Economic accounts

Description: The papers published in the Analysis in Brief analytical series shed light on current economic issues. Aimed at a general audience, they cover a wide range of topics including National Accounts, business enterprises, trade, transportation, agriculture, the environment, manufacturing, science and technology, services, etc.

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This table contains 29 series, with data for years 2009 - 2019 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Central government debt (29 items: A. Federal debt (accumulated deficit), (B - E); B. Net debt, (C - D); C. Liabilities, gross debt; Accounts payable and accrued liabilities; ...).

Description: This table contains 26 series, with data for years 2009 - 2019 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2019-07-29. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada), Central government operations (26 items: A. Budgetary balance, deficit (-) / surplus (+), (B - C); B. Revenues; C. Expenses; Program expenses; ...).

Description: This interactive dashboard presents key financial data for individual municipalities and other local public administrations.

Description: Canadian government finance statistics (CGFS), statement of operations and balance sheet data for individual municipalities and other local public administrations, annual, as reported by municipalities (dollars x 1,000).

Description: Canadian classification of functions of government (CCOFOG) for individual municipalities and other local public administrations, annual, as reported by municipalities (dollars x 1,000).

Description: The Office of the Auditor General of Canada has called for an examination of the degree to which Canada’s hard-to-reach populations receive the government benefits they are entitled to. This study assesses the degree to which immigrant couples who landed in Canada with young children from 2016 to 2019 received the Canada child benefit (CCB) in the year following landing.

Description: This presentation explores linkages between innovation, technology adoption and productivity. It highlights recent estimates of labour and multifactor productivity growth, drawing on recent surveys that can be used to profile the innovation and technological stance of Canadian businesses. It is intended to support ongoing research on the competitiveness of Canada’s economy.

Description: Statistics Canada regularly prepares presentations with statistical findings about the country’s economy, society and environment. These presentations may be intended for conferences, meetings with stakeholders, or other events held throughout the year to provide Statistics Canada with an opportunity to promote the role of official statistics and to better understand data users’ needs. This series provides online access to these presentations as well as new presentations created to help communicate research findings on a wide range of subjects to a broad audience.

Description: Economic and Social Reports includes in-depth research, brief analyses, and current economic updates on a variety of topics, such as labour, immigration, education and skills, income mobility, well-being, aging, firm dynamics, productivity, economic transitions, and economic geography. All the papers are institutionally reviewed and the research and analytical papers undergo peer review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate as a governmental statistical agency and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.

Description: This table contains 186 series (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada);  Income quintile (6 items: All quintiles; Lowest income quintile; Second income quintile; Third income quintile; ...);  Socio-demographic characteristics (31 items: All households; One-person households; Single less than 65 years; Single 65 years and older; ...).

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Monthly data of Canada's international investment position on foreign portfolio investment in Canadian bonds and Canadian money market instruments, at book value and market value. Positions are available by remaining maturity and sector.

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Monthly data on Canada's international investment position, foreign portfolio investment in Canadian bonds and Canadian money market instruments, by currency, by sector, at book value and market value.

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This table contains 28 series, with data for years 1991 - 2017 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada);  Type of instrument (2 items: Canadian bonds; Canadian money market instruments);  Geographic region (7 items: All countries; United States; United Kingdom; Other European Union countries; ...);  Valuation (2 items: Book value; Market value).

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Monthly data on international transactions in securities, net portfolio transactions in Canadian equity and investment fund shares by type of instrument, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

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Monthly data on international investment position, foreign portfolio investment in Canadian equity and investment fund shares by type of instrument, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), at market value.

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This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada);  Statistics (4 items: Value; Distribution of value; Value per household; Value per consumption unit);  Characteristics (21 items: All households; Lowest income quintile; Second income quintile; Third income quintile; ...);  Income, consumption and savings (23 items: Household disposable income; Compensation of employees; Net mixed income; Property income received; ...).

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Geography (14 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Prince Edward Island; Nova Scotia; ...);  Statistics (4 items: Value; Distribution of value; Value per household; Value per consumption unit);  Characteristics (1 item: All households);  Income, consumption and savings (23 items: Household disposable income; Compensation of employees; Net mixed income; Property income received; ...).

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Information on new issuances of securities by type of use of proceeds and by industry. The use of proceeds includes for merger and acquisition, exploration, for research and development, for working capital, for debt repayment and refinancing, and for general corporate purposes.

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Wealth and its subcomponent distributions, dollar values and dollar value per household, by household characteristics such as income quintile, age, housing tenure and composition, Canada, annual 2010 to 2019 and quarterly starting 2020.

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In the first half of 1998, Canada's travel account deficit reached a ten year low of $3 billion, down almost 18% from the same period in 1997. This is a positive sign. But, it should be recognized that Canada's travel account does not measure the financial health of its tourism industry. Canada's travel account simply measures the difference between earnings from visitors travelling in Canada and spending by Canadian residents travelling abroad.

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The Short Term Expectations Survey is a monthly survey conducted with a group of economic analysts from across the provinces to get a representative view of the Canadian economy.

