Economic accounts

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This document describes the sources, concepts and methods utilized by the Canadian Productivity Accounts and discusses how they compare with their U.S. counterparts.

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This series of articles provides users with an understanding of the notion of productivity and the underlying statistical standards, concepts, and methods used to compile the productivity statistics.

This series enables users to better judge the economic significance, quality and accuracy of the productivity statistics. It is particularly designed for those who regularly use the productivity estimates, such as academics and economic and financial analysts. It is also a reference for others who use the productivity figures less frequently, such as students of economics.

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Canada's balance of payments with the United States should be, in principle, the mirror image of the U.S. balance of payments with Canada. In practice, however, the two countries' statistics have conceptual, methodological and data differences.

Each year, the two countries' balance of payments current accounts are reconciled to reflect how the estimates would appear if both countries used common definitions, methodologies and data sources. Such reconciliation is important because of the extensive economic links between the two countries and the need to explain differences in their published official bilateral estimates.

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These papers deal with selected aspects of Canadas' international economic transactions and international positions with foreign countries. They provide background information as well as in depth analysis on data reported in any of the four following publications: Canadas balance of international payments (67-001-XPB), Canadas international transactions in securities (67-002-XPB), Canadas international investment position (67-202-XPB) and Canadas international transactions in services (67-203-XPB).

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Recent media reports suggest that the ratio of gross national income (formerly gross national product) to gross domestic product reflects a nation's 'economic maturity'. Nations at a higher stage of economic development generally have a GNI larger than GDP because of their past investments abroad. Less developed countries that depend on large inflows of foreign investment to finance their growth have a smaller GNI than GDP. This article analyzes how relevant these suggestions are for the Canadian economy. Since 1998, our ratio of GNI to GNP has risen 96% to 98%. In dollar terms, Canadians would have received $16.4 billion less income if GNI had grown only as fast as GDP, equivalent to $512 for every Canadian. Based on recent trends, Canada's GNI could outstrip its GDP for the first time on record before the end of the current decade.

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This article estimates and analyses the economic impact of the culture sector on Canada's employment and gross domestic product (GDP).

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This paper analyses the impact of the culture sector on Ontario's gross domestic product (GDP) and employment.

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This article estimates and analyses the impact of the culture sector on provincial employment and gross domestic product (GDP).

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This paper develops a production framework that allows for self-supplied water intake, an unpriced 'natural' input. The framework is then exploited to estimate the corresponding water shadow prices and to assess the extent to which water impacts on the multifactor productivity performance of the Canadian business sector's industries.

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This paper quantifies the contribution of public capital to productivity growth in the Canadian business sector. The approach developed here incorporates demand and supply forces, including the contribution of public capital, which may affect productivity performance. We estimate the model using disaggregated data composed of 37-industries in the Canadian business sector from 1961 to 2000. The results indicate that the main contributors to productivity growth, both at the industry and aggregate levels, are technical change and exogenous demand (representing the effect of aggregate income and population growth). Public capital contributed for about 18% of the overall business sector multifactor productivity growth over the 1961 to 2000 period. This is somewhat lower than the figures reported in the literature. However, the magnitudes of the contribution of public capital to productivity growth vary significantly across industries, with the largest impact occurring in transportation, trade and utilities.

Description: The infrastructure economic accounts represents a set of statistical statements that record the economic, social and environmental impacts related to the production and use of infrastructure in Canada and each province and territory. The infrastructure economic accounts are organized using a statistical framework that outlines the concepts, classification systems and methods required to construct the accounts. This statistical framework is consistent with the Canadian system of national accounts, Canadian government finance statistics and Canada's balance of payments. This consistency permits users to analyze the infrastructure related statistical statements in the context of economy wide measures such as investment, gross domestic product (GDP), national income and wealth.

Description: Infrastructure is the physical structures and systems that support the production of goods and services and their delivery to and consumption by governments, businesses and citizens. The industry undertaking that infrastructure investment is also presented. Accumulating investment flows over time produces an estimate of the stock of infrastructure assets. The perpetual inventory method is used as it estimates a value of the net stock of fixed assets in existence and in the hands of producers which is generally based on estimating how many of the fixed assets installed, as a result of investment undertaken in previous years, have survived to the current period. The depreciation of that stock is calculated using the geometric method with asset specific depreciation profiles.

Description: The economic contribution as a result of the production of infrastructure assets due to investment is presented for valued added (GDP), compensation of employees and number of jobs. Value-added is a key measure of economic performance. It represents the output of an industry minus the value of intermediate inputs that were used up in the production of the goods and services. Within the Infrastructure Economic Accounts, this is the value added due to an industry's production of infrastructure assets. The number of jobs represents the number of jobs held by the self-employed, employees and unpaid family workers. The compensation of employees represents the wages and salaries, and supplementary labour income due to labour inputs for the production of infrastructure assets.

Description: The average age of investment is the weighted age of all investments remaining in the gross stock at year end. The remaining useful life, which is the difference between the average age of the investment spending and their expected service life, is then divided by the expected service life, creating a ratio that indicates the percentage of the asset class that remains.

Description: Expansion of the Infrastructure Economic Accounts focusing on the environmental aspect to aid in understanding the relationship between investment in infrastructure and the environment. Main indicators include greenhouse gas emissions as a result of production of infrastructure assets, greenhouse gas emissions per value-added, and clean input proportion.

