Economic accounts

Description: The papers published in the Analysis in Brief analytical series shed light on current economic issues. Aimed at a general audience, they cover a wide range of topics including National Accounts, business enterprises, trade, transportation, agriculture, the environment, manufacturing, science and technology, services, etc.

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Monthly credit aggregates for the household sector, by category.

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Monthly credit aggregates for the private non-financial corporations sector, by category.

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Monthly credit aggregates for the assets of the financial corporation sector, by category.

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Selected credit estimates including loans and debt securities and other financial instruments by creditor (lender) and debtor (borrower) sectors, seasonally adjusted and non-seasonally adjusted.

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Transactions in securities of private non-financial corporations, including net transactions, gross issuances and gross redemptions for debt and equity securities.

Description: The symmetric industry by industry input-output tables show inter-industry transactions, that is, all purchases of an industry from all other industries as well as expenditures on imports and the components of value added such as wages and gross operating surplus. Similarly, the symmetric final demand tables show all purchases by each final demand category from all industries as well as expenditures on imports. The symmetric input-output tables are analytically derived from the industry by product supply and use tables. The tables are available at the Detail level and at the Link 1997, Link 1961 and Summary aggregations.

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The symmetric industry by industry input-output tables show inter-industry transactions, that is, all purchases of an industry from all other industries as well as expenditures on imports and the components of value added such as wages and gross operating surplus. Similarly, the symmetric final demand tables show all purchases by each final demand category from all industries as well as expenditures on imports. The symmetric input-output tables are analytically derived from the industry by product supply and use tables.

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The symmetric industry by industry input-output tables show inter-industry transactions, that is, all purchases of an industry from all other industries as well as expenditures on imports and the components of value added such as wages and gross operating surplus. Similarly, the symmetric final demand tables show all purchases by each final demand category from all industries as well as expenditures on imports. The symmetric input-output tables are analytically derived from the industry by product supply and use tables.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

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Monthly credit aggregates for the household sector, by category.

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Monthly credit aggregates for the private non-financial corporations sector, by category.

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Monthly credit aggregates for the assets of the financial corporation sector, by category.

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Selected credit estimates including loans and debt securities and other financial instruments by creditor (lender) and debtor (borrower) sectors, seasonally adjusted and non-seasonally adjusted.

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Transactions in securities of private non-financial corporations, including net transactions, gross issuances and gross redemptions for debt and equity securities.

Description: The symmetric industry by industry input-output tables show inter-industry transactions, that is, all purchases of an industry from all other industries as well as expenditures on imports and the components of value added such as wages and gross operating surplus. Similarly, the symmetric final demand tables show all purchases by each final demand category from all industries as well as expenditures on imports. The symmetric input-output tables are analytically derived from the industry by product supply and use tables. The tables are available at the Detail level and at the Link 1997, Link 1961 and Summary aggregations.

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The symmetric industry by industry input-output tables show inter-industry transactions, that is, all purchases of an industry from all other industries as well as expenditures on imports and the components of value added such as wages and gross operating surplus. Similarly, the symmetric final demand tables show all purchases by each final demand category from all industries as well as expenditures on imports. The symmetric input-output tables are analytically derived from the industry by product supply and use tables.

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The symmetric industry by industry input-output tables show inter-industry transactions, that is, all purchases of an industry from all other industries as well as expenditures on imports and the components of value added such as wages and gross operating surplus. Similarly, the symmetric final demand tables show all purchases by each final demand category from all industries as well as expenditures on imports. The symmetric input-output tables are analytically derived from the industry by product supply and use tables.

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Canada's international transactions in securities cover portfolio transactions in Canadian and foreign securities. Monthly data on sales, purchases and net flows are available by type of instrument and issuer.

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Canada's international transactions in securities cover portfolio transactions in Canadian and foreign securities. Quarterly data on sales, purchases and net flows are available by type of instrument and issuer.

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Following normal practice, the annual revision of the National Economic and Financial Accounts has been carried out and the revised estimates have been released along with those for the first quarter of 1995. This annual revision of the different parts of the System of National Accounts is an integrated process, with revised estimates of the Income and Expenditure Accounts, Financial Flow Accounts and the Balance of International Payments being released simultaneously. Corresponding revisions to the monthly estimates of gross domestic product (GDP), by industry and to the Input-Output Accounts at current and constant prices will be completed in August.

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When productivity increases in a sector, does it mean employment growth? This article explores the question and introduces a new concept: multifactor productivity.

