Education and labour market outcomes
Key indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
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Percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 with a college or university credential - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)57.5% -
Percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)32.9%
More education and labour market outcomes indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
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Percentage point change in adults aged 25 to 64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher - Canada
(2016 to 2021)4.3(period-to-period change) -
Overqualification rate of immigrants aged 25 to 64 with a degree completed outside Canada - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)25.8% -
Percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)10.8% -
22.4%
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Percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 with a bachelor's degree or higher - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)28.5% -
Percentage of men aged 25 to 34 with an apprenticeship certificate - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)7.8% -
Percentage of women aged 25 to 34 with a bachelor's degree or higher - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)40.7%
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Survey or statistical program
- Census of Population (113)
- Postsecondary Student Information System (33)
- National Household Survey (31)
- National Graduates Survey (28)
- Annual Income Estimates for Census Families and Individuals (T1 Family File) (25)
- Youth in Transition Survey (9)
- Labour Force Survey (8)
- Registered Apprenticeship Information System (7)
- Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (7)
- Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (4)
- Longitudinal Immigration Database (3)
- Programme for International Student Assessment (3)
- National Apprenticeship Survey (2)
- Canadian Community Health Survey - Annual Component (2)
- Indigenous Peoples Survey (2)
- General Social Survey: Canadians at Work and Home (2)
- Council of Ministers of Education, Canada (2)
- Pension Plans in Canada (1)
- University and College Academic Staff System - Full-time Staff (1)
- Survey of Earned Doctorates (1)
- Adult Education and Training Survey (1)
- Survey of 1995 Graduates Who Moved to the United States (1)
- General Social Survey - Family (1)
- Time Use Survey (1)
- Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (1)
- Survey of Postsecondary Faculty and Researchers (1)
- Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on postsecondary students (ICPPS) (1)
Results
All (317)
All (317) (310 to 320 of 317 results)
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 3126Description: This survey is designed to determine such factors as: labour market and mobility plans after graduation, how graduates funded their doctoral studies and how much, if any, debt they accumulated during their studies and the time required to complete a doctoral degree. In addition, information on educational history and socio-economic background is collected.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 3156Description: The two primary objectives of the School Leavers Survey were 1. To develop comparative profiles of three groups of secondary school attendees a) those who successfully completed secondary school (graduates), b) those still attending (continuers), c) those who left school before receiving a diploma or certificate (leavers); and 2. To establish rates of leaving school before graduation, in Canada and the Provinces.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 4435Description: The Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) is a longitudinal survey undertaken jointly by Statistics Canada and Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. This survey is designed to examine the major transitions in the lives of youth, particularly between education, training and work.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 4500Description: The two primary objectives of the General Social Survey (GSS) are: to gather data on social trends in order to monitor changes in the living conditions and well being of Canadians over time; and to provide information on specific social policy issues of current or emerging interest. This survey monitored changes in education, work and retirement, and examined the relationships between these three main activities.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 5012Description: The National Graduates Survey collects information from persons who graduated from public postsecondary educational institutions in 2015. The questions focus on academic path, funding for postsecondary education, including government-sponsored student loans, and transition into the labour market.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 5058Description: The Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) is undertaken jointly by Statistics Canada and Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. This survey is designed to examine the major transitions in the lives of youth, particularly between education, training and work.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 5059Description: The Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) is undertaken jointly by Statistics Canada and Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. This survey is designed to examine the major transitions in the lives of youth, particularly between education, training and work.
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Data (136)
Data (136) (60 to 70 of 136 results)
- Table: 37-10-0189-01Geography: Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: OccasionalDescription: Statistics on the labour market outcomes of postsecondary graduates, including the employment status and estimated gross annual earnings, are presented by province of residence at interview, the level of study, the field of study, sex and work-integrated learning (WIL) participation.Release date: 2020-10-05
- 62. Distribution of earners, by highest certificate, diploma or degree and earnings/employment incomeTable: 37-10-0151-01Geography: Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: OccasionalDescription: Distribution of earners, by highest level of education and employment income, calculated from data collected in the 2016 Census of Population.Release date: 2019-09-18
- Table: 37-10-0152-01Geography: Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: OccasionalDescription: Average earnings, by age group and highest level of education, from the 2016 Census of Population.Release date: 2019-09-18
- Table: 98-400-X2016258Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This table presents major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016, occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016, highest certificate, diploma or degree, age and sex for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada.