Description: Quarterly national balance sheet, financial flows, and other changes in assets accounts data presented in a from-whom-to whom basis for selected financial instruments.

Description: The Canadian Economic Tracker presents selected monthly indicators from Statistics Canada's Common Output Database Repository (CODR) to highlight interrelated dynamics within the Canadian economy.

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Debt service ratios, interest and obligated principal payments on debt, and related statistics for households, Canada.

Description: Quarterly other changes in assets account data, for the household, non-profit institutions serving households, corporations, general governments and non-resident sectors, as well as the total of all sectors by category.

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General government gross domestic and foreign debt, and financial liabilities by category, quarterly.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Economic and Social Reports includes in-depth research, brief analyses, and current economic updates on a variety of topics, such as labour, immigration, education and skills, income mobility, well-being, aging, firm dynamics, productivity, economic transitions, and economic geography. All the papers are institutionally reviewed and the research and analytical papers undergo peer review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate as a governmental statistical agency and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This article provides perspectives on the extent to which recent changes in gross domestic product per capita represent a departure from their long-term trend and discusses factors that have facilitated per capita growth in previous decades.

Description: This article provides an integrated summary of recent changes in output, consumer prices, employment, and household finances. It highlights changes in the economic data during the second half of 2023 and into the winter months. The article also examines how economic conditions have changed as borrowing costs have risen.

Description: This product contains articles related to the latest methodological, conceptual developments in the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts as well as the analysis of the Canadian economy. It includes articles detailing new methods, concepts and statistical techniques used to compile the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts. It also includes information related to new or expanded data products, provides updates and supplements to information found in various guides and analytical articles touching upon a broad range of topics related to the Canadian economy.

Description: With the 2015 comprehensive revision, the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts (CSMA) has introduced a major presentational change to the national and the provincial and territorial input-output tables. The previous CSMA input-output presentation differed from the international standard and the practice found in most national statistical organizations. The CSMA has aligned its presentation with the international standard and replaces the presentation found in catalogues 15F0041X and 15F0042X, as well as 15F0002X.

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This article describes the upcoming revisions (November 2019) in the Canadian Macroeconomic Accounts resulting from the inclusion of illegal cannabis production, consumption and distribution as well as statistical revisions of the international travel services. The paper highlights the impact of these revisions on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the balance of international payments (BOP).

Description:

The mandate of the Analytical Studies Branch (ASB) is to provide high-quality, relevant and timely information on economic, health and social issues that are important to Canadians. The branch strategically makes use of expert knowledge and a large range of statistical sources to describe, draw inferences from, and make objective and scientifically supported deductions about the evolving nature of the Canadian economy and society. Research questions are addressed by applying leading-edge methods, including microsimulation and predictive analytics using a range of linked and integrated administrative and survey data. In supporting greater access to data, ASB linked data are made available to external researchers and policy makers to support evidence-based decision making. Research results are disseminated by the branch using a range of mediums (i.e., research papers, studies, infographics, videos, and blogs) to meet user needs. The branch also provides analytical support and training, feedback, and quality assurance to the wide range of programs within and outside Statistics Canada.

Description:

The input-output (IO) models are generally used to simulate the economic impacts of an expenditure on a given basket of goods and services or the output of one or several industries. The simulation results from a "shock" to an IO model will show the direct, indirect and induced impacts on GDP, which industries benefit the most, the number of jobs created, estimates of indirect taxes and subsidies generated, etc. For more details, ask us for the Guide to using the input-output simulation model, available free of charge upon request.

At various times, clients have requested the use of IO price, energy, tax and market models. Given their availability, arrangements can be made to use these models on request.

The national IO model was not released in 2015 or 2016.

Description:

The input-output (IO) models are generally used to simulate the economic impacts of an expenditure on a given basket of goods and services or the output of one or several industries. The simulation results from a "shock" to an IO model will show the direct, indirect and induced impacts on GDP, which industries benefit the most, the number of jobs created, estimates of indirect taxes and subsidies generated, etc. For more details, ask us for the Guide to using the input-output simulation model, available free of charge upon request.

At various times, clients have requested the use of IO price, energy, tax and market models. Given their availability, arrangements can be made to use these models on request.

The interprovincial IO model was not released in 2015 or 2016.

Description: This guide provides a detailed explanation of the structure, concepts and history of Canada’s System of Macroeconomic Accounts.

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An explanation of the structure and concepts of Canada’s new government financial statistics-based public sector accounts.

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The input-output multipliers are derived from the supply and use tables. They are used to assess the effects on the economy of an exogenous change in final demand for the output of a given industry. They provide a measure of the interdependence between an industry and the rest of the economy.

The national and provincial multipliers show the direct, indirect, and induced effects on gross output, the detailed components of GDP, jobs, and imports. Like the supply and use tables, the multipliers are presented at four levels of aggregation: Detail level (236 industries), Link-1997 level (187 industries), Link-1961 level (111 industries) and Summary level (35 industries).

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Users of macroeconomic statistics require long time series in order to understand economic cycles, forecast and conduct economic modeling. In general the longer the time series the better users are able to understand the economy. Statistics Canada has been producing macroeconomic account statistics since the 1930s. Over the last 80 plus years these statistics have evolved due to the changing nature of the economy, the development of international macroeconomic accounting standards and the development of new statistical methods and processes.