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All (401)

All (401) (50 to 60 of 401 results)

  • 51. Active Enterprises in Canada, 2019 Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2021082
    Description:

    The entrepreneurship indicator database provides data describing the dynamics of a subset of Canadian enterprises, such as the number of active enterprises with one or more employees, the number of high-growth enterprises, the number of births and deaths of active enterprises with one or more employees, the survival of newly created enterprises, and more.

    Release date: 2021-11-10
  • 52. Internet-use Typology of Canadians: Online Activities and Digital Skills
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2021008
    Description:

    A robust Internet typology is essential for monitoring how individuals are responding to the digital transformation and for assessing the divide between digital ‘haves’ and ‘have nots.’ Individuals’ capacities to use the Internet and digital technologies are an important aspect of this digital divide. Using data from the 2018 Canadian Internet Use Survey (CIUS), this study presents an Internet-use typology that is based on the range and complexity of online activities and digital skills that Canadians report they perform. Five Internet-user groups are identified.

    Release date: 2021-11-09
  • 53. Labour market outcomes of journeypersons designated as visible minorities
    Articles and reports: 81-595-M2021005
    Description:

    Using data from Statistics Canada's Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform, this study examines populations designated as visible minorities in the skilled trades. The labour market outcomes one year after certification of journeypersons designated as visible minorities, who received certificates in the skilled trades between 2008 and 2017, were compared with the outcomes of journeypersons who are not visible minorities.

    Release date: 2021-11-08
  • 54. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the skilled trades: Canada Emergency Response Benefit
    Articles and reports: 81-595-M2021006
    Description:

    The COVID-19 pandemic had large impacts on those in the skilled trades, as these jobs often require hands-on and close-proximity interactions. Using data from the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform, this study examines the pandemic's impacts by investigating the proportion of journeypersons who received the CERB among those who certified between 2008 and 2019. By examining the proportions across trades, geography and population groups, this study can provide further insight into how the pandemic affected those in the skilled trades and how the impacts were different across trades and groups.

    Release date: 2021-11-08
  • 55. Integrating Machine Learning into Coding of the 2021 Canadian Census Using fastText Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100010
    Description:

    As part of processing for the 2021 Canadian Census, the write-in responses to 31 census questions must be coded. Up until, and including, 2016, this was a three stage process, including an “interactive (human) coding” step as the second stage. This human coding step is both lengthy and expensive, spanning many months and requiring the hiring and training of a large number of temporary employees. With this in mind, for 2021, this stage was either augmented with or replaced entirely by machine learning models using the "fastText" algorithm. This presentation will discuss the implementation of this algorithm and the challenges and decisions taken along the way.

    Key Words: Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, fastText, Coding

    Release date: 2021-11-05
  • 56. Statistics Netherlands and AI Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100011
    Description: The ways in which AI may affect the world of official statistics are manifold and Statistics Netherlands (CBS) is actively exploring how it can use AI within its societal role. The paper describes a number of AI-related areas where CBS is currently active: use of AI for its own statistics production and statistical R&D, the development of a national AI monitor, the support of other government bodies with expertise on fair data and fair algorithms, data sharing under safe and secure conditions, and engaging in AI-related collaborations.

    Key Words: Artificial Intelligence; Official Statistics; Data Sharing; Fair Algorithms; AI monitoring; Collaboration.

    Release date: 2021-11-05
  • 57. Machine Learning Classifier Evaluation Criteria: application to price statistics Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100012
    Description: The modernization of price statistics by National Statistical Offices (NSO) such as Statistics Canada focuses on the adoption of alternative data sources that include the near-universe of all products sold in the country, a scale that requires machine learning classification of the data. The process of evaluating classifiers to select appropriate ones for production, as well as monitoring classifiers once in production, needs to be based on robust metrics to measure misclassification. As commonly utilized metrics, such as the Fß-score may not take into account key aspects applicable to prices statistics in all cases, such as unequal importance of categories, a careful consideration of the metric space is necessary to select appropriate methods to evaluate classifiers. This working paper provides insight on the metric space applicable to price statistics and proposes an operational framework to evaluate and monitor classifiers, focusing specifically on the needs of the Canadian Consumer Prices Index and demonstrating discussed metrics using a publicly available dataset.

