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All (425) (390 to 400 of 425 results)

391. Child psychiatric disorders, poor school performance and social problems: the roles of family structure and low-income Archived
Articles and reports: 89-553-X19980014023
Geography: Canada
Description:
The primary goal of this chapter is to improve our understanding of the roles that family structure and low-income play in the determination of psychiatric disorders, poor school performance, and social problems among Canadian children. While there is broad agreement that environmental factors have an impact on these outcomes, until recently there has been little or no Canadian data with which to assess the importance of socio-economic factors in determining the incidence and severity of such problems.
Release date: 1998-11-05
392. Foreign-born vs Native-born Canadians: A Comparison of Their Inter-provincial Labour Mobility Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M1998114
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper investigates the inter-provincial labour mobility behaviour of immigrants relative to that of native-born Canadians. Foreign-born Canadians differ a great deal from their domestically-born counterparts. The foreign-born population is geographically concentrated in a few provinces and a few big cities. As a whole, they are older, better educated, more likely to be married, and more likely to have dependent children and bigger households. They are less active in participating in full-time education and training. They fare relatively better in the labour market. As a result, a higher proportion of them receive social security benefits that are directly tied to the presence of dependent children or age such as family allowance benefits and pension income, but a lower proportion receive benefits that are related to labour market performance such as employment insurance benefits and social assistance benefits.
As a whole, immigrants are relatively less mobile inter-provincially. This is true both nationally and across almost every province. Among those who move to other provinces, destinations for foreign-born migrants are highly geographically concentrated. Most of them make their new homes in Alberta, Ontario and British Columbia. A significantly lower proportion of them relocate to other provinces for economic considerations but a much higher proportion move to go to school or after retirement. Earnings return to their inter-provincial migration is significantly more substantial. This is the result of both wage increase and more hours of work after migration.
Multi-variate regression results show that there are no statistically significant structural differences in the determinants of inter-provincial migration decisions between comparable foreign- and native-born Canadians. The probability of moving to other provinces, for immigrants as well as for domestically-born Canadians, is higher if earnings potentials elsewhere are relatively higher, lower if it is relatively harder to find employment elsewhere, higher among better educated workers, lower among French-speaking Canadians, lower among union members, and decreases with age, family size and job tenure. None of the proxies for government's labour market interventions significantly affect the decision to move inter-provincially. The lower mobility rates among the foreign-born are fully attributable to distributional and compositional differences between the immigrant and non-immigrant populations.
These findings have a direct policy implication on immigration selection. To encourage population and labour force growth in economically less prosperous provinces, it appears appropriate and effective to amend the current immigration selection and approval system, considering intended destinations as an additional factor and awarding additional points to applicants who choose designated provinces.
Release date: 1998-09-23
393. Aging baby boomers and what it means for domestic travel in the 21st century Archived
Articles and reports: 87-003-X19980033852
Geography: Canada
Description:
The signs are all around us ... from coffee mugs boasting that "There is life after 50" to the popularity of golf to the growing number of adult lifestyle communities: Canada's population is getting older. The aging of the baby boom generation is largely responsible for this trend, coupled with historically low fertility and mortality rates. The baby boom generation has established trends in the marketplace as they have proceeded along the demographic trail. Tourism is no exception. Almost four out of every ten Canadians travelling within Canada were baby boomers in 1996 and they spent 53% of the total domestic expenditures. This article explore how this demographic cohort is influencing many current domestic travel trends and how these may shift in the future based on the travel behaviour of older age groups.
Release date: 1998-07-13
394. An Explanation of the Increasing Age Premium Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M1998112
Geography: Canada
Description:
The study examines the reason for the significant increase in the 'age premium' over the period 1981-94. The age premium refers to the percentage difference in hourly earnings between 'younger' (25-34) and 'older' (45-54) workers. In 1994, the hourly rate of older males was 32.4% higher than that of younger males. The corresponding age premium among females was 15.5%. Over the period 1981-94, the age premium increased by 15.7 percentage points among males and 19.5 percentage points among females.
Evidence based on analysis of the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) public use microdata shows that, while there has been a trend toward non-standard employment, this so far has affected mostly workers under age 25 and cannot explain the rise in the age premium between ages 25-to-34 and 45-to-54, which is the focus of this study.
