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- Consumer Price Index (76)
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Results
All (220)
All (220) (210 to 220 of 220 results)
- Articles and reports: 62F0014M19970103362Geography: CanadaDescription:
The debate on the measurement of bias in the CPI has been around for decades. However, given the size of government budgetary deficits, the issue of overestimating inflation and therefore payments in social benefits has triggered the interest in the measurement of the CPI bias. The final report of the U.S. Advisory Commission to Study the Consumer Price Index, chaired by Michael Boskin, states that the U.S. CPI has been overestimated by 1.1% per year since 1996. Following the release of the report, many interested groups have asked the question as to the magnitude of the bias for Canada's CPI. This result raised the question whether the bias in the Canadian CPI was of the same magnitude. This paper begins by presenting the bias issue in the context of the Canadian CPI and then outlines some of the plans Statistics Canada intends to undertake in the near future to improve the measurement of the CPI. The paper concludes that, although the Canadian CPI may suffer from the same potential problems as the U.S. CPI, the overall effect of these biases is less notable because Statistics Canada started to apply an appropriate methodology earlier. In fact, in recent studies Crawford (1993 and 1997) tried to estimate an overall bias and concluded that given the generous judgement incorporated in the estimate, it is likely that the bias is, on average smaller than 0.5%.
Release date: 1997-10-02 - Articles and reports: 62F0014M19970103363Geography: CanadaDescription:
The debate over problems in measuring inflation is not new. It has recently been revived by the publication of a report by an Advisory Commission to the U.S. Senate. The Commission, chaired by Michael J. Boskin, found that the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) overestimates inflation by 1.1 percentage points a year. This article shows that the potential bias in the French CPI is on a far lower order of magnitude. It is hard to summarize the changes in a multitude of prices with a single figure. Even in the best-case theoretical scenario - a single consumer faced with a spending decision - the treatment of substitutions between existing products raises important problems. Nevertheless, it is possible to provide a fairly accurate description of the various possible alternatives and the statistical procedures used in France largely shield the country's index from criticism on this point. The introduction of new products creates serious difficulties that have not been entirely resolved in the United States, in France, or elsewhere: "new products" is used here in the broad sense to denote (1) genuinely new products on the market and (2) products already sold elsewhere but introduced in a new sales outlet, replacing existing products or not. The Boskin Commission estimates the upward bias in the U.S. CPI due to new products at 0.6 percentage points per year. The Commission's claim rest on fragile and probably exaggerated estimates. Our conclusion converges with the opinion of several U.S. statisticians.
Release date: 1997-10-02 - 213. The Boskin Report from the United Kingdom ArchivedArticles and reports: 62F0014M19970103364Description:
From a U.K. perspective, the Boskin Report raises no new issues; it simply gives some issues greater prominence. AT the U.K.'s Office for National Statistics, as in other national statistical agencies around the world, a substantial amount of research has been conducted over a number of years into methodology associated with consumer prices indices, and this work is continuing. Our view is that the Retail Prices Index (RPI) presently remains the most accurate single measure of consumer inflation in the U.K. It is produced using the best available methodology following advice from an independent RPI advisory committee. We believe that many of the issues raised in the Boskin Report for the U.S.A. have less in the U.K. This view is also shared by a number of independent commentators. Nevertheless, along with many other countries, we are undertaking further research and analysis to investigate the issues raised.
Release date: 1997-10-02 - Articles and reports: 62F0014M19970103365Geography: CanadaDescription:
The final report of the Boskin Commission (after its chair Michael Baskin) arrived like a huge boulder dropped into a quiet pool of water. It made an enormous splash in the U.S. and the tidal waves and ripples have spread out all over the world. But eight months after the report's December 1996 publication, the centre of the pool where the boulder landed has become almost completely still. This paper presents some of the reasons why no opportunities were grasped following the publication of the report. The paper concludes that one missed opportunity is the creation of a more unified economic statistical system. Although Statistics USA is not going anywhere, there is still hope for the future.
Release date: 1997-10-02 - 215. Bias in the CPI: Experiences from Five OECD Countries ArchivedArticles and reports: 62F0014M1997010Geography: CanadaDescription:
The debate on the measurement bias in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) arising from the U.S. "Advisory Commission to Study the Consumer Price Index", better known as the Boskin report, is not new and has been around for a number of decades. However, several circumstances made the current debate special.
This publication, Bias in the CPI: experiences from five OECD countries, presents the experience and point of view of five different countries relative to the measurement bias in the CPI. While most statistical agencies recognise that their CPIs are not perfect measures of inflation, some agencies of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries have consistently developed research agendas designed to improve its measurement.