    Key Words: Consumer price index; supervised classification; evaluation metrics; taxonomy

    Release date: 2021-11-05
  • 58. Need for Speed: Using fastText (Machine Learning) to Code the Labour Force Survey Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100013
    Description: Statistics Canada’s Labour Force Survey (LFS) plays a fundamental role in the mandate of Statistics Canada. The labour market information provided by the LFS is among the most timely and important measures of the Canadian economy’s overall performance. An integral part of the LFS monthly data processing is the coding of respondent’s industry according to the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS), occupation according to the National Occupational Classification System (NOC) and the Primary Class of Workers (PCOW). Each month, up to 20,000 records are coded manually. In 2020, Statistics Canada worked on developing Machine Learning models using fastText to code responses to the LFS questionnaire according to the three classifications mentioned previously. This article will provide an overview on the methodology developed and results obtained from a potential application of the use of fastText into the LFS coding process. 

    Key Words: Machine Learning; Labour Force Survey; Text classification; fastText.

    Release date: 2021-11-05
  • 59. Data science pipelines @ Istat: challenges and solutions Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100029
    Description:

    In line with the path taken by the European Statistical System, Istat is investing on innovative methods to harness Big Data sources and to use them for the production of new and enriched Official Statistics products. Big Data sources are not, in general, directly tractable with traditional statistical techniques, just think of specific data types such as images and texts that are examples of the Variety dimension of Big Data. This motivates and justifies the growing interest of National Statistical Institutes in data science techniques. Istat is currently using data science techniques, including machine learning techniques, in innovation projects and for the publication of experimental statistics. This paper will provide an overview of the main current projects by Istat and will focus on two specific Big Data-based production pipelines, related to the processing of respectively text sources and imagery sources. The paper will highlight the main challenges these two pipelines and the solutions put in place to solve them.

    Key Words: Machine Learning; Text Processing; Image Processing; Big Data

    Release date: 2021-11-05
  • 60. Education Indicators in Canada: Report of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program, November 2021 Archived
    Articles and reports: 81-582-X2021003
    Description: The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, and labour market outcomes. PCEIP products include tables, fact sheets, reports and a methodological handbook. They present indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.
    Release date: 2021-11-01
Stats in brief (145)

Stats in brief (145) (140 to 150 of 145 results)

  • 141. Changing occupations in Canada, 2005 to 2015: How men and women differ early in their career Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2021003
    Description:

    This infographic describes the main differences by gender in early career job mobility for young workers in Canada.

    Release date: 2021-01-27
  • 142. Snowmobile fatalities in Canada, 2013 to 2019 Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2021002
    Description: This is an infographic about snowmobiling deaths. The results shown are based on data from the Canadian Coroner and Medical Examiner Database and the Canadian Vital Statistics: Death Database.
    Release date: 2021-01-22
  • 143. How Canadians spent their money in 2019 Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2021006
    Description:

    This infographic highlights some of the results of the 2019 Survey of Household Spending. It shows how Canadian households allocated their spending to various categories of goods and services. It also presents average spending on principal accommodation in selected Canadian cities. Finally, it shows how Internet access, and cell phone and landline use have changed over time.

    Release date: 2021-01-22
  • 144. The impact of the pandemic on the solvency of corporations, third quarter 2020 Archived
    Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202100100001
    Description:

    This article examines the changes in the number of companies that filed under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act and the Corporations' Creditors Arrangement Act from 2006 to the third quarter of 2020. The analysis highlights the number of firms filing for creditor protection, as well as the financial position of these firms before the onset of the pandemic.

    Release date: 2021-01-18
  • 145. Crop Condition Assessment Program during the 2020 growing season Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2021001
    Description:

    Crop Condition Assessment Program is essential to provide timely and reliable information for management decisions on agricultural land conditions across Canada on a weekly basic. This infographic summarizes the 2020 crop growing season by showing the crop conditions when the vegetation growing indice is at his summit across Canada. It also emphasizes the availability of the data on multiple open platforms.

