Employment and unemployment

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Key indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Employment - Canada
(August 2024)

20,536,000

0.1%

(monthly change)
Unemployment rate - Canada
(August 2024)

6.6%

0.2 pts

(monthly change)

More employment and unemployment indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Average weekly earnings - Canada
(June 2024)

$1,252.85

4.0%

(12-month change)
Jobs held by men, environmental and clean technology products sector - Canada
(2022)

233,296
Jobs held by women, environmental and clean technology products sector - Canada
(2022)

94,210
Average hourly wage, environmental and clean technology products sector—full-time jobs - Canada
(2022)

$54.12
Average hourly wage, environmental and clean technology products sector—part-time jobs - Canada
(2022)

$36.93
Participation rate for the population aged 25 to 54 years - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

85.6%
Percentage of immigrants in the labour force aged 25 to 54 years - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

27.7%
Workers using more than one language regularly at work - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

11.7%
Proportion of adults aged 25 to 54 years who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

49.8%
Proportion of adults aged 65 years and over who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

5.9%
% of workers using English or French at work - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

99.2%
% of workers using more than one language at work - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

15.4%

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Results

All (639)

All (639) (510 to 520 of 639 results)

511. Employment after childbirth Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X19990034682
Geography: Canada
Description:
Women are an integral part of the labour market. Understanding their work patterns can help employers manage birth-related work interruptions and, in the end, retain experienced employees. This article looks at the work patterns of women who gave birth between 1993 and 1994. It examines the timing of their return to paid work following a birth, and considers the personal and job characteristics of those who returned within two years and those who did not.
Release date: 1999-09-01
512. Baby boom women - then and now Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X19990034683
Geography: Canada
Description:
Have baby boom women had an easier path through the labour market than women a generation older or younger? This article studies the "success" of baby boom women by looking at their situation in 1977 and 1997 and comparing it with that of the preceding and succeeding generations, using four major indicators: labour force participation; full-time employment; unemployment; and full-year full-time earnings.
Release date: 1999-09-01
513. Employment and Remuneration in the Services Industries Since 1984 Archived
Articles and reports: 63F0002X1999024
Description:
In recent years, Canada's economy has continued to become more service-based. This shift is particularly evident when examining information by sector for Canada's workforce. This paper offers a descriptive historical overview of changes in employment and remuneration in the services sector during the 1984-97 period. Changes in full-time employment, part-time employment, self-employment, and average wages and salaries are noted.
As well, particular attention is devoted to shifts in these indicators for such service industries as: finance, insurance and real estate services; business services; food and beverage services; communication services; amusement and recreation services; and traveler accommodation services.
Release date: 1999-06-17
514. Working past age 65 Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X19990024601
Geography: Canada
Description:
Increasingly, men past the traditional retirement age (65) are continuing to work. This article examines whether changes in the workplace have accompanied this trend. The variables examined include self-employment, part-time work and flexible work arrangements.
Release date: 1999-06-09
515. Literacy in the workplace [1994] Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X19990024604
Geography: Canada
Description:
Previous studies of the job skills gap have focused on the problem of workers with literacy deficits. Yet, in terms of the costs to individuals, firms and the national economy, literacy surplus (or underemployment) is equally important. This article examines the "fit" or "mismatch" between job requirements and workers' literacy skills, profiling patterns of literacy use and under-use in the labour market. (Adapted from a report published by Statistics Canada and Human Resources Development Canada.)
Release date: 1999-06-09
516. An Analysis of Science and Technology Workers Deployment in the Canadian Economy, January 1999 Archived
Articles and reports: 88F0006X1999003
Description:
This paper examines the industrial distribution, and levels of unemployment of people who were educated in science and technology subjects at college, Bachelor, Master's and Ph.D. levels.
Release date: 1999-06-08
