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  • 31. International students as a source of labour supply: Pre-immigration study in Canada and post-immigration earnings
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200200004
    Description:

    Although international students are increasingly considered a pool of skilled individuals to be encouraged for permanent residency and participation in the Canadian labour market, the role of Canadian study in economic outcomes after immigration is not well understood. To this end, this article examines the relationship between pre-immigration study in Canada and post-immigration earnings.

    Release date: 2022-02-23
  • 32. The weekly earnings of Canadian-born individuals in designated visible minority and White categories in the mid-2010s
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200100004
    Description:

    Using data from the 2016 Census, this study compares the weekly earnings of individuals in designated visible minority and White categories, as defined in the Employment Equity Act. This paper addresses three sets of research questions. First, in 2015, were there significant differences in the estimated weekly earnings of individuals in designated visible minority categories relative to White people? Among which designated visible minority categories were differences in weekly earnings largest? Were these differences similar among women and men? Second, to what extent did sociodemographic and employment characteristics account for differences in average weekly earnings across designated visible minority and White categories? And third, were differences in average weekly earnings narrower, wider or about the same in 2015 as in 2005?

    Release date: 2022-01-26
  • 33. The labour market outcomes of economic immigrants in the skilled trades
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202101100003
    Description:

    Since the 1990s, Canadian immigration policy has emphasized human capital, particularly education and language proficiency, in the selection of economic immigrants. While immigration and the domestic educational system continuously increase the supply of a university-educated labour force, there has been concern that skilled trades are an often-overlooked career option for many secondary school graduates, and that this may lead to labour shortages in skilled trades. This article examines trends in the number of economic immigrant principal applicants who intended to work in skilled trades, their sociodemographic characteristics, and their employment and earnings outcomes. Also, comparisons are made with other economic immigrant principal applicants.

    Release date: 2021-11-24
  • 34. Foreign workers in the Canadian agriculture industry
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100400002
    Description:

    This study documents annual trends in employment and earnings of foreign workers employed in agriculture and various subsectors of agriculture, as well as the characteristics of foreign workers in this industry. It also examines transitions to permanent residence for those who entered Canada as foreign workers and worked in agriculture. The main objective of the analysis is to provide a deeper understanding of the use of foreign worker programs in agriculture in Canada.

    Release date: 2021-04-28
  • 35. Foreign workers in the Canadian food manufacturing industry
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100400003
    Description:

    This study examines annual trends in the employment and earnings of foreign workers in the Canadian food manufacturing industry and in specific subsectors (e.g., meat product manufacturing, dairy product manufacturing). The main objective of the analysis is to provide a deeper understanding of the use of foreign workers in food manufacturing—a sector with relatively high concentrations of foreign workers.

    Release date: 2021-04-28
  • 36. Immigrants to Canada: Income trajectories and regions of settlement, 1987 to 2017 Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2021024
    Description:

    This infographic discusses changes in immigrants wages one year after admission from 1987 to 2017 and how immigrants income increases as they gain experience in Canada. There is also a discussion about the regions of settlement of immigrants.

    Release date: 2021-03-22
  • 37. Earnings indicators for certified journeypersons in Canada, 2008 to 2018
    Articles and reports: 37-20-00012021001
    Description:

    This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data products associated with this release are derived from integrating the longitudinal Registered Apprenticeship Information System (RAIS) 2008 to 2018 data with other administrative data. Statistics Canada has derived a series of indicators on the earnings of newly registered journeypersons by cohort size and selected trades, for Canada, all provinces and for grouped territories.

    Release date: 2021-03-10
  • 38. Earnings and mobility of journeypersons in Canada, 2018 Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2021016
    Description:

    This infographic features the earnings and mobility of newly-certified journeypersons across Canada. It presents mobility rates over time as well as key results among selected Red Seal trades for earnings and mobility.

    Release date: 2021-03-10
  • 39. Early earnings trajectories of international students after graduation from postsecondary programs
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100200004
    Description:

    There is considerable global competition for international students, who are often seen as strong candidates for economic immigration to countries that are facing current and future skills and labour shortages. International students bring extensive economic and social benefits to the host country. This study compares the earnings of international students with those of domestic students during their first five years after graduation from Canadian postsecondary institutions, and investigates the role of various pre-graduation characteristics in accounting for their earnings differences. This study also examines how the trajectories of earnings gaps vary between international and domestic graduates, across levels of education and major fields of study.

    Release date: 2021-02-24
  • 40. Job displacement in coal mining in Canada Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2020023
    Description: Efforts to make a transition to a low carbon economy have raised concerns that workers displaced from traditional energy-producing sectors might experience substantial earnings declines after job loss.

    Using data from a rich administrative dataset, this study documents the employment and earnings trajectories of coal miners who were displaced during the late 1990s and the 2000s.

    Release date: 2020-12-15
Data (170)

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Analysis (363)

Analysis (363) (60 to 70 of 363 results)

  • 61. Business Ownership and Employment in Immigrant-owned Firms in Canada Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-626-X2016057
    Description:

    This Economic Insights article addresses the extent to which immigrants contribute to economic growth. For the first time, the business ownership and job-creation activities of immigrants are addressed. A longer, more detailed study is also available.

