profound implications for where jobs are located and the type of occupational and educational skills required. Meanwhile, labour supply has been increasingly met by older workers, as the population ages and formerly slow-growth industries no longer push workers out of the labour force.

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Self-employment is more common in rural than urban Canada. In 2001, about one in four workers in rural areas, villages and small towns earned at least some of their income from self-employment, compared with only one in six in Canada as a whole. Of course, farming is a key element explaining high self-employment rates in rural and small town Canada. But although farm self-employment remains a key source of income and employment for many, its importance has declined and self-employment activity on the non-farm side has been increasing rapidly.

The forces driving self-employment in smaller labour markets may be complex, but there is no doubt that entrepreneurship is thriving in rural Canada, despite the waning importance of farm self-employment. This article uses data from the Census of Population to describe non-farm self-employment among workers aged 20 to 64 living in Canada's rural areas and small towns.

Description: The Help-wanted Index measures changes in the demand for labour relative to a base-year.

Description: The Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours provides a monthly portrait of the amount of earnings, as well as the number of jobs (i.e., occupied positions) and hours worked by detailed industry at the national, provincial and territorial levels.

Description: This survey is conducted to collect statistical information on employment trends in information technology (IT) occupations.

Description: The Employment Dynamics is a compilation of statistical tables on employment, payroll and the number of businesses with employees for Canada, the provinces and territories.

Description: The Labour Force Survey provides estimates of employment and unemployment. With the release of the survey results only 10 days after the completion of data collection, the LFS estimates are the first of the major monthly economic data series to be released. LFS data are used to produce the well-known unemployment rate as well as other standard labour market indicators such as the employment rate and the participation rate.

Description: The purpose of the Survey of Annual Work Patterns was to examine three important activities during the year, namely: working, looking for work and going to school.

Description: The purpose of the survey is to adequately assess the current state of both the labour force and the labour force market.

Description: At the heart of the survey's objectives is the understanding of the economic well-being of Canadians: what economic shifts do individuals and families live through, and how does it vary with changes in their paid work, family make-up, receipt of government transfers or other factors?

Description: The purpose of this survey was to find out more about the activities, previous work force attachment and future plans of persons not presently in the labour force; information was also collected on the plans of non-student youth and the retirement circumstances of retired people.

Description: The main purpose of this survey is to evaluate various programs run by Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC), such as the Employment Insurance Program and job skills and training programs. HRDC needs to examine these programs to assess their accessibility and usefulness. Another use is to measure the impact of changes made to the Employment Insurance law in the last few years on their clientele.