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All (27) (0 to 10 of 27 results)
- Articles and reports: 91F0015M2020002Description:
This document describes the production of demographic estimates for the second quarter of 2020 in the context of COVID-19. Limits to the usual approaches and alternate strategies that were considered are presented for each demographic component. When adjustments to the usual methodology were made, they are summarized in a succinct manner. A broad overview of potential adjustments for future releases of demographic estimates is also provided.
Release date: 2020-09-29 - Articles and reports: 91F0015M2020001Description:
This document describes the production of demographic estimates for the first quarter of 2020 in the context of COVID-19. Limits to the usual approaches and alternate strategies that were considered are presented for each demographic component. When adjustments to the usual methodology were made, they are summarized in a succinct manner. A broad overview of potential adjustments for future releases of demographic estimates is also provided.
Release date: 2020-06-18 - Articles and reports: 75F0002M2016003Description:
Periodically, income statistics are updated to reflect the most recent population estimates from the Census. Accordingly, with the release of the 2014 data from the Canadian Income Survey, Statistics Canada has revised estimates for 2006 to 2013 using new population totals from the 2011 Census. This paper provides unrevised estimates alongside revised estimates for key income series, indicating where the revisions were significant.
Release date: 2016-07-08 - Articles and reports: 75F0002M2012003Description:
The release of the 2010 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) data coincided with a historical revision of the 2006 to 2009 results. The survey weights were updated to take into account new population estimates based on the 2006 Census rather than the 2001 Census. This paper presents a summary of the impact of this revision on the 2006-2009 survey estimates.
Release date: 2012-11-01 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X201200111682Description:
Sample allocation issues are studied in the context of estimating sub-population (stratum or domain) means as well as the aggregate population mean under stratified simple random sampling. A non-linear programming method is used to obtain "optimal" sample allocation to strata that minimizes the total sample size subject to specified tolerances on the coefficient of variation of the estimators of strata means and the population mean. The resulting total sample size is then used to determine sample allocations for the methods of Costa, Satorra and Ventura (2004) based on compromise allocation and Longford (2006) based on specified "inferential priorities". In addition, we study sample allocation to strata when reliability requirements for domains, cutting across strata, are also specified. Performance of the three methods is studied using data from Statistics Canada's Monthly Retail Trade Survey (MRTS) of single establishments.
Release date: 2012-06-27 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X201000111247Description:
In this paper, the problem of estimating the variance of various estimators of the population mean in two-phase sampling has been considered by jackknifing the two-phase calibrated weights of Hidiroglou and Särndal (1995, 1998). Several estimators of population mean available in the literature are shown to be the special cases of the technique developed here, including those suggested by Rao and Sitter (1995) and Sitter (1997). By following Raj (1965) and Srivenkataramana and Tracy (1989), some new estimators of the population mean are introduced and their variances are estimated through the proposed jackknife procedure. The variance of the chain ratio and regression type estimators due to Chand (1975) are also estimated using the jackknife. A simulation study is conducted to assess the efficiency of the proposed jackknife estimators relative to the usual estimators of variance.
Release date: 2010-06-29 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X200900211036Description:
Surveys are frequently required to produce estimates for subpopulations, sometimes for a single subpopulation and sometimes for several subpopulations in addition to the total population. When membership of a rare subpopulation (or domain) can be determined from the sampling frame, selecting the required domain sample size is relatively straightforward. In this case the main issue is the extent of oversampling to employ when survey estimates are required for several domains and for the total population. Sampling and oversampling rare domains whose members cannot be identified in advance present a major challenge. A variety of methods has been used in this situation. In addition to large-scale screening, these methods include disproportionate stratified sampling, two-phase sampling, the use of multiple frames, multiplicity sampling, panel surveys, and the use of multi-purpose surveys. This paper illustrates the application of these methods in a range of social surveys.
Release date: 2009-12-23 - Articles and reports: 91F0015M2007008Geography: CanadaDescription:
If low fertility, aging, demographic growth and ethnocultural diversity are phenomena that accurately describe Canada overall, the same patterns may not necessarily hold true for urban and rural areas. The rhythm and sources of demographic growth have often been significantly different from one area to the next, which would suggest that the situation across Canada stems from the aggregation of different demographies, which are variable between types of regions.
The objective of this study is to examine demographic differences between urban and rural areas in Canada by analyzing communities along a gradient ranging from the largest metropolitan regions to the most rural areas. Applying a geographic structure to Census data from 1971 to 2001 that maintains constant borders over time, the authors analyze population growth across eight types of urban and rural regions; as well as the contribution of immigration, fertility and internal migration to growth differentials; and the consequences of these observed demographic differences in terms of aging and ethnocultural diversity.
