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  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2008020
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Considerable research effort has been devoted to understanding earnings differences between immigrant and Canadian-born workers. Previous studies have established that immigrants typically earn less than Canadian-born workers with the same amount of education and work experience. The low earnings of immigrants are often attributed to the specificity of human capital to the country where it originates - in other words, education or work experience in the country of origin cannot be directly transferred to the host country, resulting in well qualified immigrants holding low paying jobs. Another possibility is that employers in the host country discriminate against immigrants. This paper uses data from the Canadian component of the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS), which includes both standard demographic and labour market information for the Canadian born and immigrants and results from tests of literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills, to investigate these issues. Interpreting the test scores as direct measurements of cognitive skills, the authors provide a closer examination of explanations for low immigrant earnings than has previously been possible. In addition, the data include more precise information on where education was obtained and age of migration than is available in most previous studies, further enabling scrutiny of immigrant-Canadian born earnings differentials.

    Release date: 2008-07-21

  • Articles and reports: 81-004-X200800210644
    Description:

    This article provides information on employer-sponsored training in Canada. It examines the reasons for participating in adult education and training, the labour force status of participants, the impact of job and workplace characteristics on adult learning and the relationship between skills match-mismatch and participation in adult learning. The findings summarized here are based on analysis of data from the 1994 International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS), undertaken in 1994, and the international Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL), undertaken in 2003 ((the Canadian component is called the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS)). The analysis is provided from an international perspective, with the situation in Canada being compared to that of three other countries - Norway, Switzerland and the United States.

    Release date: 2008-06-16

  • Articles and reports: 81-004-X200800110560
    Description:

    Research has shown that in a knowledge-based economy and society, economic opportunities and active participation in the broader society are increasingly linked to an individual's ability to command and control his or her own life. It is this context that makes the distribution of adult learning across the population of such importance.

    Canada has had a long interest in better understanding the distribution of adult literacy and learning across population sub-groups. Canada participated in the first round of data collection in the International Adult Literacy Survey (ALL) in 1994. Canada was also a lead country in the international Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL) in 2003 ((the Canadian component is called the International Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS)).

    The data collected by these surveys provide a wealth of information on the characteristics of adult learners and have generated a number of research studies. This article presents some of the key findings of a recent report that provides detailed information on the characteristics of adult learners in Canada, including the links between participation in adult education and training and literacy skill levels, education, family background and age.

    Release date: 2008-04-29

  • Articles and reports: 81-590-X2007001
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a collaborative effort among member countries of the OECD, designed to assess, on a regular basis, the achievement of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematical and scientific literacy through a common international test. This report provides results from the PISA 2006 assessment of student performance in science, reading and mathematics at the provincial level, and compares the achievement of Canadian students to that of students internationally. PISA 2006 has a special focus on science. Over fifty countries participated in PISA 2006, including all 30 OECD countries. About 22,000 15-year-olds from more than 1,000 schools took part in Canada.

    Release date: 2008-03-14

  • Articles and reports: 81-004-X200700610528
    Description:

    In a recent study, David Green and Craig Riddell investigate the distribution of literacy skills in the Canadian-born population and how those skills are generated. They also investigate the nature of literacy generation in the years after individuals have left formal schooling and are in the labour market, and the relationship between literacy and income. This article summarizes the results of their research. The data sources for the analysis are the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS 1994) and the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS 2003). The focus of the research is on literacy generation in the Canadian economy. As a result, anyone born outside of Canada is excluded from the analysis in order to focus attention on the Canadian educational system. Information on Aboriginal peoples was also excluded from this analysis, being reserved for a separate report.

    Release date: 2008-02-25

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2008019
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Using data from the International Survey of Reading Skills, this report identifies the reading profiles of different groups of adult Canadians with low literacy skills, examines in depth their reading abilities, and describes their varied literacy learning needs. The new insights offered will inform the development of more targeted literacy policies and will be useful to both researchers and practitioners in designing and delivering appropriate and effective reading instruction programs for Canadian adults.

