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All (56) (20 to 30 of 56 results)

  • 21. Employment Generation by Small Producers in the Canadian Manufacturing Sector Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M1994070
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper uses job turnover data to compare how job creation, job destruction and net job change differ for small and large establishments in the Canadian manufacturing sector. It uses several different techniques to correct for the regression-to-the-mean problem that, it has been suggested, might incorrectly lead to the conclusion that small establishments create a disproportionate number of new jobs. It finds that net job creation for smaller establishments is greater than that of large establishments after such changes are made. The paper also compares the importance of small and large establishments in the manufacturing sectors of Canada and the United States. The Canadian manufacturing sector is shown to have both a larger proportion of employment in smaller establishments but also to have a small establishment sector that is growing in importance relative to that of the United States.

    Release date: 1994-11-16
  • 22. Have Small Firms Created a Disproportionate Share of New Jobs in Canada? A Reassessment of the Facts Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M1994071
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The statistical observation that small firms have created the majority of new jobs during the 1980s has had a tremendous influence on public policy. Governmentshave looked to the small firm sector for employment growth, and have promoted policies to augment this expansion. However, recent research in the US suggeststhat net job creation in the small firm sector may have been overestimated, relative to that in large firms. This paper addresses various measurement issues raised inthe recent research, and uses a very unique Canadian longitudinal data set that encompasses all companies in the Canadian economy to reassess the issue of jobcreation by firm size. We conclude that over the 1978-92 period, for both the entire Canadian economy and the manufacturing sector, the growth rate of (net)employment decreases monotonically as the size of firm increases, no matter which method of sizing firms is used. The small firm sector has accounted for adisproportionate share of both gross job gains and job losses, and in that aggregate, accounted for a disproportionate share of the employment increase over theperiod. Measurement does matter, however, as the magnitude of the difference in the growth rates of small and large firms is very sensitive to the measurementapproaches used. The paper also produces results for various industrial sectors, asks whether the more rapid growth in industries with a high proportion of smallfirms is responsible for the findings at the all-economy level, and examines employment growth in existing small and large firms (ie excluding births). It is found thatemployment growth in the population of existing small and large firms is very similar.

    Release date: 1994-11-16
  • 23. The hours people work Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X199400311
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The "standard" five-day week averaging 37 to 40 hours of work has prevailed since the 1960s. The study explores the evolution of the standard work week from the beginning of this century until now.

    Release date: 1994-09-06
  • 24. Jobs! Jobs! Jobs! Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X1994003127
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Between 1975 and 1993, part-time jobs grew much faster than full-time jobs. The article examines the labour market by looking at jobs rather than workers

    Release date: 1994-09-06
  • 25. Ever more moonlighters Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X1994003155
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Having a second job is a growing phenomenon. Who are moonlighters and why do they moonlight? The characteristics of moonlighters and the work patterns of their second jobs are discussed.

    Release date: 1994-09-06
  • 26. Involuntary part-timers Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X199400340
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    An examination of the characteristics of workers who accept part-time employment because they are unable to find full-time work.

    Release date: 1994-09-06
  • 27. The labour market: Mid-year review Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X19940034616
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    An up-to-date look at the labour market and other economic indicators for the first six months of 1994.

    Release date: 1994-09-06
  • 28. Voluntary part-time workers Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X199400364
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    A growing number of workers are employed part-time. For a large number of them, this option fits their responsibilities and lifestyles. This study looks at the situation of those workers who prefer to work less than 30 hours a week.

    Release date: 1994-09-06
  • 29. The Tourism Satellite Account Archived
    Stats in brief: 13-604-M1994031
    Description:

    There has been growing interest in recent years about the scope of tourism in Canada. In response to this demand for information, Statistics Canada has developed a Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) which provides some answers to questions such as: Which industries constitute 'the tourism industry'? What are the industry's gross domestic product (GDP) and employment rates? And what is the extent of tourism-related expenditures?

    This article reports on the research that Statistics Canada has undertaken as part of an ongoing examination of the tourism industry.