A more likely explanation identified by the study is the dramatic improvement in the level of education of older workers over the last 14 years. For example, from 1981 to 1994 the percentage of older male workers with grade 10 education or less declined from 41.9% to 19.6%, while the percentage with post-secondary diplomas and degrees increased from 32.1% to 51.7%. The education level of younger male workers also improved over the same period, but the rate of improvement was smaller and, by 1994, there was virtually no difference in the incidence of post-secondary diplomas and degrees between younger and older workers. Similar trends took place among female workers. Shift-share analysis shows that the narrowing of the education gap between older and younger workers explains 44% of the age premium rise among male employees and 50% of the age premium rise among female employees.
Release date: 1998-06-29
395. What is Happening to Earnings, Inequality and Youth Wages in the 1990s? Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M1998116
Geography: Canada
Description:
The increase in earnings inequality among men in particular in Canada has been well documented. This paper adds to our knowledge of inequality trends by addressing three issues. First, what has happened to earnings inequality among the employed population in the 1990s? We find that earnings inequality and polarization increased little in the population of all workers (men and women combined) between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s. The second question relates to the impact of the changing propensity of Canadians to hold a job on earnings inequality. Put another way, if we focus on the entire population of working age Canadians (those with and without paid employment), what are the inequality trends. We find that earnings inequality among the working age population changed little over the 1980s and 1990s. This analysis incorporates both the influence of the changing employment/population ratio and inequality trends among employed workers on overall earnings inequality among the working age population. But this relative stability in overall earnings inequality since the mid-1980s masks a number of offsetting underlying trends. Some groups of workers are making earnings gains (notably older workers, and women) while others are losing (notably younger workers and men). This paper focuses in particular on the earnings trends among younger workers, and finds that the decline in annual earnings of younger male workers in particular is associated with a decline in real hourly wages.
Release date: 1998-06-29
396. Spousal violence Archived
Articles and reports: 85-224-X19980005284
Geography: Canada
Description:
This section examines the nature and extent of cases of spousal violence reported to the police. Special attention is given to how spousal violence differs for women and men.
Release date: 1998-05-28
397. A profile of home schooling in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 81-003-X19970043733
Geography: Canada
Description:
At the start of every school year, not all children head off to the classroom. Instead, some Canadian families choose an alternative form of education that is commonly known as home schooling or home-based education. Helped by the establishment of regionally based support groups and national organizations, the home-schooling movement has been growing in acceptance in North America.
Release date: 1998-05-20
398. Wheels of change: Employment in Canada's trucking industry, 1988-1994 Archived
Articles and reports: 61-532-X19970013500
Description:
"If you've got it, a truck brought it." When you stop to think about it, an increasing number of the things we use are transported to market for at least part of the way, by truck. The trucking industry is becoming increasingly important to the transportation sector of the Canadian economy. This growing importance can be attributed to several factors including the deregulation of transportation, the surge in trade with the United States and the evolving structure of the industry itself. It is within this context that concern for labour issues, including a driver shortage, has been voiced. The demands on drivers have increased, driver training is inadequate and as a result, there is a perceived shortage of qualified drivers. This study examines employment in the trucking industry from 1988 to 1994 by looking at various sources of employment data at Statistics Canada.
Release date: 1998-02-02
399. Characteristics of hospital users Archived
Articles and reports: 82-003-X19970033454
Geography: Canada
Description:
For people living in the community, this article explores selected health problems and personal characteristics that are associated with having been hospitalized.
Release date: 1998-01-15
400. The Dimensions of Wage Inequality Among Aboriginal Peoples Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M1997109
Geography: Canada
Description:
In addition to confirming a wage gap between Canadian workers as a whole and those of Aboriginal origin, our research also generated new findings: there is greater disparity in the distribution of wages among Aboriginals than among Canadian workers as a whole, even after allowing for demographic differences.
Our analysis does not stop there. Indeed, this analysis can hide considerable wage dispersions between Aboriginal groups since appreciable wage gaps were noted between these groups. Having said this, wage dispersion is most likely greater for certain Aboriginal groups than others. Since this aspect has never been studied before, the purpose of this paper is to document differences in wage dispersion for the four main Aboriginal groups. Our results show that North American Indians living on reserves are the most disadvantaged Aboriginal group because their earnings are substantially lower than those of the other groups.
Release date: 1998-01-14

