Data analysis

Results

All (289)

All (289) (0 to 10 of 289 results)

1. Quantitative impact analysis: A practical overview
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600500003
Description: This spotlight article outlines practical methods for assessing the economic impacts of public programs delivered by federal agencies and Crown corporations. It summarizes key steps in conducting quantitative impact analysis, including data linkage, cohort construction and implementation of quasi causal estimators.
Release date: 2026-05-27
2. Analytical Studies: Methods and References
Journals and periodicals: 11-633-X
Description: Papers in this series provide background discussions of the methods used to develop data for economic, health, and social analytical studies at Statistics Canada. They are intended to provide readers with information on the statistical methods, standards and definitions used to develop databases for research purposes. All papers in this series have undergone peer and institutional review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.
Release date: 2026-05-27
3. When and How to Use Area-Level Measures for Health Analysis: A Review and Recommendation Report
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2026001
Description: This report defines key concepts related to area-level analysis and introduces area-level measures developed and utilized at Statistics Canada for health analysis. It also provides a decision-making framework and practical recommendations to help researchers select appropriate methods. The goal is to guide readers on when area-level analysis is appropriate and what type of area-level measure is suitable to achieve research objectives.
Release date: 2026-03-05
4. Collinearity diagnostics in generalized linear models fitted with survey data
Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200004
Description: The class of generalized linear models (GLM) is a flexible generalization of ordinary least squares regression that allows the linear model to be related to the response variable via a link function and assumes the magnitude of the variance of each measurement to be a function of its predicted value. Multicollinearity in GLMs can inflate variances of the estimated coefficients and cause poor prediction in certain regions of the regression space. It may also cause a nonsignificant Wald statistic even when the predictors are highly predictive in a model of the family of GLMs. Little previous research has closely investigated the diagnostics of multicollinearity in GLMs, especially when complex survey data are used. In this paper, we develop variance inflation factors (VIFs) that measure the amount that the variance of a parameter estimator is increased due to multicollinearity in GLMs. We also extend VIFs and condition indexes to apply to complex survey data, accounting for design features, e.g. weights, clusters, and strata. Illustrations of these methods are given using data from a household survey of health and nutrition.
Release date: 2025-12-23
5. Fighting Misinformation
Stats in brief: 89-20-00062025001
Description: This video is designed to help you critically assess the data presented to you. No data is perfect. By understanding the strengths and limitations of the data, you can avoid being misled—and make smarter, more informed decisions.
Release date: 2025-12-15
6. Life in the FastText Lane: Harnessing Linear Programming Constrained Machine Learning for Classifications Revision Archived
Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100010
Description: Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey (LFS) plays an essential role in the estimation of labour market conditions in Canada. Periodically, LFS revises its data to the most recent industry and occupational classification versions. Differences in versions can be extensive, including high-level and unit-group structural changes, creations, deletions, split-offs and combination of classification units (classes). Historically, to reconcile split-off classes - where one class splits into multiple classes - a sample of LFS split-off records would be manually recoded to the new classification version. Based on the split-off proportion observed in the recoded sample, a random allocation method would be applied on all data to reflect the changing Canadian labour market over time. This article proposes using machine learning (fastText), constrained to split-off proportions using linear programming, to revise industry and occupation classifications in LFS. The hybrid framework benefits from a text-based revision mechanism while adhering to traditional proportions driven estimates, thus ensuring a minimal impact on the comparability of published labour market indicators.
Release date: 2025-09-08
7. Leveraging Statistics Canada data integration opportunities for program evaluation
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202500300002
Description: Government programs are evaluated to measure their effectiveness. This article discusses the benefits of using Statistics Canada data combined with the data collected from the government program to provide a far more comprehensive evaluation than program data alone can offer. The article also summarizes a recent example of a program evaluation that benefited from Statistics Canada data and the expertise of Statistics Canada researchers in analyzing the data.
Release date: 2025-03-26
8. Bayesian predictive inference of a finite population mean without specifying the relation between the study variable and the covariates
Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200004
Description: While we avoid specifying the parametric relationship between the study variable and covariates, we illustrate the advantage of including a spatial component to better account for the covariates in our models to make Bayesian predictive inference. We treat each unique covariate combination as an individual stratum, then we use small area estimation techniques to make inference about the finite population mean of the continuous response variable. The two spatial models used are the conditional autoregressive and simple conditional autoregressive models. We include the spatial effects by creating the adjacency matrix via the Mahalanobis distance between covariates. We also show how to incorporate survey weights into the spatial models when dealing with probability survey data. We compare the results of two non-spatial models including the Scott-Smith model and the Battese, Harter, and Fuller model to the spatial models. We illustrate the comparison between the aforementioned models with an application using BMI data from eight counties in California. Our goal is to have neighboring strata yield similar predictions, and to increase the difference between strata that are not neighbors. Ultimately, using the spatial models shows less global pooling compared to the non-spatial models, which was the desired outcome.
Release date: 2024-12-20
9. Robust adaptive survey design for time changes in mixed-mode response propensities
Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200005
Description: Adaptive survey designs (ASDs) tailor recruitment protocols to population subgroups that are relevant to a survey. In recent years, effective ASD optimization has been the topic of research and several applications. However, the performance of an optimized ASD over time is sensitive to time changes in response propensities. How adaptation strategies can adjust to such variation over time is not yet fully understood. In this paper, we propose a robust optimization approach in the context of sequential mixed-mode surveys employing Bayesian analysis. The approach is formulated as a mathematical programming problem that explicitly accounts for uncertainty due to time change. ASD decisions can then be made by considering time-dependent variation in conditional mode response propensities and between-mode correlations in response propensities. The approach is demonstrated using a case study: the 2014-2017 Dutch Health Survey. We evaluate the sensitivity of ASD performance to 1) the budget level and 2) the length of applicable historic time-series data. We find there is only a moderate dependence on the budget level and the dependence on historic data is moderated by the amount of seasonality during the year.
Release date: 2024-12-20
10. Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) Technical Report, 2023
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2024004
Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 40 years.
Release date: 2024-12-09

