Economic accounts

Description:

This paper discusses in detail issues dealing with the technical aspects of designing and conducting surveys. It is intended for an audience of survey methodologists.

This paper proposes a method for short-term estimation of labour input indicators using administrative data from the Social Security Database (SSD). The rationale for developing this methodology originated from the need for national statistical offices to meet the standard quality criteria in the Regulation no. 1165/98 of the European Community concerning short-term business statistics. Information requested in the Regulation involves such a detailed disaggregation that it would be impossible to meet all the requirements through direct data collection. Administrative data, because of their timeliness and detailed coverage, represent a valuable source for obtaining estimates of business population aggregates that meet such quality requirements.

Description:

The latest annual results for the US/Canada purchasing power parities (PPPs) and real expenditures per head in the US compared with Canada are published in this paper. The data were developed for the period 1992 to 2001, using the latest US and Canada expenditure data from the National Accounts and price comparisons for 1999. The paper contains summaries of differences between the results of the multilateral (OECD) study and the Statistics Canada bilateral study. Some differences in classifications have been incorporated, as well as normal national Accounts revisions. Ten tables are presented in an Appendix for 21 categories of expenditure for the GDP.

Description:

A number of changes related to Licenses and Registration, Farm Inventories, Land Transfer Taxes, Spectrum Charges and Trade have been incorporated into the Provincial Economic Accounts. These changes have been incorporated into the affected series back to 1981 and are consistent with those changes which have been incorporated in the National Income and Expenditure Accounts since May 31, 2002.

Description:

A number of changes related to Licenses and Registration, Farm Inventories, Land Transfer Taxes, Spectrum Charges and Trade have been incorporated into the Provincial Economic Accounts. These changes have been incorporated into the affected series back to 1981 and are consistent with those changes which have been incorporated in the National Income and Expenditure Accounts since May 31, 2002.

Description: The measurement of the economic impact of tourism has attracted increasing world-wide interest in the past few years. The development of a national Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) in Canada (1994), as well as a set of current quarterly indicators (1996), was a result of a demand for this information. Statistics Canada has now taken the analysis of tourism a step further with the development of the Provincial and Territorial Tourism Satellite Accounts (PTTSA).

The development of these accounts has come primarily at the request of the tourism community in Canada. The new regional accounts increase the analytical capability and further the understanding of tourism across Canada. The PTTSA are designed to measure the importance of tourism in terms of expenditures, gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. The concepts and methods used in the PTTSA generally follow the set of international TSA guidelines adopted by the United Nations Statistical Commission and strictly adhere to the principles of the System of National Accounts (SNA).

As a separate or satellite accounts, the PTTSA explicitly defines the tourism industry within the national accounts statistical system and measures its economic contribution to the economy. With their foundation in the framework of the Canadian SNA, the PTTSA allows for a comparison of tourism with other industries within a province or territory as well as showing the relative importance of tourism among provinces and territories. A tourism satellite account also provides the statistical basis for the development of tourism impact models. Thus, the PTTSA can contribute to government policy-making and business decisions concerning tourism.

This document discusses the concepts and definitions used, and it highlights the results of the PTTSA by region for the reference year 1996. The appendices include an overview of the methodology and data sources; the detailed tables showing tourism expenditures and GDP, as well as employment for each region; a list of tourism industries and commodities; and a glossary.

If this information interests you, you will find similar technical papers under Catalogue no. 13-604-MIE /MIB, Income and Expenditure Accounts Technical series.

Description:

The measurement of the economic impact of tourism has attracted increasing world-wide interest in the past few years. The development of a national Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) in Canada (1994), as well as a set of current quarterly indicators (1996), was a result of a demand for this information. Statistics Canada has now taken the analysis of tourism a step further with the development of the Provincial and Territorial Tourism Satellite Accounts (PTTSA).

The development of these accounts has come primarily at the request of the tourism community in Canada. The new regional accounts increase the analytical capability and further the understanding of tourism across Canada. The PTTSA are designed to measure the importance of tourism in terms of expenditures, gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. The concepts and methods used in the PTTSA generally follow the set of international TSA guidelines adopted by the United Nations Statistical Commission and strictly adhere to the principles of the System of National Accounts (SNA).