Release date: 1997-10-02 - Articles and reports: 62F0014M1996001Geography: CanadaDescription:
For decades, Canadians have been living in an inflationary environment. Everyone remembers that at some point in the past, consumer goods and services cost less. Even young people know that a candy bar cost less five or ten years ago than it does now. Thus the purchasing power of the Canadian dollar has gradually declined over the years.
Even though everyone knows that things cost more now than in the past, there are situations in which this seems to be forgotten. The purpose of this article is to present a situation that shows the illusion of wealth that fairly long-term inflation can foster. We begin by looking at how inflation and income tax affect a retired person's interest income for a given year. Then we look at the effects of inflation and income tax on interest income over a longer period. When taxation is not factored in, the situation is one of investing inside a registered retirement savings plan.
Release date: 1997-05-05 - Articles and reports: 62F0014M1996002Geography: CanadaDescription:
Price indexes are an essential tool for the analysis of real output in the construction industry and for relative performance and productivity measures. They provide a succinct picture of the past and a useful framework for forecasting future developments. Government requires such price indexes as part of the information used in the development of its policies including support programs to provincial governments. These indexes are also used in construction contracts to adjust for cost fluctuations and inflation. It is however, a difficult task to obtain satisfactory indexes reflecting 'pure' price changes for construction. The units built are nonstandard and heterogeneous with large variations in quality, size, design and construction techniques. Consequently, there are many different types of indexes developed from information recorded in the construction industry.
This paper summarizes the various ways in which construction price indexes can be compiled, and examines and compares the performance of some of the indexes currently produced at Statistics Canada. It is hoped that the comparisons would permit an assessment of the various types of construction indexes examined for specific applications.
Release date: 1997-05-05 - 218. Productivity Adjustment in Construction Price Indexes ArchivedArticles and reports: 62F0014M1996003Geography: CanadaDescription:
Productivity analysis is one of the major foundations of the analysis of long-term economic growth. It is important to study productivity in order to identify the factors that contribute to it and to explore the relationship that exists between productivity, growth and international competitiveness.
Statistics Canada produces partial productivity indexes for some 30 industries and the business sector of the economy on an annual basis. However, little is known about the real output, productivity, and price trends in the construction industry. Four opportunities for productivity research in the construction industry are evident, (a) investigation of the available productivity measures, (b) alternative approaches to the implicit methods currently used in the compilation of output price indexes, (c) estimation of productivity within particular sectors of the construction industry, and (d) comparison of productivity on an interprovincial or international basis.
In this paper we will focus on the first two of the four alternatives and will give examples of the last two. In particular, by formalizing the adjustments that are made to the input factors used in the development of output indexes, we contend that the result will be more impartial and enduring. Generally, our goal is to investigate and promote measures that will be available and attractive to the construction industry as it begins to demand more electronic information. The purpose is to derive, eventually, some new productivity estimates based upon the best available statistics.
Release date: 1997-05-05 - 219. Review of the Literature on Core Inflation ArchivedArticles and reports: 62F0014M1997004Geography: CanadaDescription:
Over the years, the concept of core inflation has become of crucial importance for the central banks of various countries. Indeed, many of them have at some point been given the mandate to reduce inflation and achieve price stability. In Canada, this mandate was conferred on the Bank of Canada in February 1991.
Core Inflation is often perceived as the trend in the movements of consumer prices. This review of the literature illustrates that more than one definition of core inflation exists. Then, a brief description of the different suggested methods to measure core inflation, as well as some of their results, are shown. Finally, this review offers a bibliography of articles on core inflation.
Release date: 1997-05-05 - 220. International Price and Quantity Comparisons: Purchasing Power Parities and Real Expenditures, Canada and the United States ArchivedArticles and reports: 13-604-M1993025Description:
This article introduces two new tables showing volume indexes of real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and its components for Canada compared with the United States and the associated purchasing power parities (PPPs). These international comparisons of real expenditures based on PPPs are considered to be a major addition to the tools available for macroeconomic analysis. For example, the recent publication by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) of a set of estimates of different countries' output using PPPs has changed the view of the share of world output that comes from the industrialized countries compared with the developing economies.
