Business performance and ownership

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After the double-digit growth experienced in 1993 and 1994, trucking activity by Canada-based for-hire carriers with annual intercity revenues of at least $1.0 million increased at a more moderate rate in 1995 and 1996.

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Sixty-seven Top Canada-based for-hire motor carriers (those with annual revenues over $25 million) posted operating ratios of 0.95 and 0.96 respectively in the third and fourth quarter of 1996. These ratios are identical to those for the same period in 1995. By type of trucking activity, there were some changes for the Specialized Freight carriers where the operating ratio, compared to the same period last year, has deteriorated in the 3rd quarter (from 0.93 to 0.94) and improved in the 4th quarter (from 0.97 to 0.96) There was no change in the operating ratios for the General Freight carriers from a year earlier.

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The statistics presented in this bulletin are derived from our latest survey of industrial research and development activities in Canada.

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This paper examines foreign non-corporate investment in Canadian real estate for the year 1981.

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This paper provides information on Canadian bonds held by foreign investors.

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The size of spending on research and development performed by a firm may be influenced by the size of the firm, the country of control, or the industry in which the firm operates.

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This release provides data on the research and development activities of the private non-profit sector. Although the contribution of this sector to the national R&D effort is small in dollar terms, its impact, particularly in the university sector, is significant.

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This paper investigates structural change at the national and the regional level in five broadly defined sectors of the Canadian economy -- the natural-resource-based, the labour-intensive, the scale-based, the product-differentiated, and the science-based sectors. Three aspects of change are examined. First, changes in the importance of each sector over the last twenty years are traced. Second, the amount of internal change within each sector -- changes in the importance of individual industries in each sector and the nature of job turnover within industries are examined. Finally, the extent to which wage differentials have widened over time is examined.

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Small firms are often seen to be the engines of growth. There are two main sources of empirical evidence that are adduced to support this conclusion. The first is that job creation has been coming mainly from small firms. The second is that the share of employment accounted for by small firms has increased in the past two decades. Both of these sources rely on a simple metric--employment. This paper asks whether changes in this metric affect the view of the role that small firms play in the growth process.

The first section of the paper maintains employment as the measure that is used to evaluate the importance of small firms but modifies the raw measure of employment to correct for the fact that small firms pay lower wages than large firms. The paper examines the evidence indicating that smaller producers in the manufacturing sector pay lower wages and that this differential has grown over time. It then uses relative wage rates to create a measure of employment that is adjusted for wage differentials. When this is done, small producers no longer outperform large producers in terms of job creation over the 1970s and 1980s in the Canadian manufacturing sector.

The second section of the paper changes the metric used to evaluate relative performance by moving from employment to output and labour productivity. The paper demonstrates that while small producers have increased their employment share dramatically, they have barely changed their output share. Small firms have been falling behind large firms both with respect to wages paid and labour productivity. Large producers have been decreasing their relative employment while maintaining their relative output share, thereby making dramatic strides in increasing their relative labour productivity.

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Firm turnover occurs as firms gain and lose market share as part of the competitive struggle. The reallocation of market share from one group to another is associated with productivity gain as the less productive lose share and the more productive gain market share. This paper examines the extent to which productivity has been enhanced by firm turnover over the last twenty years. It focuses on the extent to which this process changed during the 1980s and thereby contributed to the slowdown in productivity growth that was experienced by the manufacturing sector.

Description: The need for alternative data sources is of growing importance for both supplementing Statistics Canada's data holdings and for nowcasting economic activity. In response to this need, Statistics Canada initiated the development of a Real-time Local Business Conditions Index (RT-LBCI). The index brings together data from a few different sources, including Google's Places API (containing data on temporary and permanent businesses closures), TomTom Real-time traffic API (road traffic data), as well as information from Statistics Canada data holdings (monthly retail and wholesale, Business Register, etc.). The project aims to compute a near real-time index of economic activity in Canadian major cities.

Description: This table contains 38 series, with data starting from 1957 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada), Rates (38 items: Bank rate; Chartered bank administered interest rates - prime business; Chartered bank - consumer loan rate; Forward premium or discount (-), United States dollars in Canada: 1 month; ...).

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This table contains 27 series, with data starting from 1981 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada); Type of currency (27 items: Australian dollar, daily average; Brazilian real, daily average; Chinese renminbi, daily average; European euro, daily average; ...).

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The RT-LBCI is released as an experimental statistic. It is intended to provide a real-time signal on business activities following the disruptions brought about by the pandemic and through the recovery phase.

Description: The Extractive Sector Transparency Measures Act (ESTMA) Data Portal is a collaboration between Statistics Canada and Natural Resources Canada, which administers the ESTMA. The ESTMA helps the Government of Canada deter corruption in the extractive sector by requiring extractive entities that are active in Canada to publicly disclose, on an annual basis, certain types of payments made to governments in Canada and abroad. The goal of the data portal is to increase the accessibility and utility of the payment information collected under the ESTMA by bringing together all available ESTMA data in one online location, and further enriching the payment data with analytical functions that help users to leverage the complete ESTMA dataset. The database has also been designed with mobility in mind to ensure that users and stakeholders have mobile access to ESTMA data.