As separate or satellite accounts, the PTTSA explicitly define the tourism industry within the national accounts statistical system and measure its economic contribution to the economy. With their foundation in the framework of the Canadian SNA, the PTTSA allow for a comparison of tourism with other industries within a province or territory, as well as showing the relative importance of tourism among provinces and territories. A tourism satellite account also provides the statistical basis for the development of tourism impact models. Thus, the PTTSA can contribute to government policy-making and business decisions concerning tourism.

This document discusses the concepts and definitions used, and it highlights the results of the PTTSA by region for the reference year 1996. The appendices include an overview of the methodology and data sources; the detailed tables showing tourism expenditures and GDP, as well as employment for each region; a list of tourism industries and commodities; and a glossary.

Description:

The networked economy involves economic and social actors and the links that tie them together. The information and communication technologies that provide the links are changing, as are the electronic products that they deliver. This requires the statistical office to introduce new surveys and to develop and use relevant industrial and product classifications. As technology changes, so does the way of doing business and trade in a global economy, with implications for statistics on labour, balance of payments and prices, and, more generally for the whole System of National Accounts. While the networked economy is the way of the future, there are people and businesses that cannot participate fully and there is a need for statistical information about them. This paper looks at these issues, at the statistics that are being developed, and at some of the gaps that are arising.

Description:

As of January 31, 2002 the monthly GDP by industry estimates will include Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) series. Three new aggregation series for the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) sector and its manufacturing and services components are available back to January 1997 on CANSIM II.

Description:

This study examines provincial differences in productivity (GDP per job) using decomposition and regression analysis. In the first stage of the study, the relative size of productivity differences across provinces is examined. Then, these differences are decomposed into two components - the first is the portion of the difference that arises from industry-mix, and the second is due to "real" productivity differences at the industry level. The paper also examines the contributions of the "new" and "old" economy sectors to differences in provincial productivity. Finally, regression analysis is performed in order to determine the statistical significance of interprovincial productivity differences. The paper finds that British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario and Quebec do not differ significantly from another in terms of GDP per job after differences in industry mix are considered. Manitoba and the Atlantic Provinces lag behind the others. Most of the difference in the latter two cases stems from "real" differences at the industry level rather than from the effect of differences in industry mix. The Natural Resources sector plays an important role in bolstering the performance of Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Description:

In 1999, Canada's travel account balance (including passenger fares), the difference between the expenditures of foreign visitors in the country and those of Canadian residents outside the country, measured its lowest deficit since 1988, declining to $3.0 billion.

Description:

The symmetric industry by industry input-output tables show inter-industry transactions, that is, all purchases of an industry from all other industries as well as expenditures on imports and the components of value added such as wages and gross operating surplus. Similarly, the symmetric final demand tables show all purchases by each final demand category from all industries as well as expenditures on imports. The symmetric input-output tables are analytically derived from the industry by product supply and use tables.

Description: The infrastructure economic accounts represents a set of statistical statements that record the economic, social and environmental impacts related to the production and use of infrastructure in Canada and each province and territory. The infrastructure economic accounts are organized using a statistical framework that outlines the concepts, classification systems and methods required to construct the accounts. This statistical framework is consistent with the Canadian system of national accounts, Canadian government finance statistics and Canada's balance of payments. This consistency permits users to analyze the infrastructure related statistical statements in the context of economy wide measures such as investment, gross domestic product (GDP), national income and wealth.

Description: Infrastructure is the physical structures and systems that support the production of goods and services and their delivery to and consumption by governments, businesses and citizens. The industry undertaking that infrastructure investment is also presented. Accumulating investment flows over time produces an estimate of the stock of infrastructure assets. The perpetual inventory method is used as it estimates a value of the net stock of fixed assets in existence and in the hands of producers which is generally based on estimating how many of the fixed assets installed, as a result of investment undertaken in previous years, have survived to the current period. The depreciation of that stock is calculated using the geometric method with asset specific depreciation profiles.