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Analysis (425)

Analysis (425) (50 to 60 of 425 results)

51. Pain-related disabilities among adult Canadians aged 15 years and older, 2012 Archived
Articles and reports: 89-654-X2016007
Description:
This document contains survey results on the number of persons with pain-related disabilities, prevalence of disability, pain-related disability by age, co-occurring disabilities, educational attainment and experiences as well as employment, pain-related disability in the work place, job modifications, hours worked, not in the labour force, job search barriers and income, for Canada.
Release date: 2016-07-05
52. Educational and Labour Market Outcomes of Childhood Immigrants by Admission Class Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2016377
Description:
It has been well documented that the children of immigrants in Canada outperform their peers with Canadian-born parents in educational attainment, and that the two groups have similar labour market outcomes. However, large variations by ethnicity or source country exist among the children of immigrants. This study examines the extent to which admission class (e.g., skilled workers, business immigrants, live-in caregivers, the family class and refugees) also matters in the socioeconomic outcomes of childhood immigrants who arrived in Canada before the age of 18.
Release date: 2016-04-25
53. Social determinants of health for the off-reserve First Nations population, 15 years of age and older, 2012 Archived
Articles and reports: 89-653-X2016010
Description:
This article explores the relationship between various social determinants of health and selected health outcomes for First Nations people aged 15 and older living off-reserve. Specifically, the following social determinants are explored: health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity), physical environments (housing, mobility, employment, education, income, food security), access to health resources, cultural continuity (participation in traditional activities, Aboriginal language, social support), and residential school attendance. An integrated life course and social determinants model of Aboriginal health framework is used to guide the analysis.
Release date: 2016-04-12
54. Visible Minority Women Archived
Articles and reports: 89-503-X201500114315
Description:
In this chapter of Women in Canada, the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of visible minority women and girls are explored. Topics include the growth of the visible minority population in Canada and its relationship to immigration, living arrangements, education, labour force participation and employment, social participation, and health. Where it is relevant and feasible, analyses compare both the total visible minority population and specific visible minority groups with the population not belonging to a visible minority group.
Note: the term “visible minority” refers to one of four designated groups under the Employment Equity Act. Within this context, visible minorities are defined as “persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.”
Release date: 2016-03-03
55. The association between skills and low income Archived
Articles and reports: 75-006-X201600114322
Description:
This article explores how skill proficiencies are related to household income for Canadians aged 16 to 65 using data from the first wave of the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (LISA), conducted in 2012. The article also demonstrates how the relationship between skill level and low income changes after controlling for other characteristics known to increase the risk of low income.
Release date: 2016-02-24
56. Assessing the social determinants of self-reported Inuit health in Inuit Nunangat Archived
Articles and reports: 89-653-X2016009
Description:
The health and well-being of the Inuit population falls below that of the total population in Canada (Chief Public Health Officer, 2008). Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami—the national organization of Inuit in Canada—has stated that “this health gap in many respects is a symptom of poor socio-economic conditions in Inuit communities which are characterized by high poverty rates, low levels of education, limited employment opportunities, and inadequate housing conditions” (Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, 2014). These factors are known as social determinants of health.
This study examines the social determinants of health for Inuit aged 15 to 54 years, living in Inuit Nunangat. Data were taken from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey. Multivariate analysis was conducted using a logistic regression model, in order to test the association between the social determinants of health and the outcome of excellent or very good self-reported health.
Release date: 2016-02-22
57. Changing Immigrant Characteristics and Entry Earnings Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2016374
Description:
During the 1990s and 2000s, changes in immigration selection policies significantly altered the characteristics of new immigrants to Canada across a number of dimensions, including educational attainment at landing, immigration class, source region, pre-landing Canadian work experience and geographic distribution. These changes were designed primarily to improve immigrant economic outcomes at landing. This paper examines whether immigrant entry earnings improved as a result of these changes in immigration selection and, if so, which characteristics contributed most to the improvement.
Release date: 2016-02-17
58. Public confidence in Canadian institutions Archived
Articles and reports: 89-652-X2015007
Description:
This paper examines Canadians’ perceptions of government and institutions, as well as their perceptions of the performance of their local police. Using data from the 2014 General Social Survey (GSS) on Victimization and the 2013 GSS on Social Identity, this report explores issues of confidence and trust in government and institutions. Overall levels of confidence, measures of police performance, levels of generalized trust and trust in specific institutions are examined. The impact of geography, socio-demographic and neighbourhood characteristics on perceptions are also discussed.
Release date: 2015-12-07
59. Regional differences in the educational outcomes of young immigrants Archived
Articles and reports: 75-006-X201500114247
Description:
This article examines regional differences in the math and reading skills of immigrant children aged 15 based on data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). It also examines regional differences in high-school and university completion rates among young immigrants who came to Canada before the age of 15 using National Household Survey (NHS) data. Throughout the article, comparisons are made with the children of the Canadian-born (third- or higher-generation Canadians).
Release date: 2015-11-18
60. Immigrant Women Archived
Articles and reports: 89-503-X201500114217
Description:
Over the last century, millions of women, either alone or with their families, have travelled from abroad to make Canada their home. These newcomers form a diverse group, arriving from regions spanning the globe and speaking close to 200 languages between them. As newcomers to Canada, the socio-demographic profile of immigrant women in Canada differs from that of the Canadian-born population in some ways, while it is relatively similar in others. This chapter compares these two socio-demographic profiles from a gender-based perspective. It also discusses changing trends in immigration, and the influence of these trends on the demographic characteristics of the immigrant population in Canada.
Release date: 2015-10-21

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Date modified:: 2024-08-24