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Description: Although the location of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is not important as far as their contribution to global warming is concerned, it can be useful to know how final domestic expenditures on products and services in Canada cause emissions in other countries and conversely, how final expenditures elsewhere cause emissions in Canada. This article uses a novel multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to trace the connections between domestic final expenditures on goods and services in one country and the resulting GHG emissions in another.

Description:

The higher education sector is composed of all universities, colleges of technology and other institutes of postsecondary education, whatever their source of finance or legal status. It also includes all research institutes, experimental stations and clinics operating under the direct control of, or administered by, or associated with higher education establishments.

Description: This companion volume contains historical annual series that correspond to those published in the monthly tables. It includes Canada-wide data on the national accounts, prices, international and domestic trade, labour and financial markets, as well as provincial data on employment earnings, retail trade, housing and consumer price indexes.

Description:

Revised estimates of the Income and Expenditure Accounts covering the period 2008 to 2010 have been released along with those for the first quarter of 2011. The current revisions to GDP resulted from the inclusion of the most current estimates from data sources, including survey results, administrative data and public accounts.

Description:

This paper presents the background, methodological change and implementation of the revised real import and export adjustments that account for exchange rate fluctuations.

Description: Foreign and Domestic Investment in Canada contains capital investment data for construction, machinery and equipment, by country of control. The data were compiled from the Surveys of Capital Expenditures, which also produce the Private and Public Investment Series. Data are available at the two-digit NAICS level for Canada, United States, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland.

Description:

This paper provides some background information on revisions within the Income and Expenditure Accounts as well as a detailed revisions analysis of the quarterly real growth rate of GDP. The analysis of revisions strives to ascertain if preliminary estimates have been significantly different from the final estimate, thereby indicating reliability needs to be improved. The revisions analysis presented here looks at the behaviour of the revisions to quarterly real GDP growth rate for the period 1981 to 2007 with the objective of determining if a significant bias exists.

Description:

This paper provides the latest annual results for the U.S./Canada purchasing power parities (PPPs) and real expenditure indexes in the U.S. compared with Canada for the period 2002 to 2009. Revisions to previously published data and an update using the most recent US and Canada expenditure data from the National Accounts and in-depth price comparisons for 2005 are incorporated. The paper provides a primer on purchasing power parities and related measures and why they are important in international comparisons of economic performance. It also describes a new projection methodology for total economy measures that are now based on Gross Domestic Income and shows the impact of this change on the data.

Description:

One key to poverty alleviation or eradication in the third world is reliable information on the poor and their location, so that interventions and assistance can be effectively targeted to the neediest people. Small area estimation is one statistical technique that is used to monitor poverty and to decide on aid allocation in pursuit of the Millennium Development Goals. Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (ELL) (2003) proposed a small area estimation methodology for income-based or expenditure-based poverty measures, which is implemented by the World Bank in its poverty mapping projects via the involvement of the central statistical agencies in many third world countries, including Cambodia, Lao PDR, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, and is incorporated into the World Bank software program PovMap. In this paper, the ELL methodology which consists of first modeling survey data and then applying that model to census information is presented and discussed with strong emphasis on the first phase, i.e., the fitting of regression models and on the estimated standard errors at the second phase. Other regression model fitting procedures such as the General Survey Regression (GSR) (as described in Lohr (1999) Chapter 11) and those used in existing small area estimation techniques: Pseudo-Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (Pseudo-EBLUP) approach (You and Rao 2002) and Iterative Weighted Estimating Equation (IWEE) method (You, Rao and Kovacevic 2003) are presented and compared with the ELL modeling strategy. The most significant difference between the ELL method and the other techniques is in the theoretical underpinning of the ELL model fitting procedure. An example based on the Philippines Family Income and Expenditure Survey is presented to show the differences in both the parameter estimates and their corresponding standard errors, and in the variance components generated from the different methods and the discussion is extended to the effect of these on the estimated accuracy of the final small area estimates themselves. The need for sound estimation of variance components, as well as regression estimates and estimates of their standard errors for small area estimation of poverty is emphasized.