    Release date: 2021-01-12
Articles and reports (254)

Articles and reports (254) (60 to 70 of 254 results)

  • 61. Statistical Disclosure Control and Developments in Formal Privacy: In Memoriam to Chris Skinner Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100022
    Description:

    I provide an overview of the evolution of Statistical Disclosure Control (SDC) research over the last decades and how it has evolved to handle the data revolution with more formal definitions of privacy. I emphasize the many contributions by Chris Skinner in the research areas of SDC. I will review his seminal research, starting in the 1990’s with his work on the release of UK Census sample microdata. This led to a wide-range of research on measuring the risk of re-identification in survey microdata through probabilistic models. I also focus on other aspects of Chris’ research in SDC. Chris was the recipient of the 2019 Waksberg Award and sadly never got a chance to present his Waksberg Lecture at the Statistics Canada International Methodology Symposium. This paper follows the outline that Chris had prepared in preparation for that lecture, and provided to me by his son, Tom Skinner. Keywords: Risk of Re-identification, Data Revolution, Privacy Models, Differential Privacy

    Release date: 2021-10-22
  • 62. Empowering analysts to consider the ethics of their work: A case study of the UK Statistics Authority's data ethics framework Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100023
    Description:

    Our increasingly digital society provides multiple opportunities to maximise our use of data for the public good – using a range of sources, data types and technologies to enable us to better inform the public about social and economic matters and contribute to the effective development and evaluation of public policy. Ensuring use of data in ethically appropriate ways is an important enabler for realising the potential to use data for public good research and statistics. Earlier this year the UK Statistics Authority launched the Centre for Applied Data Ethics to provide applied data ethics services, advice, training and guidance to the analytical community across the United Kingdom. The Centre has developed a framework and portfolio of services to empower analysts to consider the ethics of their research quickly and easily, at the research design phase thus promoting a culture of ethics by design. This paper will provide an overview of this framework, the accompanying user support services and the impact of this work.

    Key words: Data ethics, data, research and statistics

    Release date: 2021-10-22
  • 63. The achievements, experiences and labour market outcomes of First Nations, Métis and Inuit women with bachelor's degrees or higher
    Articles and reports: 75-006-X202100100009
    Description:

    This study examines the educational attainment and labour market outcomes of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit women primarily aged 25 to 64 using data from the 2006 and 2016 Census of Population, the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey and the 2018 National Graduates Survey. Comparisons are made to the non-Indigenous population, across Indigenous-identity groups, and between the sexes.

    Release date: 2021-10-20
  • 64. Mortality among First Nations people, 2006 to 2016
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X202101000001
    Description:

    Despite extensive research on health disparities, a limited number of studies have examined First Nations people’s mortality on a national scale, particularly those examining specific causes of death. This analysis attempts to fill the information gap using linked mortality data from the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort to calculate the number and rates of deaths for a 10-year follow-up period for on- and off-reserve First Nations people and the non-Indigenous population, by sex, age and region.

    Release date: 2021-10-20
  • 65. Hypertension associated with hearing health problems among Canadian adults aged 19 to 79 years
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X202101000002
    Description:

    Hypertension is a common condition experienced by close to one-quarter of the adult population in Canada. There is evidence that this condition or the medications used to treat it may lead to hearing health problems. The purpose of this study is to quantify associations between hypertension and hearing health problems—defined as having hearing loss, tinnitus or both conditions for adults aged 19 to 79 years. Data from cycles 3 (2012 to 2013) and 4 (2014 to 2015) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey are used.

    Release date: 2021-10-20
  • 66. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Canadian seniors
    Articles and reports: 75-006-X202100100008
    Description:

    This article brings together research on the health, social and financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Canadian seniors aged 65 years and older. The results discussed are based on data from the Canadian Vital Statistics Death Database, Canadian Community Health Survey, Labour Force Survey, Canadian Perspectives Survey Series, and crowdsourcing data.

    Release date: 2021-10-18
  • 67. Survey Data Integration for Regression Analysis Using Model Calibration Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100001
    Description:

    We consider regression analysis in the context of data integration. To combine partial information from external sources, we employ the idea of model calibration which introduces a “working” reduced model based on the observed covariates. The working reduced model is not necessarily correctly specified but can be a useful device to incorporate the partial information from the external data. The actual implementation is based on a novel application of the empirical likelihood method. The proposed method is particularly attractive for combining information from several sources with different missing patterns. The proposed method is applied to a real data example combining survey data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and big data from National Health Insurance Sharing Service in Korea.

