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Statistics Canada's Trust Centre

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All (55)

All (55) (20 to 30 of 55 results)

21. Using matched substitutes to improve imputations for geographically linked databases Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X20050018088
Description:
When administrative records are geographically linked to census block groups, local-area characteristics from the census can be used as contextual variables, which may be useful supplements to variables that are not directly observable from the administrative records. Often databases contain records that have insufficient address information to permit geographical links with census block groups; the contextual variables for these records are therefore unobserved. We propose a new method that uses information from "matched cases" and multivariate regression models to create multiple imputations for the unobserved variables. Our method outperformed alternative methods in simulation evaluations using census data, and was applied to the dataset for a study on treatment patterns for colorectal cancer patients.
Release date: 2005-07-21
22. Hierarchical Bayesian nonignorable nonresponse regression models for small areas: An application to the NHANES data Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X20050018089
Description:
We use hierarchical Bayesian models to analyze body mass index (BMI) data of children and adolescents with nonignorable nonresponse from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Our objective is to predict the finite population mean BMI and the proportion of respondents for domains formed by age, race and sex (covariates in the regression models) in each of thirty five large counties, accounting for the nonrespondents. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used to fit the models (two selection and two pattern mixture) to the NHANES III BMI data. Using a deviance measure and a cross-validation study, we show that the nonignorable selection model is the best among the four models. We also show that inference about BMI is not too sensitive to the model choice. An improvement is obtained by including a spline regression into the selection model to reflect changes in the relationship between BMI and age.
Release date: 2005-07-21
23. Cornerstones of Community: Highlights from the National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations Archived
Journals and periodicals: 61-533-X
Description:
This publication provides the first national portrait of the many thousands of nonprofit and voluntary organizations found in every Canadian community. The data, from the National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations, reveal a set of organizations that are widely diverse in nature, touching virtually every aspect of Canadians' lives.
Release date: 2005-06-30
24. Firms, Industries, and Unemployment Insurance: An Analysis Using Employer-employee Data from Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005260
Geography: Canada
Description:
The exploration of newly available administrative data in a number of countries has led to a growing realization that a careful study of the interaction between employer and employee characteristics is needed to fully understand labour market outcomes. The objective of this paper is to develop this theme by examining the design of social policy and its interaction with the labour market. The focus is on the Canadian unemployment insurance (UI) program. This analysis uses administrative data on the universe of employees, firms, and UI recipients in Canada over an 11 year period to examine the operation of UI from the perspective of the firm, paying particular attention to longitudinal issues associated with the pattern and causes of cross-subsidies. The findings show that persistent transfers through UI are present at both industry and firm levels. These cross-subsidies are concentrated among a small fraction of firms. An analysis using firm fixed effect indicates that almost 60 percent of explained variation in persistent cross-subsidies can be attributed to firm effects. Calculations of overall efficiency loss are very sensitive to the degree to which firm level information is used. A full appreciation of how social programs like UI interact with the labour market requires recognition of the characteristics and human resource practices of firms, and might be more fruitfully explored by implicit contract models of unemployment.
Release date: 2005-06-30
