Immigration and ethnocultural diversity

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by immigrant status and age group, last 5 months.

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Labour force characteristic estimates by visible minority group, age group, and sex.

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Labour force characteristic estimates by visible minority group, region, age group, and sex.

Description: This thematic series groups different statistical products related to ethnicity, languages, and immigration. It features analytical documents of varying scopes, such as population profiles, reference materials, data products (including tables and factsheets), among other document types.

Description: Using Census data from 1996 to 2021, this infographic provides data trends on the size of the Latin American immigrant population in Canada, as well as data on admission categories, disaggregated by countries of birth and by Census year.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: The focus of this portrait is the analysis of the sociodemographic, linguistic, ethnocultural, and religious diversity of the Black populations in Canada. Using Census of Population data (1996 to 2021) and data from the 2011 National Household Survey, the paper explores the evolution of the Black populations in Canada and their composition in 2021. An intersectional perspective is used to explore the interactions between multiple diversity measures. By examining the main characteristics of the Black populations born in Canada, the Caribbean and Africa, this analytical portrait demonstrates that there is not one, but many diverse Black populations in Canada.

Description: As the number of temporary foreign workers increases and more of these workers transition to permanent residency in Canada, provinces and territories—especially those with smaller populations—have been actively targeting foreign workers through immigration programs such as the Provincial Nominee Program as a strategy to attract and retain new immigrants. This article examines the geographic retention of permanent residents who previously worked in Canada on work permits for work purposes and became landed immigrants from 2011 to 2020.

Description: Amid growing concerns in Canada over housing affordability, questions have arisen about non-permanent residents’ experience in the Canadian rental market. This study uses data from the 2021 Census of Population to examine whether international students and temporary foreign workers face higher rental costs than the Canadian-born population (non-immigrants) and longer-term immigrants (those who were admitted more than five years preceding the census year). It also explores the factors contributing to disparities in rental expenses among these groups.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

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This table details non-permanent residents by place of birth and sex.

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This table details population by place of birth and age groups.

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This table details immigrant population by place of birth and sex, showing period of immigration.

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This table details immigrant population by place of birth and sex, showing age at immigration.

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This table details non-permanent residents by place of birth and sex.

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The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs and income.

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The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs and income.

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The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs and income.

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The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part A provides basic demographic, mother tongue, dwelling, household and family data collected from all households, that is, on a 100% basis. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs and income.

Description: Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, this infographic examines the prevalence of low income among persons in one-parent families with an immigrant parent. This infographic explores the prevalence of low income among persons in one-parent families according to the parent’s admission category and racialized group, as well as the presence of young children in the family.

Description: Studies on Gender and Intersecting Identities brings together and analyzes a wide range of important issues related to gender, age, sexuality, disability, ethnocultural characteristics and other intersecting identities. Through a Gender-based Analysis Plus (GBA+) lens, these studies will enrich Canadians' understanding of how gender and other identity factors affect the social, economic and financial participation and status of diverse groups of Canadians.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Based on data from the 2017 General Social Survey on family, this article examines the timing and risk of dissolution of first unions in Canada. This is a comparative analysis by sex and landed immigrant status which focuses on people who were aged 20 and over at the time of the survey and who had already been in a couple, marriage or common-law union, at least once.

Description: Immigrant-owned businesses were more likely to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic than other businesses, as they were more concentrated in industries requiring in-person contact and were smaller in scale. To support businesses affected by the pandemic, the Government of Canada launched various COVID-19 liquidity support programs, including the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS), the Canada Emergency Commercial Rent Assistance (CECRA), the Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy (CERS) and the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA). These programs were designed to help affected businesses by partially covering their main expenses, such as wages, rent and property expenses.