Description:

Alternative forms of linearization variance estimators for generalized raking estimators are defined via different choices of the weights applied (a) to residuals and (b) to the estimated regression coefficients used in calculating the residuals. Some theory is presented for three forms of generalized raking estimator, the classical raking ratio estimator, the 'maximum likelihood' raking estimator and the generalized regression estimator, and for associated linearization variance estimators. A simulation study is undertaken, based upon a labour force survey and an income and expenditure survey. Properties of the estimators are assessed with respect to both sampling and nonresponse. The study displays little difference between the properties of the alternative raking estimators for a given sampling scheme and nonresponse model. Amongst the variance estimators, the approach which weights residuals by the design weight can be severely biased in the presence of nonresponse. The approach which weights residuals by the calibrated weight tends to display much less bias. Varying the choice of the weights used to construct the regression coefficients has little impact.

Description: This report is a product of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). It is intended to facilitate the comparison of educational systems in Canada's provinces and territories with those of countries that belong to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The document presents a series of indicators harmonized to the definitions and methodologies used by the OECD in Education at a Glance. The indicators are designed to serve as a basis for decision making and for development of programs in the field of education.

PCEIP is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council: a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada, that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems.

Description: This interactive tool allows for custom manipulation and visualization of data sourced from the Statistic Canada Survey of Uniform Financial Systems - School Boards (SUFSB). By clicking within the tool you will be able to filter, highlight and select various provincial/territorial aggregations of public elementary and secondary school board/district revenue and expenditure data. The revenues are categorized by source and geography; expenditures are categorized by function, economic classification and geography.

Description: This monthly release of the The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for Canada, the provinces, Whitehorse and Yellowknife, provides a descriptive summary of retail price movements, inflation rates and the factors underlying them. The CPI also contains the following tabular information: latest price index movements for the eight major components; price index changes on one and 12-month bases for an extensive number of components and groups; historical monthly information; and price indices reclassified according to categories of goods and services.

Description: This publication presents an overview of the economic developments reported in Canada's national accounts for the most recent quarter, and is no longer being released. The overview covers several broad areas: 1) gross domestic product (GDP) by income and by expenditure; 2) GDP by industry; 3) balance of international payments accounts; 4) labour productivity and other related variables; 5) international investment position; and, 6) national balance sheet accounts.

Description: The Input-Output accounting system consists of three tables. The input tables (USE tables) detail the commodities that are consumed by various industries. Output tables (MAKE tables) detail the commodities that are produced by various industries. Final demand tables detail the commodities bought by many categories of buyers (consumers, industries, non-profit institutions and government) for both consumption and investment purposes. These tables allow users to track intersectoral exchanges of goods and services between industries and final demand categories such as personal expenditures, capital expenditures and public sector expenditures.

There are four levels of detail: the “Detailed” level with 235 industries, 470 commodities and 280 final demand categories, the “Link 1997” level (the most detailed level that allows the construction of consistent time series of annual data from 1997) with 188 industries, 466 commodities and 261 final demand categories, the “Link 1961” level (the most detailed level that allows the construction of consistent time series of annual data from 1961) with 112 industries, 246 commodities and 145 final demand categories, and the “Summary” level with 35 industries, 74 commodities and 25 final demand categories.

Description: This product provides an overview of trends in the motion picture theatres industry. It provides users with information required for making corporate decisions, monitoring programs and reviewing policies. The tables focus on financial and operating data.

Description: This report examines trends in police personnel (including selected demographic characteristics) and expenditures on policing (a component of justice system spending) for Canada, the provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and municipal police services. Findings are based on data from the Police Administration Survey. Selected data are presented at the national and provincial levels, including rank, gender, age group and years of service of police officers. Other crime and personnel statistics, including officers per population, hirings and departures and Crime Severity Index values are presented for census metropolitan areas and for all municipal police services in Canada. The information contained in this report provides an overview of the Canadian policing community and how it continues to change over time.