Release date: 2018-05-30 - Table: 98-400-X2016271Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This table presents employment income statistics, work activity during the reference year, occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016, major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016, highest certificate, diploma or degree, age and sex for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada.
Release date: 2018-05-30 - Table: 98-400-X2016280Geography: Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partDescription:
This table presents employment income statistics, STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics and computer sciences) and BHASE (business, humanities, health, arts, social science, and education) (non-STEM) groupings, major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016, highest certificate, diploma or degree, location of study, immigrant status, class of worker and sex and age for the population aged 15 years and over who worked full-time full-year in 2015 in private households of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas.
Release date: 2018-05-30 - Table: 98-400-X2016281Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This table presents employment income statistics, work activity during the reference year, occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016, highest certificate, diploma or degree, age and sex for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada.
Release date: 2018-05-30 - Table: 98-400-X2016368Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This table presents occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016, highest certificate, diploma or degree, admission category and applicant type, period of immigration, age and sex for the immigrant population who landed between 1980 and 2016 aged 15 years and over, in private households of Canada, provinces and territories.
Release date: 2018-05-30 - Table: 98-400-X2016373Geography: Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration partDescription:
This table presents first official language spoken, occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016, highest certificate, diploma or degree and immigrant status and admission category for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015, in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.
Release date: 2018-05-30 - Table: 98-400-X2016374Geography: Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration partDescription:
This table presents mother tongue, industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012, knowledge of official languages, highest certificate, diploma or degree and immigrant status and admission category for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015, in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.
Release date: 2018-05-30
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Analysis (161)
Analysis (161) (60 to 70 of 161 results)
- 61. The Postsecondary Experience and Early Labour Market Outcomes of International Study Permit HoldersArticles and reports: 11F0019M2019019Description:
The number of temporary residents holding a postsecondary study permit in Canada has increased considerably in recent years. An increased inflow of international postsecondary students may result in more skilled labour being available to Canadian employers. However, this depends in part on how successful international students are in completing their programs and integrating into the labour market. This integration may require them to combine studies and work, as previous research has identified Canadian work experience as an important factor in determining the labour market success of immigrants (see Skuterud and Sui [2012] for a literature review). Some international students may decide to leave the country upon graduation and bring their newly obtained Canadian credentials with them to another country. The purpose of this study is to describe the postsecondary experience and early labour market outcomes of study permit holders.
Release date: 2019-09-20 - 62. Study: Do Youth from Lower- and Higher-income Families Benefit Equally from Postsecondary Education? ArchivedStats in brief: 11-001-X201911620405Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletinRelease date: 2019-04-26
- 63. Do Youth from Lower- and Higher-income Families Benefit Equally from Postsecondary Education? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2019012Description:
It has been well-documented that postsecondary graduates, on average, earn considerably more than others. Consequently, increasing postsecondary enrollment among youth from lower-income families—through targeted student aid or community outreach programs—may constitute an effective mechanism for promoting upward income mobility. However, there currently exists no evidence of the benefits of a postsecondary education (PSE) for youth from lower-income families per se. Using postsecondary administrative records and income tax records, this study bridges this information gap by estimating the association between earnings and PSE by level of parental income among a cohort of Ontario postsecondary graduates and a comparison group of Ontario youth who did not enroll in a postsecondary institution.