    Release date: 1994-08-31
  • 30. Estimating the rate of rural homelessness: A study of nonurban Ohio Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400114428
    Description:

    Recently, much effort has been directed towards counting and characterizing the homeless. Most of this work, however, has focused on homeless persons in urban areas. In this paper, we describe efforts to estimate the rate of homelessness in nonurban counties in Ohio. The methods for locating homeless persons and even the definition of homelessness are different in rural areas where there are fewer institutions for sheltering and feeding the homeless. There may also be a problem with using standard survey sampling estimators, which typically require large population sizes, large sample sizes, and small sampling fractions. We describe a survey of homeless persons in nonurban Ohio and present a simulation study to assess the usefulness of standard estimators for a population proportion from a stratified cluster sample.

    Release date: 1994-06-15
Data (1)

Data (1) ((1 result))

  • 1. Work-related sexual harassment Archived
    Table: 75-001-X19940041561
    Description:

    Data from the 1993 Violence Against Women Survey on the incidence and nature of work-related sexual harassment.

    Release date: 1994-12-14
Analysis (54)

Analysis (54) (0 to 10 of 54 results)

  • 1. Competitors to genuine \pi ps sample designs: A comparison Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400214417
    Description:

    Without-replacement list sampling with probability proportional to some measure of element size has not enjoyed much application in forestry because of the difficulty of implementing such sample strategies, that have been termed \pi ps designs to distinguish without-replacement sampling from the well-known with-replacement pps designs. In this contribution, an exact \pi ps strategy (Sunter’s variant 2), an approximate \pi ps design (Sunter’s variant 1) and the Rao-Hartley-Cochran random group method are examined and the variances of the respective estimators for total bole volume are computed for four tree populations. The results indicate that compared to the Rao-Hartley-Cochran design Sunter’s variant 1 in general leads to higher precision if the relationship between auxiliary information x_k and target characteristic y_k is loose but is sensitive to the ordering of the sampling frame, whereas the Rao-Hartley-Cochran design does not require the sampling frame to be ordered at all and appears to be superior if strong linear relationships between x_k and y_k are present.

    Release date: 1994-12-15
  • 2. Nonparametric estimation of response probabilities in sampling theory Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400214418
    Description:

    We deal with the nonresponse problem by drawing on the model of selection in phases that was proposed by Särndal and Swenson (1987). To estimate response probabilities, we use the nonparametric approach first advanced by Giommi (1987). We define estimators according to the nonparametric estimation (NPE) model, and we study their general properties empirically. Inference is based on the concept of quasi-randomization (Oh and Scheuren 1983). The emphasis is on estimating the variance and constructing confidence intervals. We find, by way of a Monte Carlo study, that it is possible to improve the quality of the estimators considered by using a variant of the NPE approach. The latter also serves to confirm the performance of regression estimators in terms of variance estimation.

    Release date: 1994-12-15
  • 3. Empirical comparison of small area estimation methods for the Italian Labour Force Survey Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400214419
    Description:

    The study was undertaken to evaluate some alternative small areas estimators to produce level estimates for unplanned domains from the Italian Labour Force Sample Survey. In our study, the small areas are the Health Service Areas, which are unplanned sub-regional territorial domains and were not isolated at the time of sample design and thus cut across boundaries of the design strata. We consider the following estimators: post-stratified ratio, synthetic, composite expressed as linear combination of synthetic and of post-stratified ratio, and sample size dependent. For all the estimators considered in this study, the average percent relative biases and the average relative mean square errors were obtained in a Monte Carlo study in which the sample design was simulated using data from the 1981 Italian Census.

    Release date: 1994-12-15
  • 4. Matrix masking methods for disclosure limitation in microdata Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400214420
    Description:

    The statistical literature contains many methods for disclosure limitation in microdata. However, their use by statistical agencies and understanding of their properties and effects has been limited. For purposes of furthering research and use of these methods, and facilitating their evaluation and quality assurance, it would be desirable to formulate them within a single framework. A framework called matrix masking - based on ordinary matrix arithmetic - is presented, and explicit matrix mask formulations are given for the principal microdata disclosure limitation methods in current use. This enables improved understanding and implementation of these methods by statistical agencies and other practitioners.

    Release date: 1994-12-15
  • 5. A hypothesis test of linear regression coefficients with survey data Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400214421
    Description:

    This paper discusses testing a single hypothesis about linear regression coefficients based on sample survey data. It suggests that when the design-based linearization variance estimator for a regression coefficient is used it should be adjusted to reduce its slight model bias and that a Satterthwaite-like estimation of its effective degrees of freedom be made. A very important special case of this analysis is its application to domain means.