    Release date: 2008-01-09

  • Articles and reports: 81-004-X200700510500
    Description:

    Until very recently, reliable data on the literacy of Aboriginal people in Canada have been scarce. The 2003 International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS) collected data from large enough samples of Aboriginal people living in urban areas in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, as well as Aboriginal people living in selected communities in the territories, to answer key questions about the literacy proficiency of these populations. The off-reserve Aboriginal population in Manitoba and Saskatchewan is comprised of significant proportions of individuals who self-identify as First Nations and Métis. The IALSS background questionnaire allows researchers to make distinctions on the basis of self-reported Aboriginal identity group.

    This report uses data from the 2003 International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey to provide a profile of the level and distribution of adult literacy among the off-reserve First Nations and Métis populations residing in urban areas in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Literacy profiles are provided for males and females, for different age groups and by educational attainment. Finally, the article examines the literacy profiles of the employed and unemployed sub-groups within these populations.

    Release date: 2008-01-07

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2007018
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study examines the distribution of literacy skills in the Canadian economy and the ways in which they are generated. In large part, the generation of literacy skills has to do with formal schooling and parental inputs into their children's education. The nature of literacy generation in the years after individuals have left formal schooling and are in the labour market is also investigated. Once the core facts about literacy in the economy have been established, the study turns to examining the impact of increased literacy on individual earnings. Both the causal impact of literacy on earnings and the joint distribution of literacy and income are explored. The authors argue that the latter provides a more complete measure of how well an individual is able to function in society.

    The study focuses mainly on data from the Canadian component of the 2003 International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS), composed of a sample of over 22,000 respondents. The Canadian component of the 1994 International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) is also used in order to obtain a more complete picture of how literacy changes with age and across birth cohorts.

    Release date: 2007-11-30

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2007017
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study provides comparative estimates of participation in adult education and training courses and programmes, duration of studies, engagement in informal learning and sources of direct financial support, based on results of the 2003 International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS), the Canadian component of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills study. It also examines levels of inequality in adult learning and reasons for participating in adult education and training, including the role of labour force status and job and workplace characteristics. Finally, it presents a review of the relationship between actual skill use and participation in both organized and informal forms of adult learning. Comparisons are made between Canadian provinces and territories and three selected countries, namely Norway, Switzerland and the United States.

    Release date: 2007-10-12

  • Articles and reports: 75-001-X200710313184
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The effects of literacy and numeracy skills on the employability and incomes of high school dropouts are compared with those of graduates. Regression analysis based on the demographic characteristics and family backgrounds of early school leavers indicates that increasing proficiency in literacy and numeracy significantly improves the probability of being employed, the number of hours worked, and income.

    Release date: 2007-06-19
Data (5)

Data (5) ((5 results))

  • Table: 81-582-X
    Description: The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, and labour market outcomes.

    PCEIP products include tables, fact sheets, reports and a methodological handbook. They present indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time.

    The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

    Release date: 2024-03-28

  • Public use microdata: 89M0016X
    Description:

    This product, offered on CD-ROM, contains the public microdata for the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey.

    The Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL) is a large-scale co-operative effort undertaken in 2003, 2006 and 2008 by governments, national statistics agencies, research institutions and multi-lateral agencies. The ALL study builds on the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS),the world's first internationally comparative survey of adult skills undertaken in three rounds of data collection between 1994 and 1998.

    The foundation skills measured in the ALL survey include prose literacy, document literacy, numeracy and problem solving. Additional skills assessed indirectly include familiarity with and use of information and communication technologies.

    The development and management of the study were co-ordinated by Statistics Canada and the Educational Testing Service (ETS) in collaboration with the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) of the United States Department of Education, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (OREALC) and the Institute for Statistics (UIS) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).

    This dataset is composed of seven countries or regions that collected data in 2003. They include Bermuda, Canada, Italy, Norway, Switzerland, the United States and the Mexican State of Nuevo Leon. Additionally data is included for three other countries that collected data in 2006 and 2008 which are Hungary, Netherlands, and New Zealand.

    Release date: 2013-11-14

  • Public use microdata: 89M0022X
    Description:

    This product, offered on CD-ROM, contains the Canadian public microdata for the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS). IALSS is the Canadian component of the Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (ALL).

    The Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL) is a large-scale co-operative effort undertaken in 2003 by governments, national statistics agencies, research institutions and multi-lateral agencies. The ALL study builds on the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS), the world's first internationally comparative survey of adult skills undertaken in three rounds of data collection between 1994 and 1998.