An analysis based on PPPs, rather than a more conventional one based on exchange rates, has significantly changed the relative measures of output of countries. Comparisons based on exchange rates are unlikely to fully take into account the differences in price levels between countries (i.e., the goods and services that can be purchased in one country's currency compared with another's). Moreover, services are not generally traded in the way that goods are, so their prices in different countries tend not to be related in a way that parallels the currency exchange rate. If aggregate output is to be properly compared across countries, PPPs become more and more important as the size of the service sector grows.
Economic theory would suggest that for internationally traded domestically produced goods and services, PPPs and exchange rates will tend to equalize in the long run. Exchange rates, however, can fluctuate widely in short periods and are affected by expectations and factors such as deficits, wars, fuel shortages and interest rates. With the calculation of PPPs, actual price level differences can be identified. Such measures are also much more stable over time.
Release date: 1993-11-30
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Stats in brief (66)
Stats in brief (66) (40 to 50 of 66 results)
- 41. Gold and silver prices amid pandemic ArchivedStats in brief: 45-28-0001202000100013Description:
This article examines the behaviour of gold and silver price trends amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Release date: 2020-05-07 - Stats in brief: 11-001-X202012823763Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletinRelease date: 2020-05-07
- 43. Consumer Price Index: 2019 in Review ArchivedStats in brief: 11-627-M2020005Description:
This infographic details the annual average consumer inflation in Canada and the regions in 2019 while also examining the noteworthy average commodity movements of the year.
Release date: 2020-01-22 - 44. A First Complete Look at Residential Property Prices ArchivedStats in brief: 11-627-M2019059Description:
The Residential Property Price Index (RPPI) measures the price change for new and resale houses and condominium apartments and brings these sectors together into one single aggregated price indicator. This infographic includes key statistics and illustrates market trends in the residential real estate market.
Release date: 2019-11-14 - Stats in brief: 11-627-M2019056Description:
Several trends were observed in the New Housing Price Indexes and average prices over the last five years. Using data from the New Housing Price Survey, this infographic shows which of the selected census metropolitan areas (CMA) surveyed are leading the way in annual price movements over the last 5 years, and provides the average price in 2013 compared to the average price of 2018 for selected CMAs.
Release date: 2019-09-12 - Stats in brief: 11-001-X201924621703Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletinRelease date: 2019-09-03
- Stats in brief: 11-001-X201914320403Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletinRelease date: 2019-05-23
- Stats in brief: 89-28-0001201800100002Description:
On June 1, 2018, the United States implemented additional tariffs on selected Canadian steel and aluminum products exported to the United States. The additional tariff rates are 25% and 10% respectively. In response, on July 1, 2018, Canada imposed tariffs on the imports of certain products from the United States. These tariff rates are also at the 25% and 10% levels, and cover a diverse range of products and primarily fall under the categories of aluminum products; articles of iron and steel; prepared foodstuffs; paper products; machinery and electrical equipment; and other miscellaneous manufactured items. This table provides the Canadian International Merchandise Trade Import and Export Statistics for the items subject to the tariffs.
Release date: 2018-08-24 - Stats in brief: 89-28-0001201800100001Description:
Average prices for a selection of products, some of which are referenced in the July 1st, 2018 Countermeasures in Response to Unjustified Tariffs on Canadian Steel and Aluminum Products. Data are provided at the Canada and province level. Prices are classified by origin of manufacture and are available beginning with the June 2017 reference month.
Release date: 2018-08-17 - 50. Tariffs: No impact yet on consumer prices ArchivedStats in brief: 11-627-M2018027Description:
This infographic looks at the prices of select Canadian made and U.S. made consumer products for the period of July 2017 to July 2018.