25. Weekly work hours and health-related behaviours in full-time students Archived
Articles and reports: 82-003-X20040048040
Geography: Canada
Description:
Using cross-sectional data from the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey, this study examines whether the number of hours worked by full-time students aged 15 to 17 is associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. As well, longitudinal data from the National Population Health Survey were used to determine if work hours are related to the initiation of smoking and alcohol consumption, and to changes in physical activity over a two-year period.
Release date: 2005-06-28
26. Consultations with doctors and nurses Archived
Articles and reports: 82-003-X20040048043
Geography: Canada
Description:
Characteristics associated with having consulted family physicians/general practitioners and nurses in the previous 12 months are examined. The locations of the most recent nurse consultation in 2001 and 2003 are compared.
Release date: 2005-06-28
27. Is inflation higher for seniors? Archived
Articles and reports: 62-001-X20050058080
Description:
This study examines the inflation rate experienced by seniors-only households from 1992 to 2004. Their inflation rate is compared with that of all other households and the official Consumer Price Index.
Release date: 2005-06-24
28. Using mean bootstrap weights in stata: A BSWREG revision Archived
Articles and reports: 12-002-X20050018031
Description:
This article presents revisions to a Stata "bswreg" ado file that calculates variance estimates using bootstrap weights. This revision adds new output and analytic features. The main feature added to the program enables researchers to apply mean bootstrap weights while accounting for the number of weights used to generate the average bootstrap weight. The Workplace and Employee Survey dataset will be used to illustrate the usefulness of this program. This revised version of the "bswreg" command is still an easy to use flexible tool, which is compatible with a wide variety of regression analytical techniques and datasets. The bswreg command and design-based bootstrap weights should only be used for inference when it is theoretically valid.
Release date: 2005-06-23
29. Aboriginal Conditions in Census Metropolitan Areas, 1981-2001 Archived
Articles and reports: 89-613-M2005008
Geography: Census metropolitan area
Description:
This report examines the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the Aboriginal population living in 11 metropolitan centres in 1981 and 2001. It studies the size, age and mobility of the population; the family structure of Aboriginal people; school participation and educational attainment; and the labour market characteristics and transfer dependence of Aboriginal people.
It finds that Aboriginal people living in the nation's largest metropolitan centres were faring better overall in 2001 than they were two decades earlier.
Nevertheless, these Aboriginal urban dwellers still faced many challenges, especially those in living in urban centres in the western provinces, where large gaps remained with their non-Aboriginal counterparts.
The report examines the Aboriginal identity population, which refers to those persons who identified with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit. The concept of identity allows for historical comparability with the concept used in the 1981 Census to discuss changes over time. Data came from the censuses of 1981, 1996 and 2001, as well as the 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.
The metropolitan areas examined include Montreal, Ottawa-Hull (now known as Ottawa-Gatineau), Toronto, Sudbury, Thunder Bay, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Calgary, Edmonton and Vancouver.
Release date: 2005-06-23
30. Spenders and savers Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X200510313138
Geography: Canada
Description:
The national savings rate has been oscillating around historic lows for several years, prompting concerns about the resilience of a macro-level economy increasingly reliant on debt-financed consumer spending. Many are also troubled by the balance sheets of households, where ever-expanding debt has rapidly outpaced earnings growth. The resulting record-high, debt-to-income ratios leave households more vulnerable to interruptions in income. This article examines changes in saving and spending patterns over 20 years, and differences in the characteristics and spending patterns of saving versus spending households.
Release date: 2005-06-20