    Key Words: Big data; Empirical likelihood; Measurement error models; Missing covariates.

    Release date: 2021-10-15
  • 68. Responsible use of machine learning at Statistics Canada Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100002
    Description:

    A framework for the responsible use of machine learning processes has been developed at Statistics Canada. The framework includes guidelines for the responsible use of machine learning and a checklist, which are organized into four themes: respect for people, respect for data, sound methods, and sound application. All four themes work together to ensure the ethical use of both the algorithms and results of machine learning. The framework is anchored in a vision that seeks to create a modern workplace and provide direction and support to those who use machine learning techniques. It applies to all statistical programs and projects conducted by Statistics Canada that use machine learning algorithms. This includes supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms. The framework and associated guidelines will be presented first. The process of reviewing projects that use machine learning, i.e., how the framework is applied to Statistics Canada projects, will then be explained. Finally, future work to improve the framework will be described.

    Keywords: Responsible machine learning, explainability, ethics

    Release date: 2021-10-15
  • 69. Predicting transitions into and out of poverty using machine learning Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100003
    Description:

    The increasing size and richness of digital data allow for modeling more complex relationships and interactions, which is the strongpoint of machine learning. Here we applied gradient boosting to the Dutch system of social statistical datasets to estimate transition probabilities into and out of poverty. Individual estimates are reasonable, but the main advantages of the approach in combination with SHAP and global surrogate models are the simultaneous ranking of hundreds of features by their importance, detailed insight into their relationship with the transition probabilities, and the data-driven identification of subpopulations with relatively high and low transition probabilities. In addition, we decompose the difference in feature importance between general and subpopulation into a frequency and a feature effect. We caution for misinterpretation and discuss future directions.

    Key Words: Classification; Explainability; Gradient boosting; Life event; Risk factors; SHAP decomposition.

    Release date: 2021-10-15
  • 70. Bridging the gap between the displaced and in-demand occupations Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100004
    Description:

    With labour market uncertainty increasing across Canada, there is a need for innovative ways to help displaced workers to re-skill/up-skill and potentially pivot to in-demand occupations. In our study, we present a unique approach to bridge the gap between the displaced and in-demand occupations and provide a machine learning framework that may be able to forecast employment by NAICS for 6 months. We have combined the monthly employment data from Statistics Canada’s Survey of Employment and Payroll Hours, and the monthly job ads counts from Burning Glass to achieve our goal. Our approach consists of three steps: 1.        Finding the displaced occupations in Alberta over the last 7 years based on the integrated actual employment and job ads count data. Step. 2. Using the list of displaced occupations, a unique pivot graph is developed to map a displaced occupation to a list of in-demand occupations which have skills similar to the chosen displaced occupation. Step 3.  Applying SARIMA and SARIMAX models to forecast employment for 6 months. The above approaches are aimed at assisting public policy and planning

    Key Words: Employment; Labour Market; Job Ads; Skills; Time Series Analysis; Forecasting.

    Release date: 2021-10-15
Journals and periodicals (2)

Journals and periodicals (2) ((2 results))

  • 1. Health Fact Sheets
    Journals and periodicals: 82-625-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Health fact sheets will include short, focused, single-theme analysis documents. Over the course of the series, analysis will include topics on: Health conditions, lifestyle, well-being, disability, prevention and detection of disease, deaths, pregnancy and birth, health care services and environmental factors.

    Release date: 2021-10-27
  • 2. Report on the Demographic Situation in Canada
    Journals and periodicals: 91-209-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The Report on the Demographic Situation in Canada analyses recent demographic patterns at the national, provincial and subprovincial levels. Trends in population growth and the evolution of the various components of Canada's population growth - fertility, mortality and migration (interprovincial and international) - as well as marital status, are examined. The Report on the Demographic Situation in Canada has been published annually or biennially since 1985. Beginning in 2011, the Report is available as a dynamic, internet-only publication in order to provide the most recent data and analyses on Canadian demographics as soon as they are available.

    Release date: 2021-07-14
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