Science and technology

Percentage of enterprises that introduced product or process innovations with environmental benefits from production through efficient use of resources, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a three-year observation period. Benefits from production through efficient use of resources include improved resource efficiency through reduced material use per unit of output; improved resource efficiency through reduced energy use per unit of output; improved resource efficiency by replacing material with less greenhouse-gas-intensive alternatives; reduced consumption of resources through recycling (water, waste or material); and renewable fuels (ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biochar, hydrogen).

Percentage of enterprises that introduced product, process, organizational or marketing innovations with environmental benefits related to increased environmental protection activities and to the end user or consumer, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a three-year observation period. Benefits related to increased environmental protection activities include reduced air, water, soil or noise pollution; and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Benefits related to the end user or consumer include reduced energy use or increased energy efficiency for the end user or consumer; reduced material use or increased recycling for the end user or consumer; reduced air, water, soil or noise pollution for the end user or consumer; and reduced greenhouse gas emissions for the end user or consumer.

Percentage of enterprises that introduced product or process innovations that were new to one of their markets with environmental benefits from production through efficient use of resources, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a three-year observation period. Benefits from production through efficient use of resources include improved resource efficiency through reduced material use per unit of output; improved resource efficiency through reduced energy use per unit of output; improved resource efficiency by replacing material with less greenhouse-gas-intensive alternatives; reduced consumption of resources through recycling (water, waste or material); and renewable fuels (ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biochar, hydrogen).

Percentage of enterprises that introduced product, process, organizational or marketing innovations that were new to one of their markets with environmental benefits related to increased environmental protection activities and to the end user or consumer, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a three-year observation period. Benefits related to increased environmental protection activities include reduced air, water, soil or noise pollution; and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Benefits related to the end user or consumer include reduced energy use or increased energy efficiency for the end user or consumer; reduced material use or increased recycling for the end user or consumer; reduced air, water, soil or noise pollution for the end user or consumer; and reduced greenhouse gas emissions for the end user or consumer.

Percentage of enterprises that used specific types of advanced or emerging technologies, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a one-year observation period. Advanced technologies include material handling, supply chain or logistics technologies; design or information control technologies; processing or fabrication technologies; clean technologies; security or advanced authentication systems; business intelligence technologies; and other types of advanced technologies. Emerging technologies include nanotechnology, biotechnology, geomatics or geospatial technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), integrated Internet of Things (IoT) systems, blockchain technologies, and other types of emerging technologies.

Percentage of enterprises that did not adopt or use advanced technologies for specific reasons, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a one-year observation period. Reasons for not adopting or using advanced technologies include not convinced of economic benefit; difficulty in obtaining financing; high cost of advanced technologies; investment not necessary for continuing operations; lack of technical skills required to support this type of investment; organizational culture too inflexible; decisions made by parent, affiliates or subsidiary businesses; lack of technical support or services (from consultants or vendors); lack of information regarding advanced technology; difficulty in integrating new advanced technologies with existing systems, standards and processes; other reasons for not adopting or using advanced technologies; and adoption or use of advanced technologies not applicable to this business’s activities.

Percentage of enterprises where the use of clean technologies was related to environmental protection, sustainable resource management or adapted goods, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a one-year observation period. Environmental protection includes air and environment protection or remediation; waste management, reduction or recycling; and water or wastewater treatment. Sustainable resource management includes alternative fuels; non-emitting energy supply; bio-products; smart grid; energy storage; energy management and efficiency improvements; water management or recycling; agriculture, aquaculture, forestry or biodiversity improvements; and sustainable mining. Adapted goods include energy-efficient transportation, energy-efficient equipment or appliances, and advanced or lightweight materials.

Percentage of enterprises for which specific long-term strategies were the most important, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, over the next five years. The most important long-term strategies include main focus on good or service positioning, main focus on low-price and cost leadership, and good or service positioning and low-price and cost leadership are equally important.

Percentage of enterprises for which specific statements best described their strategic focus regarding goods or services (products), by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, over the next five years. Statements that best described enterprises’ strategic focus regarding goods or services (products) include maintain sales of existing goods or services, expand the sales of existing goods or services, introduce new or significantly improved goods or services regularly, and don’t know.