Description: The economic contribution as a result of the production of infrastructure assets due to investment is presented for valued added (GDP), compensation of employees and number of jobs. Value-added is a key measure of economic performance. It represents the output of an industry minus the value of intermediate inputs that were used up in the production of the goods and services. Within the Infrastructure Economic Accounts, this is the value added due to an industry's production of infrastructure assets. The number of jobs represents the number of jobs held by the self-employed, employees and unpaid family workers. The compensation of employees represents the wages and salaries, and supplementary labour income due to labour inputs for the production of infrastructure assets.

Description: The average age of investment is the weighted age of all investments remaining in the gross stock at year end. The remaining useful life, which is the difference between the average age of the investment spending and their expected service life, is then divided by the expected service life, creating a ratio that indicates the percentage of the asset class that remains.

Description: Expansion of the Infrastructure Economic Accounts focusing on the environmental aspect to aid in understanding the relationship between investment in infrastructure and the environment. Main indicators include greenhouse gas emissions as a result of production of infrastructure assets, greenhouse gas emissions per value-added, and clean input proportion.

Description: Quarterly national balance sheet, financial flows, and other changes in assets accounts data presented in a from-whom-to whom basis for selected financial instruments.

Description:

Debt service ratios, interest and obligated principal payments on debt, and related statistics for households, Canada.

Description: Quarterly other changes in assets account data, for the household, non-profit institutions serving households, corporations, general governments and non-resident sectors, as well as the total of all sectors by category.

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General government gross domestic and foreign debt, and financial liabilities by category, quarterly.

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This chapter measures the effect of modifying the standard productivity growth framework to remove the effects of economies of scale.

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This article presents the results of the reconciliation of the bilateral current account estimates of Canada and the United States for 1998 and 1999.

Description:

This publication describes the statistical system used to produce Canada's balance of international payments and international investment position. Each of the accounts of these two statements is described in terms of concepts, data sources, methods and products. The Canadian practice is related to international standards. The publication concludes with a discusion of future challenges to maintain and enhance this statistical system. An extensive glossary is included. Some historical perspective is provided, notably in the Appendices where a summary of time series is provided along with a chronology of events that affected Canada's external sector over the last half of the XXth century. A description of the foundation of statistics is essential to help users in assessing the quality of data.

Description:

This study uses data to study differences in labour productivity gains across domestic and foreign-controlled establishments in the manufacturing sector for the period 1973 to 1993. In doing so, it also examines the extent to which labour productivity differences exist between small and large establishments and across industry sectors and how they have been changing over time.

The analysis consists of three parts. In the first section, the connection between labour usage and output is examined. This analysis investigates differences in marginal labour propensities for the different subgroups in the short and long-run. Here volatility is seen to be lower for foreign-controlled establishments. The second section examines the difference between the growth in average labour productivity for the same groups. Here foreign-controlled establishments are seen to have the highest growth rates. The third section investigates whether any trend can be found in the rates of growth for large and small, domestic and foreign establishments and finds that these differences have been increasing over time.

Description:

The recent increase in exports' share of GDP has been exceptional. Imports have mirrored the trend in exports, with trade across the U.S. border being the driving force for both. Using Statistics Canada's Input-Output tables, this article explores the issue of some goods moving back and forth across the border at various stages of processing. (Adapted from an article in Canadian Economic Observer published in November 1999).

Description:

Recent economic trends, including expanding globalization of trade (as evidenced by new trade agreements), volatility in market exchange rates, and greater interest in international comparisons of real income and productivity are generating increased interest in intercountry comparisons. These comparisons are made in real terms derived from purchasing power parities (PPPs). In Canada, a particularly important relationship with the United States focusses attention on US/Canada comparative price and volume measures. This article includes updated annual bilateral volume indexes of real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and its components for the United States, compared with Canada, and the associated PPPs.

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This paper looks at the feasibility of providing estimates of foreign direct investment by province.

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This paper provides a reconciliation of the current account of the balance of payments for Canada and the United States to reflect how the estimates would appear if both countries used common definitions, methodologies and data sources.