Data (2)

Data (2) ((2 results))

1. Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer Hub Archived
Data Visualization: 71-607-X2020010
Description: The Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer empowers users to discover geo enabled data holdings of Statistics Canada at various levels of geography including at the neighbourhood level. Users are able to visualize, thematically map, spatially explore and analyze, export and consume data in various formats. Users can also view the data superimposed on satellite imagery, topographic and street layers.
Release date: 2024-08-21
2. Housing Data Viewer Archived
Data Visualization: 71-607-X2019010
Description: The Housing Data Viewer is a visualization tool that allows users to explore Statistics Canada data on a map. Users can use the tool to navigate, compare and export data.
Release date: 2019-10-30

Analysis (256)

Analysis (256) (230 to 240 of 256 results)

231. Estimation of panel correlations for the Canadian Labour Force Survey Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000214529
Description:
The Canadian Labour Force Survey uses the rotation panel design. Every month, one sixth of the sample rotates and five sixths remain. Hence, under this rotation scheme, once a rotation panel enters in the sample, it stays 6 months in the sample before it rotates out. Because of this design feature and the way of selecting the rotate-in panel, the estimates based on the panels in the same or different months are correlated. The correlation between two panel estimates is called the panel correlation. Three kinds of panel correlations are defined in this paper: (1) the correlation (denoted by \rho) between estimates for the same characteristic based on the same panel in different months; (2) the correlation (denoted by \gamma) between estimates of the same characteristic based on geographically neighboring panels in different months; (3) the correlation (denoted by \tau) between estimates of different characteristics based on the same panel in the same or different months. This paper describes a methodology for estimating these panel correlations and presents estimated correlations for selected variables using 1980-81 and 1985-87 data with some discussion.
Release date: 1990-12-14
232. Spatial-temporal modelling of spatially aggregate birth data Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000214532
Description:
Births by census division are studied via graphs and maps for the province of Saskatchewan for the years 1986-87. The goal of the work is to see how births are related to time and geography by obtaining contour maps that display the birth phenomenon in a smooth fashion. A principal difficulty arising is that the data are aggregate. A secondary goal is to examine the extent to which the Poisson-lognormal can replace for data that are counts, the normal regression model for continuous variates. To this end a hierarchy of models for count-valued random variates are fit to the birth data by maximum likelihood. These models include: the simple Poisson, the Poisson with year and weekday effects and the Poisson-lognormal with year and weekday effects. The use of the Poisson-lognormal is motivated by the idea that important covariates are unavailable to include in the fitting. As the discussion indicates, the work is preliminary.
Release date: 1990-12-14
233. Recent trends in wages Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X19900044
Geography: Canada
Description:
For the first time in recent years, workers have seen their earnings rise more rapidly than consumer prices. The author describes a comparatively new fixed-weight earnings index and explains why it is superior for gauging the cost of labour.
Release date: 1990-11-27
234. Comments by Morris H. Hansen on papers in the Special section – History and emerging issues in censuses and surveys Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114561
Description:
This note by Morris H. Hansen presents a discussion of the four papers in the special section “History and emerging issues in censuses and surveys” by: i) J.N.K. Rao and D.R. Bellhouse, ii) S.E. Fienberg and J.M. Tanur, iii) B.A. Bailar, and iv) L. Kish.