Percentage of enterprises that introduced product or process innovations with environmental benefits from production through efficient use of resources, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a three-year observation period. Benefits from production through efficient use of resources include improved resource efficiency through reduced material use per unit of output; improved resource efficiency through reduced energy use per unit of output; improved resource efficiency by replacing material with less greenhouse-gas-intensive alternatives; reduced consumption of resources through recycling (water, waste or material); and renewable fuels (ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biochar, hydrogen).

Percentage of enterprises that introduced product, process, organizational or marketing innovations with environmental benefits related to increased environmental protection activities and to the end user or consumer, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a three-year observation period. Benefits related to increased environmental protection activities include reduced air, water, soil or noise pollution; and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Benefits related to the end user or consumer include reduced energy use or increased energy efficiency for the end user or consumer; reduced material use or increased recycling for the end user or consumer; reduced air, water, soil or noise pollution for the end user or consumer; and reduced greenhouse gas emissions for the end user or consumer.

Percentage of enterprises that introduced product or process innovations that were new to one of their markets with environmental benefits from production through efficient use of resources, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a three-year observation period. Benefits from production through efficient use of resources include improved resource efficiency through reduced material use per unit of output; improved resource efficiency through reduced energy use per unit of output; improved resource efficiency by replacing material with less greenhouse-gas-intensive alternatives; reduced consumption of resources through recycling (water, waste or material); and renewable fuels (ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biochar, hydrogen).

Percentage of enterprises that introduced product, process, organizational or marketing innovations that were new to one of their markets with environmental benefits related to increased environmental protection activities and to the end user or consumer, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a three-year observation period. Benefits related to increased environmental protection activities include reduced air, water, soil or noise pollution; and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Benefits related to the end user or consumer include reduced energy use or increased energy efficiency for the end user or consumer; reduced material use or increased recycling for the end user or consumer; reduced air, water, soil or noise pollution for the end user or consumer; and reduced greenhouse gas emissions for the end user or consumer.

Percentage of enterprises that used specific types of advanced or emerging technologies, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a one-year observation period. Advanced technologies include material handling, supply chain or logistics technologies; design or information control technologies; processing or fabrication technologies; clean technologies; security or advanced authentication systems; business intelligence technologies; and other types of advanced technologies. Emerging technologies include nanotechnology, biotechnology, geomatics or geospatial technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), integrated Internet of Things (IoT) systems, blockchain technologies, and other types of emerging technologies.

Percentage of enterprises that did not adopt or use advanced technologies for specific reasons, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a one-year observation period. Reasons for not adopting or using advanced technologies include not convinced of economic benefit; difficulty in obtaining financing; high cost of advanced technologies; investment not necessary for continuing operations; lack of technical skills required to support this type of investment; organizational culture too inflexible; decisions made by parent, affiliates or subsidiary businesses; lack of technical support or services (from consultants or vendors); lack of information regarding advanced technology; difficulty in integrating new advanced technologies with existing systems, standards and processes; other reasons for not adopting or using advanced technologies; and adoption or use of advanced technologies not applicable to this business’s activities.

Percentage of enterprises where the use of clean technologies was related to environmental protection, sustainable resource management or adapted goods, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a one-year observation period. Environmental protection includes air and environment protection or remediation; waste management, reduction or recycling; and water or wastewater treatment. Sustainable resource management includes alternative fuels; non-emitting energy supply; bio-products; smart grid; energy storage; energy management and efficiency improvements; water management or recycling; agriculture, aquaculture, forestry or biodiversity improvements; and sustainable mining. Adapted goods include energy-efficient transportation, energy-efficient equipment or appliances, and advanced or lightweight materials.

Percentage of enterprises for which specific long-term strategies were the most important, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, over the next five years. The most important long-term strategies include main focus on good or service positioning, main focus on low-price and cost leadership, and good or service positioning and low-price and cost leadership are equally important.

Percentage of enterprises for which specific statements best described their strategic focus regarding goods or services (products), by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, over the next five years. Statements that best described enterprises’ strategic focus regarding goods or services (products) include maintain sales of existing goods or services, expand the sales of existing goods or services, introduce new or significantly improved goods or services regularly, and don’t know.