    Release date: 2016-03-21
  • 62. Immigration, Business Ownership and Employment in Canada Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2016375
    Description:

    This paper provides, for the first time, an overview of immigrant business ownership and the associated job creation in Canada. This research is possible because a new dataset has been created in which the immigration status of business owners can be determined. The analysis focuses on two types of businesses: private incorporated businesses and the unincorporated self-employed. Results are presented for immigrants who have entered Canada since 1980 and who were in the country in 2010, hereafter simply referred to as immigrants in Canada. In addition, two entering cohorts of immigrants are tracked to determine the business ownership trajectory during the first 5 to 10 years in Canada.

    Release date: 2016-03-21
  • 63. Earnings of Postsecondary Graduates by Detailed Field of Study Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-626-X2016056
    Description:

    This Economic Insights article documents age-adjusted mean earnings by detailed field of study among 25- to 54-year-old university and college graduates who worked full year, full time in 2010. The data are drawn from the 2011 National Household Survey.

    Release date: 2016-03-11
  • 64. Visible Minority Women Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-503-X201500114315
    Description:

    In this chapter of Women in Canada, the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of visible minority women and girls are explored. Topics include the growth of the visible minority population in Canada and its relationship to immigration, living arrangements, education, labour force participation and employment, social participation, and health. Where it is relevant and feasible, analyses compare both the total visible minority population and specific visible minority groups with the population not belonging to a visible minority group.

    Note: the term “visible minority” refers to one of four designated groups under the Employment Equity Act. Within this context, visible minorities are defined as “persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.”

    Release date: 2016-03-03
  • 65. Changing Immigrant Characteristics and Entry Earnings Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2016374
    Description:

    During the 1990s and 2000s, changes in immigration selection policies significantly altered the characteristics of new immigrants to Canada across a number of dimensions, including educational attainment at landing, immigration class, source region, pre-landing Canadian work experience and geographic distribution. These changes were designed primarily to improve immigrant economic outcomes at landing. This paper examines whether immigrant entry earnings improved as a result of these changes in immigration selection and, if so, which characteristics contributed most to the improvement.

    Release date: 2016-02-17
  • 66. The Earnings Advantage of Landed Immigrants Who Were Previously Temporary Residents in Canada Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2015370
    Description:

    Although most Canadian temporary foreign worker programs did not include provisions that allow participants to apply for permanent residency until recently, a substantial number of temporary foreign workers have become landed immigrants since the 1980s. For instance, from 2008 to 2012, about 32,000 temporary foreign workers gained permanent residency each year, accounting for 13% of the total inflow of landed immigrants. This paper examines the earnings of economic immigrants who initially arrived as temporary residents and held a work or study permit, and compares them to economic immigrants who were directly selected as permanent residents from abroad.

    Release date: 2015-10-23
  • 67. Immigrant Women Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-503-X201500114217
    Description:

    Over the last century, millions of women, either alone or with their families, have travelled from abroad to make Canada their home. These newcomers form a diverse group, arriving from regions spanning the globe and speaking close to 200 languages between them. As newcomers to Canada, the socio-demographic profile of immigrant women in Canada differs from that of the Canadian-born population in some ways, while it is relatively similar in others. This chapter compares these two socio-demographic profiles from a gender-based perspective. It also discusses changing trends in immigration, and the influence of these trends on the demographic characteristics of the immigrant population in Canada.

    Release date: 2015-10-21
  • 68. Which Human Capital Characteristics Best Predict the Earnings of Economic Immigrants? Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2015368
    Description:

    While an extensive literature examines the association between immigrants' characteristics and their earnings in Canada, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the relative importance of various human capital factors, such as language, work experience and education when predicting the earnings of economic immigrants. The decline in immigrant earnings since the 1980s, which was concentrated among economic immigrants, promoted changes to the points system in the early 1990s and in 2002, in large part, to improve immigrant earnings. Knowledge of the relative role of various characteristics in determining immigrant earnings is important when making such changes. This paper addresses two questions. First, what is the relative importance of observable human capital factors when predicting earnings of economic immigrants (principal applicants), who are selected by the points system? Second, does the relative importance of these factors vary in the short, intermediate, and long terms? This research employs Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB).

    Release date: 2015-08-26
  • 69. The Cumulative Earnings of Postsecondary Graduates Over 20 Years: Results by Field of Study Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-626-X2014040
    Description:

    This article in the Economic Insights series reports on the cumulative earnings over a 20-year period of college and bachelor's degree graduates from different fields of study. This article is part of a program at Statistics Canada that examines various dimensions of labour market outcomes of postsecondary graduates.

