Employment and unemployment

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As more women have joined the work force over the last twenty years, they have been entering traditionally male occupations. And to a lesser degree, men have been choosing careers in female-dominated occupations. This study looks at the extent of these moves into non-traditional occupations.

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In 1980, few people expected the depth of the 1981-1982 recessions or the strength of the subsequent recovery. Still, as we started the new decade, the unemployment rate stood at 7.5% and regional job disparities remained one of the most critical problems facing Canada. We offer a look back at the trends and fundamental changes that occurred in the labour market during the '80s.

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Many analysts see high technology industries as the way to a healthy and wealthy economy. This article reviews some of the concepts and definitions of high technology, selects one definition and examines the 1977 to 1986 employment and earnings dynamics in these industries.

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This study of 1982 graduates from Canadian universities and community colleges follows their fortunes in the labour market up to 1987. It compares the earnings of graduates in various disciplines and looks at their patterns of inter-provincial mobility.

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Calculating an unemployment rate based on unutilized hours offers a more complete measure of unemployment. It also results in a higher rate of unemployment. This study provides a look at what else this measure can tell us.

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In the average week of 1988, over a half a million people worked at two or more jobs. This study shows that some groups of workers - the young, the self-employed - are especially disposed to moonlighting. Family circumstances, hours of work and earnings between single and multiple jobholders are examined.

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There were nearly 400,000 disabled workers in Canada in 1986 - less than a third of working age Canadians with a disability. What are the characteristics of disabled workers? This study compares disabled workers with the non-disabled in the work force and with disabled persons outside of the work force.

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Immigrant workers are over-represented in "product fabricating" occupations, which include, for example, garment workers and mechanics. This profile of immigrants in fabricating jobs looks at age, education, period of immigration and knowledge of English or French. It also compared the employment income of immigrant and non-immigrant workers in product fabricating occupations.

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Unemployment estimates from the Labour Force Survey, source of the official unemployment rate, are quite different from counts of the number of Unemployment Insurance beneficiaries. This piece reviews the conceptual differences between the two data sources and quantifies many of the factors that create the discrepancies.

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Employment growth moderated considerably this year, and shifted its focus westward: more than half the growth occurred in British Columbia. An up-to-date look at labour market developments in the first six months of 1989.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment), unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver census metropolitan areas, last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by economic region, last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by economic region, last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of employees by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), province and economic region, last 5 months.

Description: Labour force characteristic estimates by age group, sex, family age composition, province, and family type, last 5 months.

Description: Labour force characteristic estimates by detailed Indigenous group, region, age group, and sex.

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment), and unemployment rate, by National Occupational Classification (NOC) and sex, last 5 months.

Description: Number of multiple jobholders by National Occupational Classification (NOC), sex and age group, last 5 months.

Description: Number of employees by census metropolitan areas and National Occupational Classification (NOC), three-month moving average, unadjusted for seasonality.

Description: Number of employees by province, economic region and National Occupational Classification (NOC), last 5 months.

Description: Indigenous Peoples are an integral part of the farm population and have been contributing to the agricultural landscape of what is now Canada for many centuries before the arrival of settlers. This article provides a socioeconomic portrait of the Indigenous farm population, touching on population changes, gender, age, education, type of farming activity and income.

Description: Several factors may have contributed to the improved labour market outcomes for recent immigrants since the mid-2010s, such as the expansion of the two-step immigration selection process and the introduction of the Express Entry system in 2015. This article presents updated analyses regarding the employment and earnings outcomes of recent immigrants. It also discusses factors that might influence these outcomes in the near term.

Description: Using a database that integrates anonymized data from the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) with data from the 2016 Census, the 2021 Census and the T1 Family File (T1FF), this article will examine demographic characteristics of Indigenous graduates at the bachelor level, as well as certain job quality indicators, such as annual employment income level, unionization rate and pension plan coverage rate, at the beginning of their career, that is two years after graduating.

Description: From 2010 to 2019, the Labour Force Survey (LFS) response rate – or the proportion of selected households who complete an LFS interview – had been on a slow downward trend, due to a range of social and technological changes which have made it more challenging to contact selected households and to persuade Canadians to participate when they are contacted. These factors were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in the suspension of face-to-face interviewing between April 2020 and fall 2022. Statistics Canada is committed to restoring LFS response rates to the greatest extent possible. This technical paper discusses two initiatives that are underway to ensure that the LFS estimates continue to provide an accurate and representative portrait of the Canadian labour market.