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Articles and reports (51)

Articles and reports (51) (0 to 10 of 51 results)

1. Shifts in spending patterns of older Canadians Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X20051128982
Geography: Canada
Description:
As households age and labour market attachment diminishes, income, savings and wealth generally become less. Households also become smaller as adult children leave or a spouse dies. And spending patterns change. Using 'similar' households, this study looks at changes in spending patterns for households headed by persons aged 55 or older in 1982 and 2003.
Release date: 2005-12-20
2. Court Careers of a Canadian Birth Cohort Archived
Articles and reports: 85-561-M2005006
Geography: Province or territory
Description:
This is the first quasi-national Canadian study of the criminal careers of a birth cohort. It uses linked data from the Youth Court Survey and Adult Criminal Court Survey to describe the court careers up to the 22nd birthday of Canadians born in 1979/80. The study includes six provinces - Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Alberta - accounting for approximately 78% of the population of Canada.
Eighteen per 100 members of the cohort were referred to court for a criminal offence allegedly committed before their 22nd birthday. Thirteen were found guilty of at least one offence, and ten received a sentence which put them under the supervision of correctional or probation authorities. The peak age of referral to court is 18 years. On average, between the ages of 12 and 21 inclusive, alleged offenders were referred to court in connection with 3.1 criminal incidents' or 2.4, if administrative offences are excluded. Just over half of alleged offenders had only one incident in their court career. Seventeen percent of alleged offenders were classified as chronic offenders, who were responsible for 58% of all alleged criminal incidents.
Individuals whose contact with the court system begins later in adolescence tend to be involved in fewer criminal incidents. The lengths of court careers vary widely, but the mean and median lengths are 20 months and 13 months respectively. Age-specific annual rates of alleged offending are similar for accused males and females, and peak at 15 years of age. There is no particular tendency to escalation, de-escalation, or stability in the seriousness of repeated court referrals: all three patterns occur frequently. Thirty-seven percent of individuals with multiple court referrals have adolescent-limited careers (i.e. no incidents after the 18th birthday which resulted in court referral), 43% have adult-onset careers (no incidents before the 18th birthday), and 20% are persistent offenders (with incidents both as youths and as adults). The latter have many more criminal incidents in their careers and are much more likely than the others to have been referred to court for an offence against the person; however, the incidents in their careers are not more serious on average, and they are not more likely to have had an early onset of contact with the court system.
The file from which these results were derived could support much more detailed analyses of the topics which are touched on by this report, as well as other topics which have not been addressed, such as the timing of incidents during the career, the processing of cases through the courts, the sequence of case outcomes and sentences, and the interactions between sentencing and future offending, including the impact on careers of incapacitation. As additional years of court data become available, future research should follow court careers past the 22nd birthday. This will result in a more complete picture of the court careers of chronic, persistent offenders, as well as a more thorough investigation of the court careers of "adult-onset " offenders, who had no contact with the court system during adolescence.
Release date: 2005-12-09
3. Ethnocultural diversity in Canada: Prospects for 2017 Archived
Articles and reports: 11-008-X20050038968
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article uses Statistics Canada's most recent population projections for visible minority groups to draw a picture of the possible ethnocultural composition of the country when Canada celebrates its 150th anniversary in 2017. It focuses on a number of issues: How many Canadians might belong to a visible minority group in the near future? How many landed immigrants might there be? What are the predominant visible minority groups likely to be? Is diversity likely to remain concentrated in Canada's major urban centres?
Release date: 2005-12-06
4. Literacy and Digital Technologies: Linkages and Outcomes Archived
Articles and reports: 56F0004M2005012
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper investigates relationships between adult literacy skills and use of information and communications technologies (ICTs). Using the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL), it becomes possible to compare respondents' ICT use, based on self-assessed ICT use patterns and attitudes toward computers, with literacy skills and a number of socio-demographic characteristics, including age, gender and educational attainment. The paper offers data for Canada, its provinces and territories, as well as five other countries (Bermuda, the United States, Italy, Norway and Switzerland), allowing international and inter-provincial comparisons. An important objective of the paper is to examine outcomes associated with literacy skills in combination with patterns of ICT use, and this is achieved by profiling these characteristics and studying their relationships with respondent income. In addition, it offers a portrait of adults' computer and Internet use, including purposes of use, attitudes toward computers, and use of other ICTs, and analyzes such use, with a detailed focus on Canada.
Patterns of Internet and computer access confirm the existence of "digital divides" both within and between nations. Apart from Italy, differences between the countries included in this study are not large. However, as found elsewhere, large divides exist within countries when examining respondents grouped by their level of income. In Canada, the Western provinces, the territories, and Ontario emerge as leaders in ICT use, although regional patterns are complex and vary depending on the specific technology examined.
Many other factors are also strongly associated with respondents' ICT use. Age, gender, educational attainment, and level of literacy proficiency help predict whether a respondent is a "high-intensity" computer user. A significant decline in ICT use is found to occur after age 45 in all countries. The findings for ICT use by gender, however, were mixed. In the European countries included in this study (Italy, Norway and Switzerland), clear gender differences emerge but no such gap exists in North America. Respondents with less than upper-secondary education are significantly less likely to use computers for a range of purposes, and this pattern is most pronounced in Italy and Bermuda. In addition, scales that measure individuals' use of computers and the Internet, and attitudes toward computers, tend to increase with the literacy proficiency of respondents.
Finally, literacy and computer use profiles are strongly related to the likelihood that respondents have high earnings. In most countries included in this study, adults who have average or higher literacy skills and who are intensive computer users have about three to six times the odds of being in the top quartile of personal income, compared to respondents with below average literacy skills and less intensive computer use.
Release date: 2005-12-05
5. Solid waste in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 16-201-X20050008657
Geography: Canada
Description:
Waste has always been a by-product of human activity. Indeed, all aspects of our lives - working, playing, eating - generate some form of waste. Managing it has been a challenge for millennia, more so since the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century gave rise to unprecedented industrialization and urbanization. Canadians are concerned today about many waste-related issues. These include: The generation of waste - how much garbage is produced in Canada, and is production going up or down? The impact of waste on the environment - has the way we deal with garbage changed over the years? What are governments and others doing to address these concerns? This article examines these issues by creating a statistical portrait of solid waste in Canada.