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The purpose of this paper is to outline the results of preliminary research into the use of a potentially new economic indicator for Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - railway carloadings.

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This article presents the results of the reconciliation of the bilateral current account estimates of Canada and the United States for 1996 and 1997.

Description:

Under any degree of inflation, high or low, the values of changes in inventories (VPC) is generally different when it is calculated at the quarterly interval and the four quarters are aggregated into a year compared with its calculation done at the yearly interval. It is argued in this paper that it is an inherent problem as one of the basic axioms of annual accounts is violated, namely, the assumption of price homogeneity over an accounting period.

Description:

This publication provides a description of the data sources and methods used to compile the input-output tables at constant prices. It includes a brief description of the accounting framework, an overview of the methods used for the major components of the tables and an outline of the techniques applied to each group of goods and services. It also distinguishes between the derivation of the gross domestic product by industry for the business sector and that of the non-business sector. Finally, it discusses some of the critical contemporary issues that are being addressed at the time of writing.

Description:

With the release of the first quarter 2000 of the National Income and Expenditure Accounts the sectoring of federal and provincial government, non-autonomous pension plans has changed. These pension plans are now part of the personal sector. Previously these plans were included in either the federal or provincial government sector accounts.

Description:

This paper deals with a problem in internationally comparable economic statistics, namely, the fact that countries measure value added by industry differently. The economic measure, value added, is important both in its own right and because it is a component of other economic measures such as productivity. Value added by industry measures the additional value created by a production process. This additional value, created by factors of production such as labour and capital, may be calculated either before or after deducting the consumption of fixed capital used in production. Thus, gross value added by industry is the value of its output of goods and services less the value of its intermediate consumption of goods and services and net value added as the value of output less the values of both intermediate consumption and consumption of fixed capital.

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A major revision of the Provincial Economic Accounts (PEA) was published at the time of the official release. The revision covered the time period 1992 to 1997 and brought the PEA in line with the National Economic and Financial Accounts (NEFA) published early in March.

Description:

The 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA) was implemented in Canada in November 1997 and all national accounts series - annual, quarterly and monthly, both at current and constant prices - were revised back to 1961. There were changes in classification of sectors and transactions, concepts and methodology. As well, we removed the statistical breaks in earlier series that arose due to our revision policy. In the spring of every year, we revise, if necessary, our national accounts series for the latest four years. Statistical breaks for earlier periods are removed only at the time of historical revisions, such as the one done in November 1997. This was the fifth and the most comprehensive historical revision of the Canadian SNA series since 1961, the earlier ones were done in the late 1960s, the late 1970s, in 1985 and in 1990. As our historical revisions have been done almost every decade, and more frequently since the 1980s, statistical breaks in the Canadian system have remained only for a short period.

Description:

This report examines the 1997 Canadian System of National Accounts (CSNA) and highlights the remaining differences from the 1993 SNA, thus providing a better understanding of the Canadian System vis-à-vis that of other countries. Our occasional departures from the 1993 SNA guidelines are primarily prompted by pragmatic considerations, such as institutional structure, statistical data sources, availability of resources and their cost-effective use.

Description:

The changes made in this historical revision elaborate on the changes, over one hundred in all, made in the accounts. This paper updates an earlier report issued in August 1996 in several ways: decisions which did not involve any change in the accounts were pruned out; several new issues were added and many decisions were rewritten.

Description:

This report presents the changes made to one of the most important series, the current price gross domestic product (GDP). It includes 13 tables, one for each of the following topics:

personal expenditure on consumer goods and services;government current expenditure on goods and services; gross fixed capital formation, residential structures;gross fixed capital formation, non-residential structures;gross fixed capital formation, machinery and equipment;exports and imports of goods and services;wages, salaries and supplementary labour income; net income of unincorporated business; indirect taxes;subsidies; current price GDP expenditure; current price GDP income; and GDP changes, significant Items.

Description:

A historical revision of the National Economic and Financial Accounts was published on December 12, 1997. This historical revision had three goals.