The study finds that growth is concentrated in the most metropolitan areas in the country and in the rural areas on which they have a strong influence, and diminished as the degree of rurality increases. Internal migration between the different types of areas has largely contributed to this differential growth: the most urbanized areas-with the exception of Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver-underwent significant migratory gains as well as strong growth. This was also the case with the rural regions that had a strong metropolitan influence. The most rural regions experienced a weak demographic growth, in some cases a decline, despite having higher fertility than other regions. The strong growth in the three largest urban areas in Canada-Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver-is largely attributed to the high numbers of international immigrants who decided to settle there. The concentration of newcomers in these regions helped increase the gap between these three areas and the rest of the country in terms of ethnocultural diversity.
Release date: 2007-04-26 - Articles and reports: 15-206-X2007008Description:
This study is the third in a series related to the project launched in fall 2003 by the Canadian Productivity Accounts of Statistics Canada in order to compare productivity levels between Canada and the United States. The study's purpose is to examine the comparability of the components of the labour market of these two countries that serve as the sources of the differences in the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita between them. This study can be subdivided into three sections. The first section develops and illustrates the conceptual and methodological framework required to make Canada/United States estimates of labour and population comparable in terms of level. The second section presents revisions and an update to 2005 of the GDP per capita differences and its components, which were presented for the first time in the study by Baldwin, Maynard and Wong (2005), which covered the period from 1994 to 2002, at the time.
Lastly, using the year 2000 as an example, this study tries to quantify the "statistical error" that arises from using inadequate statistics or statistics not designed for this type of international comparison. This exercise reveals that the comparability of data on hours worked per job is especially crucial to identifying the origin of the differences in GDP per capita between labour productivity and hours worked per capita. The worst error involves comparing hours worked estimated from an employer survey with those obtained from a household survey. This type of comparison between Canada and the United States results in assigning an estimated 72% of the difference in GDP per capita to labour productivity when, in reality, it counted for barely 36% in 2000.
Release date: 2007-03-26 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X20040027758Description:
In this article, we study the use of Bayesian neural networks in finite population estimation.We propose estimators for finite population mean and the associated mean squared error. We also propose to use the student t-distribution to model the disturbances in order to accommodate extreme observations that are often present in the data from social sample surveys. Numerical results show that Bayesian neural networks have made a significant improvement in finite population estimation over linear regression based methods
Release date: 2005-02-03
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- 11. Variance estimation in two-phase sampling ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X20030017600Description:
This paper extends the Sen-Yates-Grundy (SYG) variance estimators two-phase sampling designs with stratification at the second phase or both phases. It also develops SYG-type variance estimators of the two-phase regression estimators that make use of the first phase auxiliary data.
Release date: 2005-01-26 - 12. Redesign of the French Census of Population ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X20010016264Description:
This paper discusses in detail issues dealing with the technical aspects of designing and conducting surveys. It is intended for an audience of survey methodologists.
Conducting a census by traditional methods is becoming more difficult. The possibility of cross-linking administrative files provides an attractive alternative to conducting periodic censuses (Laihonen, 2000; Borchsenius, 2000). This method was proposed in a recent article by Nathan (2001). The Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE) census redesign is based on the idea of a "continuous census," originally suggested by Kish (1981, 1990) and Horvitz (1986). The first approach, which could be feasible in France, can be found in Deville and Jacod's paper (1996). This particular article reviews the methodological developments and approaches used since INSEE started its population census redesign program.
Release date: 2002-09-12 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X20010016266Description:
This paper discusses in detail issues dealing with the technical aspects of designing and conducting surveys. It is intended for an audience of survey methodologists.
The key measure of Census quality is the level of response achieved. In recent censuses around the world, this level has been in the high nineties percentage range. This was also true of the 1991 Census in Britain (98%). However, what was particularly noticeable about this Census was the differential response rate and the difficulty in effectively measuring this rate. The United Kingdom set up the One Number Census program in order to research and develop a more effective methodology to measure and account for under-enumeration in the 2001 Census. The key element in this process is the Census Coverage Survey - a significantly larger and redesigned post-enumeration survey.
This paper describes the planning and design of the Census Coverage Survey with particular emphasis on the implementation of the proposed field methodology. It also provides a high-level overview of the success of this survey.
Release date: 2002-09-12 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X20020016424Description:
A variety of estimators for the variance of the General Regression (GREG) estimator of a mean have been proposed in the sampling literature, mainly with the goal of estimating the design-based variance. Under certain conditions, estimators can be easily constructed that are approximately unbiased for both the design-variance and the model-variance. Several dual-purpose estimators are studied here in single-stage sampling. These choices are robust estimators of a model-variance even if the model that motivates the GREG has an incorrect variance parameter.