Description: This infographic focuses on sports participation, based on data from the Survey Series on People and their Communities - Sport, Workplace Culture, Political Engagement and Shared Values collected from May to July 2023. The infographic presents data for the population aged 15 years and older on sport participation rates, the most popular sports, barriers to sport participation and reasons to participate in sports. This project falls under the Disaggregated Data Action Plan (DDAP) and aims to showcase data on sports participation among racialized individuals and immigrants.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Becoming a citizen can bring benefits to both immigrants and receiving countries. For instance, obtaining citizenship grants immigrants the right to vote and allows them to have political influence. Additionally, it can enhance immigrants’ economic opportunities. This article examines the trends in citizenship rates among recent immigrants who have been in Canada for five to nine years, based on census data from 1991 to 2021. It also examines the possible impact of COVID-19 on the most recent trend in citizenship rates.

Description: Given the large differences in educational attainment observed across non-Indigenous population groups in Canada, understanding when these differences emerge and what may explain them is an important first step in informing policy discussions on the issue. Using the British Columbia kindergarten to Grade 12 dataset, the Postsecondary Student Information System, the 2016 Census of Population, and the T1 Family File tax data, this study follows several cohorts of Grade 9 students in British Columbia over time to explore differences between population groups, by gender, in the probability and timing of high school graduation and enrolment in academic postsecondary programs.

Description: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted several issues among health care workers in Canada’s long-term care and seniors’ (LTCS) homes, including labour shortages, staff retention difficulties, overcrowding, and precarious working conditions. There is currently a lack of information on the health, well-being, and working conditions of health care workers in LTCS homes—many of them immigrants—and a limited understanding of the relationship between them. Using data from the 2021 Survey on Health Care Workers’ Experiences During the Pandemic, this paper examines differences between immigrant and non-immigrant workers’ health outcomes and precarious working conditions during the pandemic.

Description: This document presents a complete list of the social inclusion indicators for ethnocultural groups in Canada that are available on the homepage of our Gender, Diversity and Inclusion Statistics Hub. The information provided for each indicator includes a short description of the corresponding derivation, available data sources, reference years and accessible levels of geographical and disaggregation. Each indicator has a corresponding products number (data tables, visualization tools and analytical documents). This document has been updated to reflect the social inclusion indicators and associated products that are available in 2024.

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This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret place of birth, generation status, citizenship and immigration data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description: This document presents a complete list of the social inclusion indicators for ethnocultural groups in Canada that are available on the homepage of our Gender, Diversity and Inclusion Statistics Hub. The information provided for each indicator includes a short description of the corresponding derivation, available data sources and reference years, and accessible levels of geographical disaggregation. Each indicator has various corresponding products (data tables, visualization tools and analytical documents).

Description: This video is designed to give you a basic understanding of the Place of birth, Citizenship and Immigration concepts as well as the importance of collecting data on these topics. You will also learn about other derived concepts such as generation status, immigration status, admissions category, applicant type, year of immigration, age at immigration, year of arrival, pre-admission experience and province or territory of intended destination. Data on these are used to evaluate policies and programs and compare social and economic conditions of immigrants over time.

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This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret visible minority and population group data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

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This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret ethnic or cultural origin data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description: This video is designed to provide you with a basic understanding of ethnic or cultural origin, population group, visible minority and religion concepts. It defines each of these concepts and explains the importance of this data in painting a picture of Canada's multicultural communities.

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The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years. The IMDB includes Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) administrative records which contain exhaustive information about immigrants who were admitted to Canada since 1952. It also includes data about non-permanent residents who have been issued temporary resident permits since 1980. This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.

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The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years. The IMDB includes Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) administrative records which contain exhaustive information about immigrants who were admitted to Canada since 1952. It also includes data about non-permanent residents who have been issued temporary resident permits since 1980. This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.

The IMDB was released in stages. The sections 2.2 and 7 of this report were revised to take the updates into account.

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This fact sheet offers a concise overview of updated—new or modified—content for the 2021 Census of Population that is specific to the theme of immigration, ethnocultural diversity and languages in Canada, which includes the following topics: immigration and citizenship, place of birth of person/parents, ethnic or cultural origins, population groups, religion, language, and minority language educational rights. The changes considered for these topics are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2021.