Release date: 2005-12-02
6. Differences in the Distribution of High School Achievement: The Role of Class Size and Time-in-term Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005270
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper adopts the decomposition technique of DiNardo, Fortin and Lemieux (DFL, 1996) to decompose provincial differences in the distribution of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) test scores and assesses the relative contribution of provincial differences in the distribution of "class size" and time-in-term, other school factors and student background factors. Class size and time-in-term are both important school choice variables and we examine how provincial achievement differences would change if the Alberta distribution of class size and time-in-term prevailed in the other provinces. Results differ by province, and for provinces where mean achievement gaps would be lower, not all students would benefit.
Release date: 2005-11-22
7. Rising energy prices: How big a shock to consumers and industry? Archived
Articles and reports: 11-010-X20050118806
Geography: Canada
Description:
Gasoline's share of consumer incomes rose both because of higher prices and increased consumption. The increase for household fuel was less onerous, as electricity rates have been more restrained. A number of industries, such as farming, forestry and travel are struggling with the rising cost of energy inputs.
Release date: 2005-11-10
8. Trade Credit and Credit Rationing in Canadian Firms Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0027M2005036
Geography: Canada
Description:
Burkart and Ellingsen (2004) develop a model of trade credit and bank credit rationing which predicts that trade credit will be used by medium-wealth and low-wealth firms to help ease bank credit rationing. This paper tests this and other predictions of the Burkart and Ellingsen model using a large sample of more than 28,000 Canadian firms. The author uses an endogenous method to divide the firms into the appropriate wealth categories rather than arbitrarily selecting firms likely to be credit-rationed. The data support the main predictions of the model quite well. The author finds that medium-wealth firms substitute trade credit for bank credit consistent with using it to alleviate bank credit rationing. The low-wealth firms use trade credit but it is positively linked to bank credit, suggesting those firms are constrained in both bank credit and trade credit markets, and so cannot use trade credit to adjust as much to negative shocks. The findings also suggest that there are very few unconstrained, high-wealth Canadian firms. The author also finds low-wealth, declining and distressed firms supply proportionally more trade credit than firms with healthier balance sheets.
Release date: 2005-11-04
9. Network sampling with a bayesian approach Archived
Articles and reports: 11-522-X20040018730
Description:
This paper considers a link-tracing sampling design. It describes the Bayesian approach for the estimation of social network properties and gives an example.
Release date: 2005-10-27
10. The increasing importance of energy R&D in today's context Archived
Articles and reports: 88-003-X20050038767
Geography: Canada
Description:
In the context of the progressive depletion of the world's fossil fuel reserves, energy research and development (R&D) is turning towards renewable resources. This article shows a rise during the period 2000 to 2002, compared with the period 1994 to 1996, in the share of R&D dedicated to energy "alternatives", and in particular to renewable energy resources. Between the same periods, expenditures for "traditional" types of energy R&D have fallen.

Release date: 2005-10-26

Journals and periodicals (4)

Journals and periodicals (4) ((4 results))

1. Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada: Progress and Challenges of New Immigrants in the Workforce Archived
Journals and periodicals: 89-615-X
Geography: Canada
Description:
The Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC), conducted jointly by Statistics Canada and Citizenship and Immigration Canada under the Policy Research Initiative, is a comprehensive survey designed to study the process by which new immigrants adapt to Canadian society. About 12,000 immigrants aged 15 and older who arrived in Canada from abroad between October 2000 and September 2001 were interviewed. By late 2005, when all three waves of interviews will have been completed, the survey will provide a better understanding of how the settlement process unfolds for new immigrants.
The results of this survey will provide valuable information on how immigrants are meeting various challenges associated with integration and what resources are most helpful to their settlement in Canada. The main topics being investigated include housing, education, foreign credentials recognition, employment, income, the development and use of social networks, language skills, health, values and attitudes, and satisfaction with the settlement experience.
Results from the first wave of the LSIC had shown that labour market integration was a particularly critical aspect of the immigrant settlement process. This paper therefore focuses on this issue. The release addresses questions such as: how long does it take newly arrived immigrants to get their first job? How many of them find employment in their intended occupation? And what obstacles do they encounter when looking for work?
Release date: 2005-10-13
2. Cornerstones of Community: Highlights from the National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations Archived
Journals and periodicals: 61-533-X
Description:
This publication provides the first national portrait of the many thousands of nonprofit and voluntary organizations found in every Canadian community. The data, from the National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations, reveal a set of organizations that are widely diverse in nature, touching virtually every aspect of Canadians' lives.
Release date: 2005-06-30
3. Learning a Living: First Results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey Archived
Journals and periodicals: 89-603-X
Geography: Canada
Description:
"Learning a living: First results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey" presents new evidence on the nature and magnitude of the literacy gaps faced by OECD countries and how these gaps have evolved over the medium term.
The fundamental goal of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL) is to shed new light on the twin processes of skill gain and loss. The survey is sponsored by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
The report offers new insights into the factors that influence the formation and loss of adult skills in various settings - at home and at work - for the seven countries participating in the first round of data collection. The study offers the first comparative evidence on the impact of formal adult education and informal learning on the supply of skill. It also provides unique insight into the distribution of information and communication technology skills, and how these have amplified both productivity and wage inequality.
It is meant to assist decision makers in formulating policy in four areas:-Policies aimed at removing skill deficits that act as barriers to innovation, productivity and high rates of economic growth;-Policies designed to limit and reverse social exclusion and income inequality; -Policies that seek to reduce the unit cost of delivering public health care and education services;-Policies conceived to improve quality in all spheres, from public services to quality of life, individual fulfillment and happiness.
Release date: 2005-05-11
4. Summary of the Findings of the National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations Archived
Journals and periodicals: 61-533-S
Geography: Canada
Description:
This booklet summarizes the key results of the first National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations. These organizations have a significant economic presence and serve as vehicles for citizen engagement. However, many report significant challenges to their capacity to fulfill their missions.
Release date: 2005-03-11

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Date modified:: 2024-06-15