Description: In recent years, foreign workers have become an important source of labour in the accommodation and food services industry in Canada. This study examines the characteristics of temporary foreign workers with lower-skill occupations who had their first Canadian employment in the accommodation and food services industry from 2000 to 2020, as well as their cumulative rates of transition to permanent residency and retention in that industry. This study also compares these outcomes with those of temporary foreign workers with higher-skill occupations and study permit holders employed in the industry.

Description: In 2013, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada introduced a new refugee resettlement category called the Blended Visa Office-Referred Program. This admission stream combined the core principles of IRCC’s Government-Assisted Refugees program and the Private Sponsorship of Refugees program. This study asks two questions. First, what are the economic outcomes of BVOR refugees who have been admitted to Canada since 2013? Second, how do these outcomes compare with those of other resettled refugees who were admitted through the GAR and Private Sponsorship of Refugees programs?

Description: The COVID-19 pandemic has put a spotlight on the roles played by temporary foreign workers with lower-skill occupations in the food manufacturing sector, and concerns have been raised about whether they have sufficient pathways to become permanent residents and whether they stay in the sector after obtaining their permanent residency. This study focuses on these workers and examines their transition to permanent residency and their industrial retention after immigration.

Description: Investing in a postsecondary education is one of the most important decisions made by people over their lifetime. Understanding the potential outcomes associated with specific postsecondary academic programs may help inform young people, but most of the available information focuses on earnings. While important, earnings say little about what postsecondary graduates are likely to do in their career, which may factor heavily in their decision-making process. This article presents the most prevalent jobs held by graduates of Canadian bachelor’s degree programs aged 25 to 34 using the 2021 Census of Population.

Description: Different industrial sectors depend on temporary foreign workers (TFWs) to varying degrees because of unique levels of labour shortages and specific skill requirements. Analyzing the role of TFWs across industrial sectors in Canada provides empirical evidence to inform the formulation of policies and strategies that support the needs of Canadian businesses and the well-being of TFWs. This article uses linked administrative data to analyze the distribution of TFWs across industries and their proportion in the workforce within each industry from 2010 to 2020.

Description: This infographic looks at trends in women's self-employment in Canada, as well as the occupational and demographic characteristics of self-employment among women.

Description: The Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat and Statistics Canada are partnering to administer the 2022/2023 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES). This public service-wide survey is designed to provide information to support the continuous improvement of people management practices in the federal public service.

Description: The purpose of the survey is to obtain a profile of members of the compensation community in the Human Resources community of the federal public service.

Description: The two primary objectives of the General Social Survey (GSS) are: to gather data on social trends in order to monitor changes in the living conditions and well being of Canadians over time; and to provide information on specific social policy issues of current or emerging interest. This survey monitored changes in education, work and retirement, and examined the relationships between these three main activities.

Description: The purpose of the Federal Jurisdiction Workplace Survey is to produce statistical information on the characteristics of workplaces under federal labour jurisdiction.

Description: The primary objective of the survey is to obtain the views of all Security Intelligence Review Committee (SIRC) employees about their workplace. The information will allow managers and employees to initiate concrete actions in the agency, and compare their results with the rest of the Public Service.

Description: The primary objective of the survey is to obtain the views of all National Energy Board (NEB) employees about their workplace. The information will allow managers and employees to initiate concrete actions in the agency, and compare their results with the rest of the Public Service.

Description: The primary objective of the survey is to obtain the views of all Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) employees about their workplace. The information will allow managers and employees to initiate concrete actions in the agency, and compare their results with the rest of the Public Service.

Description: The primary objective of the survey is to obtain the views of all Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) employees about their workplace. The information will allow managers and employees to initiate concrete actions in the agency, and compare their results with the rest of the Public Service.

Description: The survey is sponsored by the Office of the Official Language Commissioner (OCOL). As part of its mandate, the OCOL reviews the use of both official languages in federal institutions. The evaluation is done for employees in a minority situation (i.e., English in Quebec and French in New Brunswick and in bilingual areas of Ontario).

Description: The primary objective of the survey is to obtain the views of all Indian Claims Commission (ICC) employees about their workplace.