Description: The Legal Aid Survey provides information on revenues, expenditures, personnel, and caseload (e.g., applications for legal aid services) associated with the delivery of legal aid in the 13 provinces and territories in Canada in 2011/2012. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire sent to the 13 legal aid plans in Canada, from provincial and territorial departments responsible for justice matters, and from Justice Canada.

Description: This publication presents national and regional statistics on the financial performance and operations for the Cable and Other Program Distribution industry (NAICS 2007 517112). In it you will find data on revenues, expenses, employment and number of subscribers for the cable and wireless components of the industry.

Description: The National Tourism Indicators (NTI) are used to monitor supply, demand, employment and GDP for tourism in Canada on a timely basis. Estimates go back to the first quarter of 1986, and is no longer being released. The indicators are based on benchmarks taken from the Tourism Satellite Accounts. The quarterly statistics are derived using selected components of consumer spending and of GDP by industry and various industry and travel surveys. They are available about 90 days after the reference period. The NTI provide seasonally adjusted, current and constant price estimates, both actual levels and percentage changes. A brief analysis of the quarterly results is included as well as occasional articles. This product was commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission to provide quarterly updates for the Tourism Satellite Account.

Description: The purpose of the Police Administration Survey (PAS) is to collect statistics on public policing personnel and expenditures from municipal, provincial and federal police services in Canada. The information collected is used by federal and provincial policy makers, individual police services as well as officials responsible for police budgets. The data are also used by the media for the purpose of providing information to the general public.

Description: These papers provide background information as well as in depth analysis on data reported in any of the following accounts: income and expenditure accounts, provincial economic accounts, financial flow accounts, national balance sheet accounts, estimates of labour income, and national tourism indicators.

Description: This feasibility study uses Statistics Canada’s Financial Information of Universities (FINUNI) survey to calculate financial ratios for universities. These ratios use standardized financial data from the FINUNI survey and allow comparisons from one institution to another and over time. These ratios will measure dependency on private and public funding, the expense proportion of wages and salaries, scholarships and bursary expenses, and other significant fixed and variable financial revenues and expenses.

Description: This infographic highlights some results from the 2023 Survey of Household Spending, such as how much Canadian households spent on various categories of goods and services and how it differed from 2021 and 2019.

Description: A novel index for estimating the expense of housing and transportation in Canada has been developed, based on the Center for Neighborhood Technology’s Housing + Transportation (H+T®) Affordability Index. By combining Census data and data from other statistical programs we obtain a composite index (the H+T Index) for all Aggregate Dissemination Areas of Canada, except for Territories and First Nations.

Description: Caring for children is among the key functions of families and the larger society. In Canada, the question of affordability issues for families with children has become an increasingly important area of public policy. Also, information on the monetary cost of meeting children’s needs for food, shelter, clothing, health care, and education is important for family planning and budgeting decisions made by people raising children.

Description: Although several national surveys have collected information on child care expenses from the parent perspective, information on the amount parents pay out of pocket per child has been limited. More recent information is necessary given the parameters of the Multilateral Early Learning and Child Care Framework (Employment and Social Development Canada, 2017) to work towards a shared vision of high-quality, accessible, flexible, inclusive and affordable child care in Canada. This study provides recent estimates of how much parents in Canada report paying for their 0- to 5-year-old child’s main child care arrangement in early 2022.

Description: This infographic provides a snapshot of how rising prices are affecting the Canadian population in 2022. It uses data from the Portrait of Canadian Society - Impacts of Rising Prices survey. It examines how recent rising prices are affecting Canadians' ability to meet day-to-day expenses, the areas in which people have been most affected and what people have started doing or are doing more than before to deal with rising prices.

Description: Decisions by economic agents, such as firms and consumers, depend on their views about inflation. Consumers’ views of inflation, are systematically higher than inflation measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), and more so for certain demographic groups. While measurement factors can explain part of this gap, behavioral factors appear to play a larger role. This article examines these factors to explain the gap between CPI’s inflation and inflation perceptions in Canada.