A key feature of the robust estimators is the adjustment of squared residuals by factors analogous to the leverages used in standard regression analysis. We also show that the delete-one jackknife estimator implicitly includes the leverage adjustments and is a good choice from either the design-based or model-based perspective. In a set of simulations, these variance estimators have small bias and produce confidence intervals with near-nominal coverage rates for several sampling methods, sample sizes and populations in single-stage sampling.
We also present simulation results for a skewed population where all variance estimators perform poorly. Samples that do not adequately represent the units with large values lead to estimated means that are too small, variance estimates that are too small and confidence intervals that cover at far less than the nominal rate. These defects can be avoided at the design stage by selecting samples that cover the extreme units well. However, in populations with inadequate design information this will not be feasible.
Release date: 2002-07-05 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X20000025531Description:
Information from list and area sampling frames is combined to obtain efficient estimates of population size and totals. We consider the case where the probabilities of inclusion on the list frames are heterogeneous and are modeled as a function of covariates. We adapt and modify the methodology of Huggins (1989) and Albo (1990) for modeling auxiliary variables in capture-recapture studies using a logistic regression model. We present the results from a simulation study which compares various estimators of frame size and population totals using the logistic regression approach to modeling heterogeneous inclusion probabilities.
Release date: 2001-02-28 - 16. Census coverage error: A demographic evaluation ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X20000015177Description:
The 1996 Canadian Census is adjusted for coverage error as estimated primarily through the Reverse Record Check (RRC). In this paper, we will show how there is a wealth of additional information from the 1996 Reverse Record Check of direct value to population estimation. Beyond its ability to estimate coverage error, it is possible to extend the Reverse Record Check classification results to obtain an alternative estimate of demographic growth - potentially decomposed by component. This added feature of the Reverse Record Check provides promise in the evaluation of estimated census coverage error as well as insight as to possible problems in the estimation of selected components in the population estimates program.
Release date: 2000-08-30 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X19980013906Description:
In sample surveys, the units contained in the sampling frame ideally have a one-to-one correspondence with the elements in the target population under study. In many cases, however, the frame has a many-to-many structure. That is, a unit in the frame may be associated with multiple target population elements and a target population element may be associated with multiple frame units. Such was the case in a building characteristics survey in which the frame was a list of street addresses, but the target population was commercial buildings. The frame was messy because a street address corresponded either to a single building, multiple buildings, or part of a building. In this paper, we develop estimators and formulas for their variances in both simple and stratified random sampling designs when the frame has a many-to-many structure.
Release date: 1998-07-31 - 18. On regression estimation of finite population means ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X19980013911Description:
This paper examines the main properties of the generalized regression estimator of a finite population mean and those of the regression estimator obtained from the optimal difference estimator. Given that the latter can be more efficient than the former, conditions allowing this to happen are established, and a criterion for choosing between the two types of regression estimators follows. A simulation study illustrates their finite sample performances.
Release date: 1998-07-31 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X19980013912Description:
Efficient estimates of population size and totals based on information from multiple list frames and an independent area frame are considered. This work is an extension of the methodology proposed by Harley (1962) which considers two general frames. A main disadvantage of list frames is that they are typically incomplete. In this paper, we propose several methods to address frame deficiencies. A joint list-area sampling design incorporates multiple frames and achieves full coverage of the target population. For each combination of frames, we present the appropriate notation, likelihood function, and parameter estimators. Results from a simulation study that compares the various properties of the proposed estimators are also presented.
Release date: 1998-07-31 - Articles and reports: 91F0015M1998005Geography: CanadaDescription:
All countries that organize censuses have concerns about data quality and coverage error. Different methods have been developed in evaluating the quality of census data and census undercount. Some methods make use of information independent of the census itself, while some others are designed to check the internal consistency of the data. These are expensive and complicated operations.
Given that the population in each country is organized differently and that the administrative structures differ from one country to another, no universal method can be applied. In order to compare the methods and identify their strengths and gaps, Demography Division of Statistics Canada has reviewed the procedures used in four industrialized countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and, of course, Canada. It appears from this review that demographic analysis can help considerably in the identification of inconsistencies through comparisons of consecutive censuses, while micro-level record linkage and survey based procedures are essential in order to estimate the number of people omitted or counted twice in census collection. The most important conclusion from this review is that demographers and statisticians have to work together in order to evaluate the figures the accuracy of which will always remain questionable.
Release date: 1998-03-27
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