    The foundation skills measured in the ALL survey include prose literacy, document literacy, numeracy, and problem solving. Additional skills assessed indirectly include familiarity with and use of information and communication technologies.

    The development and management of the study were co-ordinated by Statistics Canada and the Educational Testing Service (ETS) in collaboration with the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) of the United States Department of Education, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (OREALC) and the Institute for Statistics (UIS) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).

    Release date: 2013-11-14

  • Public use microdata: 89-555-X2013002
    Description:

    The public use microdata file (PUMF) from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) provides data on three skills that are essential to processing information: literacy, numeracy, and problem-solving in technology-rich environments (referred to as PS-TRE). Data are based on interviews with approximately 27,000 respondents, which allows for reliable estimation at the national, provincial and territorial level.

    The file provides information about the literacy, numeracy and PS-TRE skills for the Canadian population aged 16 to 65. It provides results for Canada as a whole, as well as for all the provinces and territories. In addition, it provides skills proficiency information and a range of socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, level of education) across the entire Canadian population. It also provides information on the literacy, numeracy and PS-TRE skills of Aboriginal populations, immigrants, and official-language minority communities.

    Release date: 2013-10-18

  • Table: 81-590-X2010001
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This report provides the first pan-Canadian results of the PISA 2009 assessment of reading, mathematics and science by presenting the national and provincial results in order to complement the information presented in the PISA 2009 International report. Results are compared to other participating countries and across Canadian provinces. Chapter 1 provides information on the performance of Canadian 15-year-old students on the PISA 2009 assessment in reading. Chapter 2 presents results on the performance of Canada and the provinces in the minor domains of mathematics and science. Finally, the major findings and opportunities for further study are discussed in the conclusion.

    Release date: 2010-12-07
Analysis (53)

Analysis (53) (0 to 10 of 53 results)

  • Articles and reports: 42-28-0001202100100003
    Description:

    This chapter provides a broad overview of the education situation of Canadian youth. It focuses on the general level of education for young Canadians, as well as on which groups are driving the rise in educational attainment. The chapter also examines the literacy and numeracy skills of young Canadians and how they compare with their counterparts in other OECD countries. Finally, it looks at some of the costs and benefits of a postsecondary education in Canada, including how such an education has been rewarded in the labour market.

    Release date: 2021-10-04

  • Stats in brief: 11-627-M2020018
    Description:

    "Canada's Poverty Reduction Strategy" introduces the Official Poverty Line for Canada with a dashboard of 12 Indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households. This infographic presents detailed data comparisons and trend information as of February 2020 for the following indicators: deep income poverty; unmet housing needs and chronic homelessness; unmet health needs; food insecurity; relative low income; bottom 40% income share; youth engagement; literacy and numeracy; median hourly wage; average poverty gap; asset resilience; and poverty entry and exit rates.

    Release date: 2020-02-24

  • Stats in brief: 11-627-M2020019
    Description:

    This snapshot provides some key facts on Canada's Official Poverty Dashboard as of February 2020. Indicators in the dashboard include deep economic poverty; unmet housing needs and chronic homelessness; unmet health needs; food insecurity; relative low income; bottom 40% income share; youth engagement; literacy and numeracy; median hourly wage; average poverty gap; asset resilience; and poverty entry and exit rates.

    Release date: 2020-02-24

  • Articles and reports: 75-006-X201900100015
    Description:

    Previous research has suggested that skills acquired at a young age, such as reading or math skills, may have an impact on the early labour market outcomes of individuals. In this study, tax data linked to the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) are used to examine the association between background factors at age 15 (including reading proficiency) and employment earnings in young adulthood for a cohort of respondents who were aged 15 in 2000.

    Release date: 2019-10-17

  • Articles and reports: 89-28-0001201800100006
    Description:

    This edition presents the most recent numbers of students, teachers, and student performance in reading, math and science as measured by the 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

    Release date: 2018-09-10

  • 6. The Girl Child Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-503-X201500114680
    Description:

    The chapter entitled "Women in Canada: The Girl Child" explores the diverse circumstances and experiences of girls aged 17 and under. The chapter describes the demographic characteristics of girls in Canada and presents several topics related to their well-being including: living arrangements, socioeconomic conditions, physical health and development, mortality, emotional and social health and development, child care, school readiness, education, and personal security. Where possible, comparisons are made between girls in different age groups, between girls and boys, and within several subpopulations.