Description: Canada has faced profound economic and social impacts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This report brings together diverse findings which illuminate changes in quality of life since March 2020, and provides value added by examining these results through a well-being lens. Specifically, the paper describes how selected aspects of well-being have been affected during the pandemic, focussing on income and wealth (financial well-being and resiliency), knowledge and skills (technology and children and youth schooling), work-life balance (child care and family bonds), health (mental health and persons with disabilities) and environmental quality (connecting with nature close to home).

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This paper provides some guidance to users on the use of medians and also gives some examples of situations when it can be a more appropriate measure than the average.

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This report reviews the concepts measured and estimates produced by the Survey of Household Spending (SHS), previously called the Family Expenditure Survey (FAMEX), and the Homeowner Repair and Renovation Survey (HRRS).

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How good are the National Tourism Indicators (NTI)? How can their quality be measured? This study looks to answer these questions through analysis of the revisions to the NTI estimates for the period 1997 through 2001.

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This practical and informative guide for the construction industry will assist in navigating through numerous Statistics Canada products and services.

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Like most statistical agencies, Statistics Canada publishes three Gross Domestic Product (GDP) series. These are the output-based GDP, the income-based GDP and the expenditure-based GDP. This document is aimed at describing the concepts, definitions, classifications and statistical methods underlying the output-based GDP series, also known as GDP by industry or simply monthly GDP.

The report is organized into seven chapters. Chapter 1 defines what GDP by industry is, describes its various uses and how it connects with the other components of the Canadian System of National Accounts. Chapter 2 deals with the calculation of the GDP by industry estimates. Chapter 3 examines industry and commodity classification schemes. Chapter 4 discusses the subject of deflation. The choice of deflators, the role of the base year and the method of rebasing are all addressed in this chapter. Chapter 5 looks at such technical issues as benchmarking, trading day and seasonal adjustment. Chapter 6 is devoted to the presentation of the GDP by industry, detailing the format, release dates and modes of dissemination, as well as the need and the frequency of revising the estimates. Finally, Chapter 7 reviews the historical development of monthly GDP from 1926 to the present.

Description:

The definition of the Information and communications technologies (ICT) sector will be modified to conform more closely to the international standard developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Specifically, libraries and the retailing of ICT commodities will be removed from the aggregation, but due to data limitations we will not include the repair of ICT equipment in our aggregation. The estimates will be reworked back to January 1997.

Description:

This guide presents information of interest to users of data from the Survey of Household Spending. Data are collected via personal interview conducted in January, February and March after the reference year using a paper questionnaire. Information is gathered about the spending habits, dwelling characteristics and household equipment of Canadian households during the reference year. The survey covers private households in the ten provinces. (The three territories are surveyed every second year starting in 2001.)

This guide includes definitions of survey terms and variables, as well as descriptions of survey methodology and data quality. There is also a section describing the various statistics that can be created using expenditure data (e.g., budget share, market share, and aggregates).

Description:

Under any degree of inflation, high or low, the values of changes in inventories (VPC) is generally different when it is calculated at the quarterly interval and the four quarters are aggregated into a year compared with its calculation done at the yearly interval. It is argued in this paper that it is an inherent problem as one of the basic axioms of annual accounts is violated, namely, the assumption of price homogeneity over an accounting period.

Description:

This guide presents information of interest to users of data from the Survey of Household Spending. Data are collected via personal interview conducted in January, February and March after the reference year using a paper questionnaire. Information is gathered about the spending habits, dwelling characteristics and household equipment of Canadian households during the reference year. The survey covers private households in the ten provinces and three territories. (The three territories are surveyed every second year.)

This guide includes definitions of survey terms and variables and descriptions of survey methodology and data quality. There is also a section describing the various statistics that can be created using expenditure data (e.g., budget share, market share, and aggregates).

Description:

This report summarizes the comments received in response to a discussion paper on low income cut-offs released in January 2000.