    Release date: 1994-12-15
  • 6. Dual system estimation of census undercount in the presence of matching error Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400214422
    Description:

    Dual system estimation (DSE) has been used since 1950 by the U.S. Bureau of Census for coverage evaluation of the decennial census. In the DSE approach, data from a sample is combined with data from the census to estimate census undercount and overcount. DSE relies upon the assumption that individuals in both the census and the sample can be matched perfectly. The unavoidable mismatches and erroneous nonmatches reduce the accuracy of the DSE. This paper reconsiders the DSE approach by relaxing the perfect matching assumption and proposes models to describe two types of matching errors, false matches of nonmatching cases and false nonmatches of matching cases. Methods for estimating population total and census undercount are presented and illustrated using data from 1986 Los Angeles test census and 1990 Decennial Census.

    Release date: 1994-12-15
  • 7. Bias corrections for survey estimates from data with ratio imputed values for confounded nonresponse Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400214423
    Description:

    Most surveys suffer from the problem of missing data caused by nonresponse. To deal with this problem, imputation is often used to create a “completed data set”, that is, a data set composed of actual observations (for the respondents) and imputations (for the nonrespondents). Usually, imputation is carried out under the assumption of unconfounded response mechanism. When this assumption does not hold, a bias is introduced in the standard estimator of the population mean calculated from the completed data set. In this paper, we pursue the idea of using simple correction factors for the bias problem in the case that ratio imputation is used. The effectiveness of the correction factors is studied by Monte Carlo simulation using artificially generated data sets representing various super-populations, nonresponse rates, nonresponse mechanisms, and correlations between the variable of interest and the auxiliary variable. These correction factors are found to be effective especially when the population follows the model underlying ratio imputation. An option for estimating the variance of the corrected point estimates is also discussed.

    Release date: 1994-12-15
  • 8. Questionnaire design for business surveys Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400214424
    Description:

    This paper provides an overview of important considerations that should be taken into account when developing and designing questionnaires for business surveys. These considerations include the determination of objectives and data requirements, consultation with data users and respondents, and methods for testing questionnaires. In developing and designing business survey questionnaires, focus groups and cognitive research methods help the researcher to identify potential sources of measurement error and to understand the response process that respondents go through in completing the questionnaires. Examples of focus groups and cognitive research undertaken by Statistics Canada are provided.

    Release date: 1994-12-15
  • 9. Use of capture-recapture techniques to estimate population size and population totals when a complete frame is unavailable Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400214425
    Description:

    We present a formal model based sampling solution to the problem of estimating list frame size based on capture-recapture sampling which has been widely used for animal populations and for adjusting the US census. For two incomplete lists it is easy to estimate total frame size using the Lincoln-Petersen estimator. This estimator is model based with a key assumption being independence of the two lists. Once an estimator of the population (frame) size has been obtained it is possible to obtain an estimator of a population total for some characteristic if a sample of units has that characteristic measured. A discussion of the properties of this estimator will be presented. An example where the establishments are fishing boats taking part in an ocean fishery off the Atlantic Coast of the United States is presented. Estimation of frame size and then population totals using a capture-recapture model is likely to have broad application in establishment surveys due to practicality and cost savings but possible biases due to assumption violations need to be considered.

    Release date: 1994-12-15
  • 10. Two-stage area frame sampling on square segments for farm surveys Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400214426
    Description:

    In the MARS Project (Monitoring Agriculture with Remote Sensing) of the E.C. (European Community), area frames based on a square grid are used for area estimation through ground surveys and high resolution satellite images. These satellite images are useful, though expensive, for area estimation: their use for yield estimation is not yet operational. To fill this gap the sample elements (segments) of the area survey are used as well for sampling farms with a template of points overlaid on the segment. Most often we use a fixed number of points per segment. Farmers are asked to provide global data for the farm, and estimates are computed with a Horvitz-Thompson approach. Major problems include locating farmers and checking for misunderstanding of instructions. Good results are obtained for area and for production of the main crops. Area frames need to be complemented with list frames (multiple frames) to give reliable estimates for livestock.

    Release date: 1994-12-15
Reference (1)

Reference (1) ((1 result))

  • 1. Recent information on training Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75-001-X199400137
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    An overview is presented of several surveys on training and education developed by Statistics Canada.

    Release date: 1994-03-02
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