    Release date: 2014-10-28
  • 70. The Effects of Cancer on Employment and Earnings of Cancer Survivors Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2014362
    Description:

    The study examines the effects of cancer on the work status and annual earnings of cancer survivors who had a strong attachment to the labour market prior to their diagnosis. The comparison group consists of similar workers never diagnosed with cancer. The study is based on a Statistics Canada linkage file that combines microdata from the 1991 Census, the Canadian Cancer Registry, mortality records and personal income tax files. The study estimates changes in the magnitude of cancer effects during the first three years following the year of the diagnosis using a large sample of cancer survivors diagnosed at ages 25 to 61. The empirical strategy combines matching and regression models to deal with observed and unobserved differences between the cancer and comparison samples, and to improve causal inference.

    Release date: 2014-09-30
Reference (29)

Reference (29) (20 to 30 of 29 results)

  • 21. User Guide to 1996 Census Income Data Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2000010
    Description:

    This report explains the concept of income and provides definitions of the various sources of income and derived income variables. It also documents the various aspects of the census that can have an impact on census income estimates.

    Release date: 2000-07-26
  • 22. Schooling, Literacy and Individual Earnings (Highlights) Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89F0120X
    Description:

    Direct measures of skill attainment such as the International Adult Literacy Survey are used to assess the importance of educational outcome skills such as literacy in determining labour market outcomes such as earnings. Policy makers also use them to direct resources most efficiently. However, these skill measures are the product of complex statistical procedures. This paper examines the mathematical robustness of the International Adult Literacy Survey measures against other possibilities in estimating the impact of literacy on individual earnings.

    Release date: 2000-06-02
  • 23. Income Trends in Canada (1980-1997): User's Guide Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2000001
    Description:

    This user's guide provides a detailed description of the CD-ROM Income trends in Canada (13F0022XCB). It also provides a glossary, a description of the major concepts as well as an overview of the data source, the Survey of Consumer Finances.

    Release date: 2000-02-02
  • 24. The Long-term consequences of growing up with a single parent Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19980015032
    Description:

    The objective of this research project is to examine the long-term consequences of being raised in a single parent household. We examine the impact of parental separation or divorce on the adult labour market behaviour of children ten to fifteen years after the event. In particular, we relate the family income and household characteristics of a cohort of individuals who are 16 to 19 years of age in 1982 to their labour market earnings, reliance on social transfers (UI and Income Assistance), and marital/fertility outcomes during the early 1990s, when they are in their late 20s and early 30s. Our data is based upon the linked income tax records developed by us at Statistics Canada, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, and the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth.

    Release date: 1999-10-22
  • 25. Statistics Canada's Survey of Financial Security: Update Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13F0026M1999006
    Description:

    Although income and expenditure data provide an indication of current consumption and ability to purchase goods and services, they provide little information on the long-term ability of families to sustain themselves. The results of this survey will provide information on the net worth (wealth) of Canadian families, that is, the value of their assets less their debts.

    This paper examines the objectives of the survey, how the survey has changed since 1984, the types of questions being asked and information that will be provided, as well as other survey background. An accompanying table outlines the content of the questionnaire. The intent of this paper is to describe the work done to date and the next steps for this important subject.

    Release date: 1999-09-27
  • 26. Asset and Debt Survey: Findings of the Content Consultation Process Archived
    Notices and consultations: 13F0026M1999002
    Description:

    This document summarizes the comments and feedback received on an earlier document: Towards a new Canadian asset and debt survey - A content discussion paper. The new asset and debt survey (now called the Survey of Financial Security) is to update the wealth information on Canadian families and unattached individuals. Since the last data collection was conducted in 1984, it was essential to include a consultative process in the development of the survey in order to obtain feedback on issues of concern and to define the conceptual framework for the survey.

    Comments on the content discussion paper are summarized by major theme and sections indicate how the suggestions are being incorporated into the survey or why they could not be incorporated. This paper also mentions the main objectives of the survey and provides an overview of the survey content, revised according to the feedback from the discussion paper.

    Release date: 1999-03-23
  • 27. Proposal for an Asset and Debt Survey Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13F0026M1999003
    Description:

    This paper presents a proposal for conducting a Canadian asset and debt survey. The first step in preparing this proposal was the release, in February 1997, of a document entitled Towards a new Canadian asset and debt survey whose intent was to elicit feedback on the initial thinking regarding the content of the survey.

    This paper reviews the conceptual framework for a new asset and debt survey, data requirements, survey design, collection methodology and testing. It provides also an overview of the anticipated data processing system, describes the analysis and dissemination plan (analytical products and microdata files), and identifies the survey costs and major milestones. Finally, it presents the management/coordination approach used.

    Release date: 1999-03-23
  • 28. Questionnaire and Collection Procedures for SLID Income Data Collection: May 1994 Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1994008
    Description:

    This document describes the survey content for the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) income data questionnaire and explains the interview process.

    Release date: 1995-12-30
  • 29. Questionnaire and Collection Procedures for the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) Income Data Collection: May 1995 Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1995012
    Description:

    This paper describes the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) income data collection procedures and provides an overview of the interview process. May 1995 was the first year respondents could choose to carry out the interview as in the previous year, or they could grant permission for Statistics Canada to access their income tax returns from Revenue Canada and forego the interview.

    Release date: 1995-12-30
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