517. Rising Self-employment in the Midst of High Unemployment: An Empirical Analysis of Recent Developments in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M1999133
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper highlights recent developments in self-employment in Canada and explores its relationship to unemployment/full-time paid-employment. There are now two and a half million Canadians working at their own businesses, amounting to 16.2% of the total labour force or accounting for 17.8% of total employment. In the first eight years of the 1990s, self-employment on average expanded by 4.1% per year, contributing to over three out of four new jobs the economy has created. Entry and exit data demonstrate that there are substantial flows into and out of this sector of the economy. Gross flows into and out of self-employment as the main labour market activity averaged nearly half a million per year between 1982 and 1994, amounting to 42% of the total self-employed population.
The fixed-effects modelling results show a statistically significant but empirically small negative (positive) relationship between self-employment and unemployment (full-time paid- employment). This conclusion holds true across different data sources, for different time periods, for different measures and definitions, for different empirical samples, and across various estimating techniques. There is also a statistically significant but empirically small negative (positive) relationship between exits out of self-employment and unemployment (full-time paid- employment). It appears that a host of non-cyclical factors are behind the recent surge in self-employment.
Release date: 1999-04-27
518. Determinants of postsecondary participation Archived
Articles and reports: 81-003-X19980034470
Geography: Canada
Description:
In today's changing economy, government, policy organizations, and members of the business community all emphasize the importance of knowledge, skills and lifelong learning for individuals to succeed in the labour market and for the economy to grow. Postsecondary education has been targeted as one of the key vehicles for producing a labour force ready to meet the challenge of the new workplace.
Release date: 1999-03-31
519. Youth employment: a lesson on its decline Archived
Articles and reports: 81-003-X19980034471
Geography: Canada
Description:
Earlier this decade, labour market conditions for young Canadians aged 15-24 deteriorated significantly. In the late 1980s, youths were more likely to be working than were adults. By 1997, only about half were employed, almost ten percentage points less than adults. Furthermore, when they did find work, youths today are more likely to be working part-time compared to adults and compared to yourths at the start of the decade, leading to reduced pay.
Release date: 1999-03-31
520. The Entry and Exit Dynamics of Self-employment in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M1999134
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper i) documents the extent and cyclicality of self-employment entry and exit flows; ii) explores transitions to and from self-employment; and iii) investigates the influence of individual characteristics and labour market experience as well as macroeconomic conditions on the probability of moving into or out of self-employment.
The self-employed sector now employs over two and a half million Canadian workers, has expanded on average by over 4% a year so far in this decade and accounted for over three out of every four new jobs the economy has created. There are substantial flows both into and out of self-employment over the last 15 years. Gross flows into and out of self-employment averaged nearly half a million per year between 1982 and 1994, amounting to 42% of the total self-employed population.
Regression results reveal no statistical evidence supporting the dominance of the push hypothesis over the pull hypothesis --- the notion that people are increasingly pushed into self-employment by deteriorating economic conditions. This analysis is done both through time-series analysis and the analysis of the determinants of flows into (and out of) self-employment. As in paid employment, younger Canadians are subject to higher turnover in self-employment --- they are not only more likely to enter but also substantially more likely to leave self-employment. Prior paid-employment experience and prior self-employment experience are both found to be associated with a higher likelihood of entering self-employment. The longer one is self-employed, the less likely he/she is going to leave the business. Having a spouse in business (being self-employed) substantially increases the likelihood of the other spouse becoming self-employed --- a self-employed spouse often attracts the other to either join the family business or start their own. We also find evidence that steady family income through paid-employment from one spouse increases the self-employed's (the other spouse's) affordability to continue with the business venture and hence reduces the likelihood of leaving self-employment.
Release date: 1999-03-22

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Analysis (639)

Analysis (639) (0 to 10 of 639 results)