Release date: 2019-04-26 - Stats in brief: 11-001-X201904920085Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletinRelease date: 2019-02-18
- Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019006Description:
Using 2016 Canadian Census data, this article examines the socioeconomic status of the second generation of immigrants, whose population has become increasingly diverse. The analysis focuses on group differences by visible minority status in two aspects relating to socioeconomic mobility: (1) intergenerational progress in educational attainment, which indicates the ability to achieve higher education regardless of parents’ education, and (2) the relationship between education and labour market outcomes, which reveals the ability to convert educational qualifications into economic well-being.
Release date: 2019-02-18 - Stats in brief: 11-001-X201902319626Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletinRelease date: 2019-01-23
- Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019003Description:
Given the time and money invested in higher education by students, parents and governments, there is considerable interest in the economic outcomes of postsecondary graduates. Most assessments of recent graduates have focused on their short-term, early labour market results. As new entrants to the labour force, recent postsecondary graduates may be particularly vulnerable to the economic cycle. Consequently, comparisons of short-term outcomes across graduating cohorts may be highly dependent on prevailing economic conditions and may not reflect the longer-term returns on investments. This is the first study to compare the long-term labour market outcomes of two cohorts of young postsecondary graduates using linked census and tax data. Specifically, graduates who were 26 to 35 years old in 1991 were followed from 1991 to 2005 (when they were 40 to 49 years old) and compared with a similarly aged 2001 cohort, which was followed from 2001 to 2015.
Release date: 2019-01-23 - 68. Postsecondary education, a Maritime perspective ArchivedStats in brief: 11-631-X2018007Description:
In recognition of our agency’s 100th anniversary this year, this presentation will explore the societal and economic evolution of education in the Maritimes over the past century. It will also explore the current postsecondary landscape of enrolments, graduates and labour market outcomes in the Maritimes, with a Canadian perspective for context. Looking forward, this presentation will then illustrate how innovations in data strategies currently underway at Statistics Canada will change our understanding of education.
Release date: 2018-12-10 - Stats in brief: 11-627-M2018039Description:
This infographic details the median employment income earned by Canadian postsecondary graduates 2 and 5 years after obtaining their credential.
Release date: 2018-12-04 - 70. Refugees and Canadian Post-Secondary Education: Characteristics and Economic Outcomes in Comparison ArchivedArticles and reports: 89-657-X2018001Description:
This study draws on data from the Longitudinal Immigration Database to examine participation in Canadian post-secondary education (PSE) among adult immigrants in the 2002-2005 landing cohort, with an explicit focus on resettled refugees. The study describes the demographic characteristics of participants, the qualities of participation, and the economic returns on investment in Canadian PSE. It also employs multivariate regression analysis to further examine the effects of participation in Canadian training on employment incidence and the income of those employed, while controlling for other factors associated with successful economic integration.
Release date: 2018-11-14
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Reference (20)
Reference (20) (10 to 20 of 20 results)
- 11. Youth in Transition Survey - Project Overview ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 81-588-XDescription:
The Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) is a longitudinal survey designed to provide policy-relevant information about school-work transitions and factors influencing pathways. YITS will provide vehicle for future research and analysis of major transitions in young people's lives, particularly those between education, training and work. Information obtained from, and research based on, the survey will help clarify the nature and causes of short and long-term challenges young people face in school-work transitions and support policy planning and decision making to help prevent or remedy these problems.
Objectives of the Youth in Transition Survey were developed after an extensive consultation with stakeholders with an interest in youth and school-work transitions. Content includes measurement of major transitions in young people's lives including virtually all formal educational experiences and most labour-market experiences. Factors influencing transitions are also included family background, school experiences, achievement, aspirations and expectations, and employment experiences.
The implementation plan encompasses a longitudinal survey for each of two age cohorts, to be surveyed every two years. Data from a cohort entering at age 15 will permit analysis of long-term school-work transition patterns. Data from a cohort entering at ages18-20 will provide more immediate, policy-relevant information on young adults in the labour market.
