October 2024
Spotlight on data and research
Foreign workers in the labour force: Provincial retention after transition to permanent residency among work permit holders for work purposes
Among foreign workers who received permanent residency between 2011 and 2015, 97% intended to settle in the province where they last worked, and 82% remained in the same province five years after immigration. This article found that former work permit holders were more likely to stay in their intended provinces than economic immigrants without prior Canadian work experience, with retention rates of 78% and 68% five years after immigration, respectively.
Additionally, retention rates differed across provinces and territories. One year after immigration, the retention rates for the 2011-to-2015 landing cohort were lower in the Atlantic provinces and three territories (81% or lower) compared with other provinces (86% or higher). While five years after immigration, about half of the 2011-to-2015 landing cohort who worked in Newfoundland and Labrador (46%) and Prince Edward Island (50%) had stayed in the same province, compared with 80% or more for those who worked in the four largest provinces.
Insights
Recent developments in the Canadian economy: Fall 2024
This article provides an integrated summary of recent changes in output, consumer prices, employment, and household finances. It highlights changes in the economic data during the first half of 2024 and into the summer months. The article also examines how economic conditions have changed as borrowing costs continue to evolve.
Do international students and temporary foreign workers pay more than Canadian-born individuals in the rental market?
As concerns grow over housing affordability in Canada, questions have been raised about the experiences of non-permanent residents in the rental market. This study found that, international students pay 10% more in monthly rent per unit, while temporary foreign workers (TFWs) pay 21% more, compared with Canadian-born individuals in the same urban area. However, the rental cost difference for TFWs decreases to 5% when comparing renters with similar household characteristics (e.g., household size), living in the same neighborhood and similar dwellings.
The higher rental costs for international students can be attributed to differences in dwelling characteristics, as international students are less likely to live in subsidized housing and more likely to live in condominiums and newer buildings.
The net impact of telework on restaurant revenues in Canada
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered massive economic and societal changes, like working from home, and the loss of revenue in food services and drinking places. From February 2020 to April 2020, revenue in the food services and drinking places subsector fell by $3.2 billion. This study found that the increase in work from home accounted for about a third of the drop in revenues during that period.
From March 2020 to July 2022, an increase of 1 percentage point in the monthly incidence of work from home was associated with less than a percentage point reduction in the monthly growth rate of receipts in food services and drinking places in a given province during that period.
Research articles
Women middle and senior managers
The inclusion of women in leadership is an important aspect of workforce diversity, helping to promote a more innovative and resilient corporate culture. However, this study found that, relative to their share among non-managers (47.2%), women were underrepresented in management roles in Canada, holding 42.7% of middle management and 30.8% of senior management positions in 2021. Nonetheless, while women still earn less than their men counterparts, the gender wage gap has narrowed significantly: 8.7% for middle managers and 9.0% for senior managers in 2021, down from 19.3% and 20.0%, respectively, in 2001.
Women's representation in management roles varied by sector, being more prevalent in health care and social assistance, and in educational services, while significantly lower in construction and in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.
Relative to their representation among non-managers, immigrants and racialized individuals were also underrepresented in management roles, with women in these groups facing additional barriers. Indigenous women comprised 3.4% of middle managers, while their representation among senior managers was 4.5%, aligning closely with their share among non-managers at 4.1%.
Related publications
Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series
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