Release date: 2018-08-17
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Articles and reports (150)
Articles and reports (150) (0 to 10 of 150 results)
- Articles and reports: 62F0014M2024002Description: In collaboration with the Bank of Canada, this research paper focuses on constructing analytical price index series for Canada, using the main owned accommodation measurement concepts proposed by the International Consumer Price Index Manual and adopted by other countries. This analysis explores these alternative treatments of owned accommodation in the Canadian context, examining their impact on the all-items Consumer Price Index. Additionally, it provides an explanation for the gap between perceived inflation and estimated inflation.Release date: 2024-03-28
- Articles and reports: 62F0014M2023008Description: An interactive timeline of the modernization of the CPI and related programs with dates, links, and summary of key developments.Release date: 2024-02-20
- Articles and reports: 62F0014M2023007Description: This article is an overview of the treatment of Shelter in the Canadian Consumer Price Index (CPI). It describes the concepts and methodologies related to the construction of that component and briefly discusses considerations to be taken into account when using the estimates.Release date: 2023-12-19
- Articles and reports: 62F0014M2023006Description: This article presents the data sources and methodology for the Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing Services Price Index (CIMERLSPI). The index measures changes in the prices for the commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing industry in Canada. It is used by businesses to monitor trends in this sector and to assess their performance. At Statistics Canada, the CIMERLSPI is used by the System of Macroeconomic Accounts to derive the real production value of the commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing industry.Release date: 2023-10-13
- Articles and reports: 62F0014M2023005Description: This article presents data sources and methodology for the For-hire Motor Carrier Freight Services Price Index (FHMCFSPI). The FHMCFSPI measures the monthly and quarterly change in the price of shipping services provided by trucking companies in Canada. The index is an important indicator of economic activity within the truck transportation industry, as well as a tool that can be utilized by the industry for cost monitoring, contract assessment and benchmark comparisons.Release date: 2023-08-31
- Articles and reports: 62F0014M2023004Description: This paper looks at how profitability has evolved for key Canadian industries from 2017 to 2022. A specific focus is given to the post-lockdown period between the second quarters of 2021 and 2022, during which year-over-year inflation exceeded the Bank of Canada’s inflation-control target range ceiling of 3%. In addition to industry-wide trends, energy and food sectors are analyzed given their day-to-day relevance for Canadians.Release date: 2023-07-27
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300700005Description: Increases in grocery prices have outpaced headline consumer inflation since late 2021. While the pace of food inflation has eased recently, prices for many grocery items continue to rise month after month. This article examines data from recent business and household surveys on how Canadians have been adjusting to higher food prices.Release date: 2023-07-26
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300600001Description: The Canadian Economic Tracker, released on May 16th 2023, is a new data visualization tool combining selected monthly indicators of economic activity from Statistics Canada’s Common Output Database Repository (CODR) into a unified, customizable interface. The Tracker includes six indicators: business openings and closures, employment and weekly earnings, job vacancies and vacancy rates, gross domestic product, the consumer price index, and the industrial product price index. Each data release for these series is automatically incorporated into the Tracker, ensuring that the statistics remain timely and up to date. This article is the first in a series which will uncover insights that can be collected from the Canadian Economic Tracker.Release date: 2023-06-28
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300600002Description: As a small open economy, Canada’s price level is vulnerable to external factors that affect import prices such as geopolitical risks, exchange rate variations, global supply constraints, etc. As a large portion of consumption and inputs used in production are imported, rise in import prices will push up consumption prices and production costs as well, and hence may lead to higher inflation. This article aims at examining to what extent the current high inflation in Canada is impacted by the rise in import prices, and then examining what drive the rise in import prices.Release date: 2023-06-28
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300600004Description: In the past two years, Canada has experienced inflation rates that have not been seen in the past two decades. The rise of markups, i.e., price over marginal cost, can be one of the potential drivers or amplifiers of inflation. This study uses firm-level data to estimate markups in Canada's pre- and post-COVID.Release date: 2023-06-28
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Journals and periodicals (4)
Journals and periodicals (4) ((4 results))
- Journals and periodicals: 62F0014MGeography: CanadaDescription: The Prices Analytical Series provides research and analysis pertaining to price indices. The Analytical series is intended to stimulate discussion on a variety of topics related to the analysis of the evolution of prices through time or space.Release date: 2024-03-28
- Journals and periodicals: 62-604-XDescription:
This paper surveys the history of Statistics Canada's Consumer Price Index (CPI) from its origins to today. It discusses changes in the construction, scope and uses of the CPI within the context of historical events.
Release date: 2015-02-06 - Journals and periodicals: 11-402-XGeography: CanadaDescription:
Presented in almanac style, the 2012 Canada Year Book contains more than 500 pages of tables, charts and succinct analytical articles on every major area of Statistics Canada's expertise. The Canada Year Book is the premier reference on the social and economic life of Canada and its citizens.
Release date: 2012-12-24 - 4. Canada E-Book ArchivedJournals and periodicals: 11-404-XGeography: CanadaDescription:
The Canada e-Book is an online version of the Canada Year Book with texts, tables, charts and audio clips that present the country's economic and social trends. The Canada e-Book illustrates Canada and Canadians under four broad headings: The Land, The People, The Economy, and The State. You will find a wealth of information on topics including the human imprint on the environment, population and demography, health, education, household and family life, labour force, arts and leisure, industries, finance, government and justice. All Canadians will enjoy this useful reference that helps explain the social, economic and cultural forces that shape our nation.
Release date: 2003-05-26
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