Percentage of enterprises for which specific statements best described their strategic focus regarding marketing practices or methods, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, over the next five years. Statements that best described enterprises’ strategic focus regarding marketing practices or methods include maintain current marketing practices or methods, intensify current marketing practices or methods, introduce new or significantly improved marketing practices or methods, and don’t know.

This infographic presents results from the Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy relating to the innovation rates of Canadian enterprises between 2015 and 2017. The innovation rates were measured for product, process, organizational and marketing innovation. Results are presented by region, economic activity and enterprise size.

This working paper profiles Canadian firms involved in the development and production of Bioproducts. It provides data on the number and types of Bioproducts firms in 2015, covering bioproducts revenues, research and development, use of biomass, patents, products, business practices and the impact of government regulations on the sector.

This Economic Insights article highlights notable changes in the pace and composition of industrial research and development (R&D) spending in Canada during the 2000-to-2013 period. The analysis is based on historical time series data that conclude with the publication of estimates for reference year 2013. New data on industrial R&D will be released in the coming months. These new survey results begin with estimates for reference year 2014 and reflect conceptual and methodological changes designed to enhance the scope and relevance of the program. Following the introduction of these changes, a study on the break in the time series will be conducted later in 2017. his article highlights trends in industrial R&D spending in advance of the upcoming release of the new data. The analysis underscores the extent to which support for higher R&D spending in more recent years has come from resource-based companies.

This paper asks whether research and development (R&D) drives the level of competitiveness required to successfully enter export markets and whether, in turn, participation in export markets increases R&D expenditures. Canadian non-exporters that subsequently entered export markets in the first decade of the 2000s are found to be not only larger and more productive, as has been reported for previous decades, but also more likely to have invested in R&D. Both extramural R&D expenditures (purchased from domestic and foreign suppliers) and intramural R&D expenditures (performed in-house) increase the ability of firms to penetrate export markets. Exporting also has a significant impact on subsequent R&D expenditures; exporters are more likely to start investing in R&D. Firms that began exporting increased the intensity of extramural R&D expenditures in the year in which exporting occurred.

This article provides information on women aged 25 to 64 in natural and applied science occupations in Canada (i.e. scientific occupations), using data from the 1991 and 2001 censuses and the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS). The employment conditions of men and women in these occupations are also examined, based on data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS).

The concordance table provides a link between CANSIM tables and the survey questions from the Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy (SIBS).

Summary of the technical workshop on Estimates of Research and Development in the Higher Education Sector (HERD), held in Ottawa on October 16, 2009. Data users and experts from universities and colleges, granting councils and provincial and federal government departments proposed general and detailed recommendations for the methodology applied in estimating the HERD.

The issue of biotechnology in agriculture has generated much debate. This activity is designed to help students better understand biological systems for producing materials and their advantages over synthetic systems.

This activity looks at the different ways in which technology is used on the farm.

This activity looks at changes in technology and how they affect the dairy industry.

This report focusses on new studies that analyse information and communications technology industries, science-based industries, high-technology industries and firms, the knowledge-based economy, and knowledge workers.

Statistics Canada's annual Economic Conference provides a forum for the exchange of empirical research among business, government, research and labour communities. The conference is also a means to promote economic and socio-economic analyses while subjecting existing data to critical assessment as part of an ongoing process of statistical development and review. This year's theme was Innovation in an Evolving Economy. At the May 6-7, 2002 conference there were 12 presentations, based directly on the analysis of Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division (SIEID) data. These presentations were given by SIEID analysts, by Statistics Canada analysts in other groups, by facilitated access researchers and by analysts using published or commissioned estimates.

The Quebec Institute of Statistics hosted a forum for Statistics Canada and provincial government experts dealing with the subject of science and technology statistics.

This paper describes the experiences, the issues and the expectations of the many different players involved in the implementation of document imaging for the Canadian Census of Agriculture.

Statistics Canada is engaged in a project "Information System for Science and Technology" which purpose is to develop useful indicators of activity and a framework to tie them together into a coherent picture of science and technology (S&T) in Canada. The Working papers series is used to publish results of the different initiatives conducted within this project. The produced data are related to the activities, linkages and outcomes of S&T. Several key areas are covered such as: innovation, technology diffusion, human resources in S&T and interrelations between different actors involved in S&T. This series also presents important data tabulations taken from regular surveys on R&D and S&T and made possible because of the existing Project.