Release date: 1990-06-15
235. History and development of the theoretical foundations of survey based estimation and analysis Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114560
Description:
Early developments in sampling theory and methods largely concentrated on efficient sampling designs and associated estimation techniques for population totals or means. More recently, the theoretical foundations of survey based estimation have also been critically examined, and formal frameworks for inference on totals or means have emerged. During the past 10 years or so, rapid progress has also been made in the development of methods for the analysis of survey data that take account of the complexity of the sampling design. The scope of this paper is restricted to an overview and appraisal of some of these developments.
Release date: 1990-06-15
236. Logistic regression under complex survey designs Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X198900214567
Description:
Estimation procedures for obtaining consistent estimators of the parameters of a generalized logistic function and of its asymptotic covariance matrix under complex survey designs are presented. A correction in the Taylor estimator of the covariance matrix is made to produce a positive definite covariance matrix. The correction also reduces the small sample bias. The estimation procedure is first presented for cluster sampling and then extended to more complex situations. A Monte Carlo study is conducted to examine the small sample properties of F-tests constructed from alternative covariance matrices. The maximum likelihood estimation method where the survey design is completely ignored is compared with the usual Taylor’s series expansion method and with the modified Taylor procedure.
Release date: 1989-12-15
237. Analysis of sample survey data involving categorical response variables: Methods and software Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X198900214569
Description:
During the past 10 years or so, rapid progress has been made in the development of statistical methods of analysing survey data that take account of the complexity of survey design. This progress has been particularly evident in the analysis of cross-classified count data. Developments in this area have included weighted least squares estimation of generalized linear models and associated Wald tests of goodness of fit and subhypotheses, corrections to standard chi-squared or likelihood ratio tests under loglinear models or logistic regression models involving a binary response variable, and jackknifed chisquared tests. This paper illustrates the use of various extensions of these methods on data from complex surveys. The method of Scott, Rao and Thomas (1989) for weighted regression involving singular covariance matrices is applied to data from the Canada Health Survey (1978-79). Methods for logistic regression models are extended to Box-Cox models involving power transformations of cell odds ratios, and their use is illustrated on data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey. Methods for testing equality of parameters in two logistic regression models, corresponding to two time points, are applied to data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey. Finally, a general class of polytomous response models is studied, and corrected chi-squared tests are applied to data from the Canada Health Survey (1978-79). Software to implement these methods using the SAS facilities on a main frame computer is briefly described.
Release date: 1989-12-15
238. A brief note on SQL Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X198800214583
Description:
This note portrays SQL, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses.
Release date: 1988-12-15
239. A cluster analysis of activities of daily living from the Canadian Health and Disability Survey Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X198600214447
Description:
The Canadian Health and Disability Survey, administered as a supplement to the Canadian Labour Force Survey in October 1983, collected data on potentially disabled persons by means of a screening questionnaire and a follow-up questionnaire for those screened-in. The data from the screening questionnaire, consisting of a set of activities of daily living, were used to group respondents according to identifiable characteristics. A description of the groups of respondents is provided along with an evaluation of the methods used in their determination. An incompletely ordered severity scale is proposed.
Release date: 1986-12-15
240. Analysis of categorical data from surveys with complex designs: Some Canadian experiences Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X198400214354
Description:
Goodness of fit tests, tests for independence in a two-way contingency table, log-linear models and logistic regression models are investigated in the context of samples which are obtained from complex survey designs. Suggested approximations to the null distributions are reviewed and some examples from the Canada Health Survey and Canadian Labour Force Survey are given. Software implementation for using these methods is briefly discussed.
Release date: 1984-12-14