    Release date: 2017-02-22

  • Articles and reports: 89-657-X2016001
    Geography: Province or territory
    Description:

    The purpose of this analytical report is to identify the linkages among demographic trends, economic dynamics and literacy skills for New Brunswick francophones. The first part of the report presents the most recent profile of literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills in a technology-rich environment as it relates to New Brunswick francophones, using the data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). The first step is to assess the skill levels of New Brunswick francophones and to compare them against those of their anglophone counterparts and certain other francophone groups in Canada. The first section also endeavours to illustrate the major trends and specific factors that account for the gaps observed in the case of New Brunswick francophones.

    The second part of the report looks at the major demographic trends that characterize New Brunswick’s francophone population, focusing mainly on population aging, intraprovincial and interprovincial migration trends and the role of international immigration. These major trends are outlined, as are, more importantly, the ways they interact with the level of literacy and numeracy proficiency of the francophone population. The focus in the third part is similar in that it begins by detailing New Brunswick’s labour market and the role of francophones within it. The reciprocal influences among skills, demographic phenomena and the structure of the labour market documented therein shed light on the vicious circle that New Brunswick francophones find themselves in.

    Release date: 2016-09-19

  • Articles and reports: 75-006-X201600114655
    Description:

    Based on a self-reported measure of overqualification, this article examines the association between overqualification and skills among workers aged 25 to 64 with a university degree, using data from the 2012 Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). This article also examines the extent to which overqualified workers are dissatisfied with their jobs. Overqualified workers are defined in this study as university-educated workers who reported that they were in a job requiring no more than a high school education.

    Release date: 2016-09-14

  • Articles and reports: 89-503-X201500114640
    Description:

    Women have become increasingly well-educated, and today their share in the Canadian labour market is larger than ever. This chapter of Women in Canada examines women’s educational experiences, with a focus on STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics and computer science) education and skills. Topics include a profile of women’s education in Canada, the skills of young girls and women, field-of-study patterns at the postsecondary level, and labour market outcomes, including earnings.

    Release date: 2016-07-06

  • Articles and reports: 75-006-X201600114630
    Description:

    This article examines the literacy and numeracy skills of off reserve First Nations and Métis adults aged 25 to 65, focusing on the factors and labour market outcomes associated with higher skill levels. In this study, individuals in the higher range for literacy and numeracy are defined as those who scored level 3 or higher (out of 5 levels) in tests administered by the 2012 Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC).

    Release date: 2016-05-18
Reference (3)

Reference (3) ((3 results))

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 81-582-G
    Description: This handbook complements the tables of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). It is a guide that provides general descriptions for each indicator and indicator component. PCEIP has five broad indicator sets: a portrait of the school-age population; financing education systems; elementary and secondary education; postsecondary education; and transitions and outcomes.

    The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) is a joint venture of Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada.

    Release date: 2024-03-28

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-648-X2015001
    Description:

    The Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (LISA) has the direct measures of skills from the Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) because the two surveys had coordinated collection. The direct measures of skills cover three domains: literacy, numeracy, and problem solving in technology-rich environments. The skills measures are reflected in sets of 10 plausible values (PVs) that were created using a multiple imputation methodology. This paper demonstrates the proper use of the PVs. It also demonstrates that reliable estimates of skills can be produced using LISA and the results are similar to what would be obtained from the PIAAC data.

    Release date: 2015-04-22

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 81-580-X
    Description:

    The adult education and training sector is as complex as it is dynamic. In order to describe all its facets, Statistics Canada surveys many different populations. Given the number of data sources and their conceptual and methodological differences, it is sometimes very difficult for researchers and decision makers to obtain required information or data. This guide is a tool that has been developed to assist them. It provides a summary description of all Statistics Canada surveys related to adult education and training. From a selected variable, it allows the identification of surveys that can provide information. It also indicates relevant publications and how to obtain additional information.

    Release date: 1997-03-12
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