Description: The Business Ownership Diversity Dashboard allows users to examine the distribution of businesses in Canada by equity and diversity indicators and by business variable dimensions. Equity and diversity indicators include visible minority status, age, immigrant status, Indigenous group, and gender. Business variable dimensions include the location of business operations, revenue size, business size (number of employees), and industry sector.

Description: This table contains 8 series, with data starting from 1992 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada), Rates (8 items: Bank rate; Treasury bill auction - average yields: 3 month; Treasury bill auction - average yields: 6 month; Treasury bill auction - average yields: 1 year; ...).

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This financial market summary table presents quarterly Financial Flow Accounts data, unadjusted, by category.

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Quarterly balance sheet of the other financial corporations sector presented on a modified whom-to whom basis at market value according to the Special Data Dissemination Standard Plus (SDDS plus).

Description: Annual counts of enterprises by visible minority status of owner (South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, etc.) for Canada, provinces and the territories.

Description: The following presentation provides an overview of Canada’s integration into global supply chains, the steps being taking to fill knowledge gaps, and questions left to be resolved.

Description: This infographic focuses on product and business process innovation introduced by Canadian businesses during the 2020-2022 period, based on data from the 2022 Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy. It presents the rate of innovation among Canadian businesses, the most common obstacles to innovation reported by businesses, the prevalent types of intellectual property (IP) protection filed by innovation businesses that developed new products, and the role of government support for innovation.

Description: Businesses in Canada continue to face a variety of challenges in the new year. Business outcomes and challenges expected also vary across businesses owned by different populations. This article focuses on the expectations of one of these populations: majority women-owned businesses. It involves an examination of the data produced by the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions.

Description: Immigrant-owned businesses were more likely to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic than other businesses, as they were more concentrated in industries requiring in-person contact and were smaller in scale. To support businesses affected by the pandemic, the Government of Canada launched various COVID-19 liquidity support programs, including the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS), the Canada Emergency Commercial Rent Assistance (CECRA), the Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy (CERS) and the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA). These programs were designed to help affected businesses by partially covering their main expenses, such as wages, rent and property expenses.

Description: This article provides a profile of official language minority owned businesses who received federal business innovation and growth support to better understand their demographics and business characteristics, including the age and gender of the owners, the business size and its revenues, the geography of operations, the level of support received, and the distribution of businesses across industries.

Description: From January 2nd to February 5th, 2024, Statistics Canada conducted the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions. The purpose of this survey is to collect information on businesses in Canada related to emerging issues. This infographic presents key results from this.

Description: This paper contributes to the understanding of the investment slowdown in Canada by focusing on the role of intangibles and competition. While this paper focuses on the role of intangibles and competition in the investment slowdown, it also examines several other firm-specific factors that may be related to investment and its slowdown. These factors include firm leverage, defined as the debt-to-asset ratio; the factors related to financial constraints, measured by the retained earnings-to-asset ratio and profit-to-asset ratio; and firm size.

Description: As interest rates rise to curb inflation, so too do risks associated with higher levels of debt. While much has been written about elevated levels of household debt, less attention has been paid to the growth in Canadian corporate debt and its implications for the business and financial sectors. This paper provides an overview of how Canadian corporate borrowing has evolved and what this may mean for risks going forward.

Description: Racial minority business owners and entrepreneurs make invaluable contributions to the economy and communities across Canada and are essential. From the beginning of October to early November 2023, Statistics Canada conducted the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions (CSBC) to collect information on the environment businesses are currently operating in and their expectations moving forward. This article explores results from the survey by looking at the businesses majority-owned by racialized groups.

Description: From October 3rd to November 6th, 2023, Statistics Canada conducted the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions. The purpose of this survey is to collect information on businesses in Canada related to emerging issues. This infographic presents key results from this.

Description: Credit unions are surveyed by a central organization within each province such as the department responsible for the administration of the credit Unions Acts or the central credit unions. These organizations, in turn, provide Statistics Canada either directly or through the central statistical department with quarterly aggregates on the financial activities of local credit unions under their jurisdiction.

Description: This annual survey provided aggregate balance sheet, income and expense, profit and retained earnings information for corporations classified by 182 industries.

Description: This annual survey provided statistics on corporate taxation including the provincial allocation of taxable income, reconciliation of book profit to taxable income, federal and provincial income taxes and selected capital cost allowances.

Description: These statistics are used in two broad ways. First they provide a measure of financial position and performance of incorporated businesses by industry aggregations. Second, they are used as the benchmark for the quarterly estimates of corporate profits in the Canadian System of National Accounts (CSNA).

Description: The data from this survey are useful in identifying long-term, industry trends in retail banking, corporate and institutional finance, electronic financial services, treasury and investment banking, and fiduciary services.

Description: Statistics Canada is conducting this survey to collect and to report aggregate information on the financing of businesses in Canada. The survey aims to measure flows of capital to business by industry and product line, as well as to observe biannual changes in credit conditions.

Description: This survey collects financial and operational data from the Canadian Level I and II air carriers.

Description: This survey collects financial and operational data from the Canadian Level I, II, III and IV air carriers.

Description: This survey collects quarterly financial and operating data for the statistical measurement and analysis of the telecommunications sub-sector. These data will be aggregated to produce national estimates of activity by industry.

Description: This survey collects financial and operating data for the statistical measurement and analysis of the telecommunications services sub-sector.