Reference (26)

Reference (26) (0 to 10 of 26 results)

1. When and How to Use Area-Level Measures for Health Analysis: A Review and Recommendation Report
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2026001
Description: This report defines key concepts related to area-level analysis and introduces area-level measures developed and utilized at Statistics Canada for health analysis. It also provides a decision-making framework and practical recommendations to help researchers select appropriate methods. The goal is to guide readers on when area-level analysis is appropriate and what type of area-level measure is suitable to achieve research objectives.
Release date: 2026-03-05
2. Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) Technical Report, 2023
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2024004
Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 40 years.
Release date: 2024-12-09
3. Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) Technical Report, 2022
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2024001
Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years.
Release date: 2024-01-22
4. Agriculture–Population Linkage: Data quality report
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 32-26-0006
Description: This report provides data quality information pertaining to the Agriculture–Population Linkage, such as sources of error, matching process, response rates, imputation rates, sampling, weighting, disclosure control methods and data quality indicators.
Release date: 2023-08-25
5. Aggregated and derived income concepts and income statistics, 2021 Census of Population
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021011
Description: This video explains the key concepts of different levels of aggregation of income data such as household and family income; income concepts derived from key income variables such as adjusted income and equivalence scale; and statistics used for income data such as median and average income, quartiles, quintiles, deciles and percentiles.
Release date: 2023-03-29
6. Low-income concepts and statistics, 2021 Census of Population
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021012
Description: This video builds on concepts introduced in the other videos on income. It explains key low-income concepts - Market Basket Measure (MBM), Low income measure (LIM) and Low-income cut-offs (LICO) and the indicators associated with these concepts such as the low-income gap and the low-income ratio. These concepts are used in analysis of the economic well-being of the population.
Release date: 2023-03-29
7. Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) Technical Report, 2021
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2022009
Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years.

This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.
Release date: 2022-12-05
8. Painting a Portrait of Canada: The 2021 Census of Population
Notices and consultations: 98-26-0001
Description:
This white paper presents Statistics Canada’s planned approach to the 2021 Census of Population and provides a clear explanation of the processes behind the census program, touching on historical, legal, operational and content aspects. Statistics Canada recognizes that it is important to not only successfully conduct the census, but also to be transparent and informative about the way in which those efforts are accomplished. Painting a Portrait of Canada: The 2021 Census of Population gives readers an exclusive, detailed look at how census data is collected, analyzed and given back to Canadians, in the form of high-quality statistical information, used to make evidence-based decisions in Canadian society.
Release date: 2020-07-20
9. Using family-related variables from the Census of Population and the National Household Survey microdata files Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 91F0015M2016012
Description:
This article provides information on using family-related variables from the microdata files of Canada’s Census of Population. These files exist internally at Statistics Canada, in the Research Data Centres (RDCs), and as public-use microdata files (PUMFs). This article explains certain technical aspects of all three versions, including the creation of multi-level variables for analytical purposes.
Release date: 2016-12-22
10. The Data Warehouse and analytical tools to facilitate the integration of the Canadian Macroeconomic Accounts Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014710
Description:
The Data Warehouse has modernized the way the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts (MEA) are produced and analyzed today. Its continuing evolution facilitates the amounts and types of analytical work that is done within the MEA. It brings in the needed element of harmonization and confrontation as the macroeconomic accounts move toward full integration. The improvements in quality, transparency, and timeliness have strengthened the statistics that are being disseminated.
Release date: 2016-03-24

Date modified:: 2026-06-22

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