Cycle one for the cohort aged 15 will include information collected from youth, their parents, and school principals. The sample design is a school-based frame that allows the selection of schools, and then individuals within schools. This design will permit analysis of school effects, a research domain not currently addressed by other Statistics Canada surveys. Methods of data collection include a self-completed questionnaire for youth and school principals, a telephone interview with parents, and assessment of youth competency in reading, science and mathematics as using self-completed test booklets provided under the integration of YITS with the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). A pilot survey was conducted in April 1999 and the main survey took place in April-May 2000. Interviews were conducted with 30,000 students aged 15 from 1,000 schools in Canada. A telephone interview with parents of selected students took place in June 2000.
The sample design for the cohort aged 18-20 is similar to that of the Labour-Force survey. The method of data collection is computer-assisted telephone interviewing. The pilot survey was conducted in January 1999. In January-February 2000, 23, 000 youth participated in the main survey data collection.
Data from both cohorts is expected to be available in 2001. Following release of the first international report by the OECD/PISA project and the first national report, data will be publically available, permitting detailed exploration of content themes.
Release date: 2001-04-11 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89F0120XDescription:
Direct measures of skill attainment such as the International Adult Literacy Survey are used to assess the importance of educational outcome skills such as literacy in determining labour market outcomes such as earnings. Policy makers also use them to direct resources most efficiently. However, these skill measures are the product of complex statistical procedures. This paper examines the mathematical robustness of the International Adult Literacy Survey measures against other possibilities in estimating the impact of literacy on individual earnings.
Release date: 2000-06-02 - 13. A latent class model for the transition from school to working life in presence of missing data ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19980015024Description:
A longitudinal study on a cohort of pupils in the secondary school has been conducted in an Italian region since 1986 in order to study the transition from school to working life. The information have been collected at every sweep by a mail questionnaire and, at the final sweep, by a face-to-face interview, where retrospective questions referring back to the whole observation period have been asked. The gross flows between different discrete states - still in the school system, in the labour force without a job, in the labour force with a job - may then be estimated both from prospective and retrospective data, and the recall effect may be evaluated. Moreover, the conditions observed by the two different techniques may be regarded as two indicators of the 'true' unobservable condition, thus leading to the specification and estimation of a latent class model. In this framework, a Markov chain hypothesis may be introduced and evaluated in order to estimate the transition probabilities between the states, once they are corrected or the classification errors. Since the information collected by mail show a given amount of missing data in terms of unit nonresponse, the 'missing' category is also introduced in the model specification.
Release date: 1999-10-22 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 3126Description: This survey is designed to determine such factors as: labour market and mobility plans after graduation, how graduates funded their doctoral studies and how much, if any, debt they accumulated during their studies and the time required to complete a doctoral degree. In addition, information on educational history and socio-economic background is collected.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 3156Description: The two primary objectives of the School Leavers Survey were 1. To develop comparative profiles of three groups of secondary school attendees a) those who successfully completed secondary school (graduates), b) those still attending (continuers), c) those who left school before receiving a diploma or certificate (leavers); and 2. To establish rates of leaving school before graduation, in Canada and the Provinces.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 4435Description: The Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) is a longitudinal survey undertaken jointly by Statistics Canada and Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. This survey is designed to examine the major transitions in the lives of youth, particularly between education, training and work.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 4500Description: The two primary objectives of the General Social Survey (GSS) are: to gather data on social trends in order to monitor changes in the living conditions and well being of Canadians over time; and to provide information on specific social policy issues of current or emerging interest. This survey monitored changes in education, work and retirement, and examined the relationships between these three main activities.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 5012Description: The National Graduates Survey collects information from persons who graduated from public postsecondary educational institutions in 2015. The questions focus on academic path, funding for postsecondary education, including government-sponsored student loans, and transition into the labour market.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 5058Description: The Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) is undertaken jointly by Statistics Canada and Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. This survey is designed to examine the major transitions in the lives of youth, particularly between education, training and work.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 5059Description: The Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) is undertaken jointly by Statistics Canada and Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. This survey is designed to examine the major transitions in the lives of youth, particularly between education, training and work.
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