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There has been growing interest in recent years about the scope of tourism in Canada. In response to this demand for information, Statistics Canada has developed a Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) which provides some answers to questions such as: Which industries constitute 'the tourism industry'? What are the industry's gross domestic product (GDP) and employment rates? And what is the extent of tourism-related expenditures?

This article reports on the research that Statistics Canada has undertaken as part of an ongoing examination of the tourism industry.

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This (1994) paper considers four alternative definitions of the underground economy and examines the available evidence about its size. Statistics Canada believes the underground economy is far smaller than the money demand studies have suggested.

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Revised estimates of the Income and Expenditure Accounts (IEA) covering 1990 to 1993 have been released along with the estimates for the first quarter of 1994. These revised estimates reflect the most current source data and seasonal patterns. The annual revision of the different parts of the System of National Accounts is an integrated process. Revised estimates of two other parts of the system, the Balance of International Payments and Financial Flow Accounts, have been released simultaneously. Corresponding revisions to the monthly estimates of the gross domestic product (GDP), by industry and to the Input-Output Accounts at current and constant prices will be available at the end of August.

The first section of this paper reviews the current revisions to the GDP and the main aggregates. The second section analyses the revision patterns of selected income and expenditure aggregates of the GDP over the period 1980 to 1993. For further information on sources, methods and definitions employed in the IE A, refer to the Guide to the Income and Expenditure Accounts, Catalogue no. 13-603E, no. 1.

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This article presents the first results from a study of the value of household work (VHW) in Canada for 1992. The study, the fourth of its kind, is part of continuing efforts to extend measures of production both within and outside Statistics Canada's System of National Accounts. A more in-depth report on the study is currently being prepared.

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Revised estimates of the Income and Expenditure Accounts covering 1989 to 1992 have been released along with the estimates for the first quarter of 1993. These revised estimates reflect the most current source data and seasonal patterns. The annual revision of the different parts of the System of the National Accounts is an integrated process. As such, revised estimates of two other parts of the system -- the Balance of International Payments and Financial Flow Accounts -- have been released simultaneously. Corresponding revisions to the monthly estimates of Gross Domestic Product by Industry and to the Input-Output Accounts at current and constant prices are also available.

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This article introduces two new tables showing volume indexes of real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and its components for Canada compared with the United States and the associated purchasing power parities (PPPs). These international comparisons of real expenditures based on PPPs are considered to be a major addition to the tools available for macroeconomic analysis. For example, the recent publication by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) of a set of estimates of different countries' output using PPPs has changed the view of the share of world output that comes from the industrialized countries compared with the developing economies.

An analysis based on PPPs, rather than a more conventional one based on exchange rates, has significantly changed the relative measures of output of countries. Comparisons based on exchange rates are unlikely to fully take into account the differences in price levels between countries (i.e., the goods and services that can be purchased in one country's currency compared with another's). Moreover, services are not generally traded in the way that goods are, so their prices in different countries tend not to be related in a way that parallels the currency exchange rate. If aggregate output is to be properly compared across countries, PPPs become more and more important as the size of the service sector grows.

Economic theory would suggest that for internationally traded domestically produced goods and services, PPPs and exchange rates will tend to equalize in the long run. Exchange rates, however, can fluctuate widely in short periods and are affected by expectations and factors such as deficits, wars, fuel shortages and interest rates. With the calculation of PPPs, actual price level differences can be identified. Such measures are also much more stable over time.

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The interview discusses Canada's transition from an industrial to an information economy.

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Has recovery begun? An up-to-date look at labour market developments in the first six months of 1991.

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About once every five years, the System of National Accounts (SNA) is rebased to keep up with the evolution of prices in the economy. In other words, its aggregates at constant prices are recalculated in terms of the prices of a more recent time. Also, the System is revamped about once a decade to introduce new accounting conventions, improved methods of estimation and revised statistical classifications. These revisions will change the gross domestic product (GDP) of the past 70 years. Both types of revision are presently underway, with their results scheduled for release next year.

This article takes an advance look at the likely effect of rebasing the SNA on the record of growth since 1992. It presents the results of an approximate rebasing of the expenditure-based GDP of the quarterly National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA).