1. Small Area Estimation Methodology Using Labour Force Survey Data
Articles and reports: 75-005-M2024003
Description: This document briefly describes the small area estimation methodology developed to produce monthly estimates of employment and unemployment rate for census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations, and self-contained labour areas using data from the Labour Force Survey, Employment Insurance statistics and population projections.
Release date: 2024-09-17
2. Closing the gap? Assessing the labour market outcomes of unpartnered mothers in Canada
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202400100006
Description: Using data from the Labour Force Survey, this study assesses the degree to which employment and hourly wage rates of unpartnered mothers with young children have caught up to their partnered peers between 1997 and 2023. Focusing on mothers aged 18 to 49 with at least one child aged 5 or younger, the analysis examines differences between partnered (i.e., currently married or living common law) and unpartnered mothers, with disaggregation by unpartnered mothers who have never been married and those who were previously married. The study also examines employment and wage gaps by various diverse groups, such as the experiences of immigrant mothers, as well as Indigenous mothers.
Release date: 2024-09-11
3. Experimental Estimates of Potential Artificial Intelligence Occupational Exposure in Canada
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2024005
Description: This study provides experimental estimates of the number and percentage of workers in Canada potentially susceptible to AI-related job transformation based on the complementarity-adjusted AI occupational exposure index.
Release date: 2024-09-03
4. Most prevalent jobs of young master’s degree graduates by detailed field of study
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400800001
Description: Investing in a postsecondary education is an important decision in the lives of young people, because it may lead to significantly higher lifetime earnings, which may vary substantially across different disciplines. The purpose of this short article is to present results for master’s degree graduates aged 25 to 34 collected on the 2021 Census of Population. Only individuals who worked during the census reference week (May 2 to 8, 2021) and who completed a Canadian master’s degree program are included.
Release date: 2024-08-28
5. Canadian labour force: What will happen once baby boomers retire?
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202400100005
Description: This study uses various demographic scenarios to examine the effects of different immigration levels and labour force participation rates on the size and composition of the Canadian labour force to 2041. These scenarios take into account the targets of the 2024–2026 Immigration Levels Plan, published in November 2023 by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, as well as recent demographic developments, such as those related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in the number of permanent and temporary immigrants admitted to Canada in 2022 and 2023.
Release date: 2024-08-06
6. Employability, 2023
Articles and reports: 14-28-0001202400100004
Description: In the publication Quality of Employment in Canada, the employability indicator is the number of employees who feel it would be easy for them to find a job of a similar salary if they lost or quit their current job, expressed as a percentage of all employed persons.
Release date: 2024-07-25
7. Women in the environmental and clean technology sector
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400700003
Description: The Environmental and Clean Technology (ECT) sector in Canada plays a significant role in the nation's economy and efforts to combat climate change. Statistics Canada defines the ECT sector as encompassing activities related to environmental protection, resource optimization, and the use of energy-efficient goods. This study uses data from the Environmental and Clean Technology Products Economic Account to provide a comprehensive analysis of the sector's workforce diversity.
Release date: 2024-07-24
8. Foreign workers in Canada: Differences in the transition to permanent residency across work permit programs
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400600001
Description: Obtaining a work permit enables foreign nationals to work in Canada temporarily, and for many individuals, this serves as a stepping stone toward obtaining permanent residency (PR). This article examines the recent changes in the transition to PR across work permit programs and immigration pathways for individuals who have made the transition. The analysis focuses on work permit holders who are in Canada for work purposes under either the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) or the International Mobility Program (IMP).
Release date: 2024-06-26
9. Retention and recruitment of young skilled minority official language speakers in Canadian provinces
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400600002
Description: Retaining and recruiting young skilled workers are important for any community, but perhaps even more so for communities where the main language spoken is a minority official language. This article informs the issue by calculating the share of youth who grew up in a province and eventually obtained a postsecondary education, but who left to work in another part of the country (termed “skill loss”). Likewise, the article also looks at young postsecondary graduates who entered a province to work, as a share of that province’s initial population of homegrown young postsecondary graduates (termed “skill gain”).
Release date: 2024-06-26
10. Socioeconomic profile of working-age immigrants in same-sex couples in Canada from 2000 to 2020
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400600005
Description: Approximately one in four individuals in Canada is currently or has been a landed immigrant or permanent resident. From 2016 to 2021, about 1.3 million new immigrants arrived in Canada and accounted for 80% of the growth in the labour force. Alongside increases in immigrants, there has been a rise in same-sex couples within Canada. This study explores select sociodemographic and economic characteristics of immigrants in same-sex couples compared with their counterparts in opposite-sex couples from 2000 to 2020.
Release date: 2024-06-26

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Date modified:: 2024-09-18