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The International System of National Accounts 1993 (1993 SNA) was prepared and published under the auspices of the Inter-secretariat Working Group on National Accounts. This working group consists of the Statistical Office of the European Communities, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development, the Statistical Division and regional commissions of the United Nations Secretariat, and the World Bank. The adoption of this document for universal implementation was unanimously recommended to the United Nations Economic and Social Council by its Statistical Commission at the 27th session, held in New York from February 22 to March 3, 1993. The plan for implementing the 1993 SNA system, however, does not seem to be as well organized as its production was.

Very detailed comments have been made on this document in two papers entitled 'The 1993 International System of National Accounts vis-à-vis The Canadian System of National Accounts,' and 'The 1993 International System of National Accounts and the Canadian Input-Output Tables.' In a summary fashion, the present paper highlights certain important areas where the Canadian System of National Accounts (CSNA) will need to revise its practices to conform to the 1993 SNA. The reader is encouraged to refer to these two papers for further details.

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One of the most significant financial market trends is the increased use of derivative instruments. Across the entire investment spectrum, from private investors to major banks and large institutional fund managers, the use of derivative products is becoming encompassing. Derivatives can be broadly defined as secondary assets, the value of which changes in concert with price movements of a related or underlying primary asset. These instruments may be divided into four broad categories: futures, forwards, options and swaps. Trading on established exchanges, and very active in over-the-counter markets, derivative contracts have become fundamental tools in both domestic and international finance.

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The Income and Expenditure Accounts (IEA) are structured in terms of four economic or institutional sectors, and transactors are grouped into homogeneous categories that play distinct roles in the economy. The Personal sector is concerned with individuals in their capacity as final consumers and as suppliers of labour. The Government sector centres on transactions by public authorities as they relate to taxation and public expenditure. The Profit-motivated Business sector consists of transactors producing goods and services for financial gain. The Non-resident sector shows all transactions taking place between resident economic agents and the rest of the world. Classifying transactors by similar motivation and behaviour into these broad groups is a useful tool that helps analyse the major players in the economy, their functions and interrelationships.

The purpose of this paper is to develop quarterly estimates of gross domestic product (GDP) at factor cost in both current and constant prices for each of the institutional sectors within the IEA framework. The estimates of that will be shown, of the GDP, by sector, do not constitute a full production account, but nonetheless provide a measure of aggregate productive activity by sector of origin. They complement and extend the sector tables already available in the Income and Expenditure Accounts.

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This paper reports the results of a survey of national Income and Expenditure Accounts (IEA) release date practices as reported by national statistical bureaus. This international survey was conducted by the author between January and March 1993 by means of a questionnaire mailed to statisticians of several countries.

Respondents to the survey were asked on what date their preliminary IEA estimates for each of the four quarters of the 1991 calendar year were officially released. They were also asked to indicate the dates on which each of the subsequent four revised sets of estimates were released. To avoid the possibility of unwarranted generalizations from a single year's experience, respondents were asked whether 1991 was a typical year or if there were special circumstances that affected the release dates in this particular period. Finally, general information was sought on each country's official revision policy.

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Currently, one measure of real gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices is published by Statistics Canada. It is a fixed weighted index, and the weights are from the base year, 1986. In the first quarter of 1990, alternate formulations of real GDP were reviewed in an article released in this publication. One of the alternatives discussed in the article was the Chain Volume Indexes.

The purpose of this article was to introduce a new set of indexes into the Income and Expenditure Accounts. The indexes include quarterly re-weighted Chain Volume Indexes and annually re-weighted Chain Volume Indexes of GDP, excluding the value of physical change in inventories.

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The Canadian System of National Accounts (CSNA) has evolved considerably over the past four decades. This article presents a brief account of the relationship between this system, as it stands today, and the international standard for national accounting, which has been established by the United Nations. The major similarities and differences between the two systems are highlighted. The paper then goes on to briefly summarize the present state of discussions concerning revisions to the international SNA standard.

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Gross domestic product (GDP) is a key measure in the System of National Accounts, as well as an indispensable tool for economic analysis. This variable is available in current dollars or, in other words, expressed in the prices of the period to which each estimate applies. Two distinct parts exist within this current dollar measure: a volume component and a price component. This article focusses on the measure of GDP which expresses the volume of transactions in the economy (i.e., GDP expressed in real terms).

Description: The quarterly program of the Canadian Productivity Accounts (CPA) produces, on a timely basis, data on labour productivity and related variables such as output, employment, hours worked, labour compensation and unit labour cost.

Description: The annual provincial program of Canadian Productivity Accounts (CPA) produces annual data on jobs, hours worked, labour compensation and a variety of related variables, such as labour productivity and unit labour cost by province and territory.