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In this chapter we document trends in social transfers, market incomes and family composition from 1973 through 1995, and their impact on the incidence of low-income among four generations: children (new-borns to those 14 years of age), young adults (25 to 34), the older working-age population (45 to 54), and the elderly (over 65).

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In June 1997 Statistics Canada released revised National Tourism Indicators (NTI) data for the 1986 to 1996 period. NTI data can be used for three general purposes: to monitor the current state of tourism in Canada, to analyse the economic structure of tourism and its policy ramifications, and to study statistical trends and cycles in tourism.

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This publication presents data, charts, map and analytical text on trips and socio-economic characteristics of Canadians travelling within Canada. Trip information includes purpose, activities, mode of transportation, length of stay, origin and destination, and expenditures. In addition to providing national data, the publication also includes some tables presenting provincial and metropolitan detail.

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Recent studies have shown that companies with relatively high debt-to-asset (leverage) ratios exhibit more variability in investment and employment patterns. Other studies argue that high aggregate corporate leverage is associated with macroeconomic instability. This paper establishes and compares the evolution of aggregate corporate leverage trends in Canada and the United States from 1961 to 1996. Leverage has increased nearly 50 percent in both countries, and the majority of this increase is attributable to a greater use of short-term debt instruments. Although the magnitude of the increase is similar in both countries, the period harboring the lion's share of the increase is country-specific.

Most of the increase in corporate leverage in Canada occurred between 1974 to 1983; a period associated with low real interest rates and rapid capital expansion in western Canada. The brunt of the increase in American corporate leverage occurred between 1982 and 1990. Over this period, U.S. companies were in the process of massive capital restructuring by purchasing outstanding equity with borrowed funds. This period was also associated with an increase in the number and value of U.S. leveraged buy-outs that aided in pushing financial leverage higher.

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This paper summarizes major changes implemented in the balance of payments and international investment position.

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The document focusses on foreign holdings of Canadian bonds. It identifies the broad geographical foreign areas where the bonds are held, the Canadian sectors that issued foreign-held bonds, the currency of payment of these bonds, their term to maturity, and the interest expenses on them.

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The study provides an overall assessment of Canada's balance of payments statistics with a special focus on the statistical discrepancy over the 1970 to 1991 period.

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This paper explores the accounting relationship between the public debt and the foreign debt of the country as a whole. Public debt refers here to the debt of all three levels of government: federal, provincial and municipal.

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This Canadian Tourism Satellite Account Handbook developed by Statistics Canada is intended as a guide to how the Canadian Tourism Satellite Account (CTSA) is compiled. The Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) has become the internationally recognized framework and a vital tool by which to measure tourism activity in an economy. The goal of this handbook is to make the CTSA and its inner workings as transparent as possible by bringing previous internal documentation into the public realm along side previously published documents and new documentation. By sharing the Canadian practical experiences in development of the TSA, it should benefit other countries and other interested practitioners in the process of developing and understanding TSAs.

This handbook covers information on the relevant tourism and national accounting concepts and definitions related to the CTSA. Detailed explanations of the various survey data sources and the methods used to move this data into the TSA framework are discussed.

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The Canadian Productivity Accounts (CPA) of Statistics Canada maintain two multifactor productivity (MFP) programs.

The Major Sector Multifactor Productivity Program develops the indexes of MFP for the total business sector and major industry groups in the business sector.

The Industry Multifactor Productivity Program or the Industry KLEMS Productivity Program develops the industry productivity database that includes MFP indexes, output, capital (K), labour (L), energy (E), materials (M) and services (S) inputs for the individual industries of the business sector at various levels of industry aggregation. This paper describes the methodologies and data sources that are used to construct the major sector MFP indexes and the industry productivity database (or the KLEMS database). More specifically, this paper is meant to:provide a background of the major sector MFP program and the industry KLEMS productivity program;present the methodology for measuring MFP;describe the data sources and data available from the MFP programs;present a quality rating of the industry KLEMS productivity data; anddescribe the research agenda related to the MFP program.

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Effective with the 2006 Provincial Economic Accounts release on November 8, 2007, the expenditure-based gross domestic product (GDP) will be converted to a 2002 reference year for its volume and price estimates.

On October 31, 2007, the monthly gross domestic product (GDP) by industry estimates will use the North American Industry Classification System, NAICS 2002, and will convert to reference year 2002 for its volume estimates.

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This paper examines the various products associated with the quarterly labour productivity program. It outlines the nature of the volatility in the very short-run estimates and examines properties of the revisions made to the estimates of Canadian labour productivity and its components (gross domestic product and hours worked) since the inception of the program in 2001.

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How does one summarize a lifetime of professional accomplishment? In some instances, one good way is to compile a book, as we have done here. This volume brings together in one place the substantial number of papers written by Kishori Lal during his lengthy career as a national accounts statistician at Statistics Canada.

Kishori's papers cover a range of subject matter, responding to the twisting current of events through parts of five decades. They have one thing in common: All of the papers focus on one or another aspect of the development of Canada's System of National Accounts. Kishori believes deeply in and is utterly devoted to that system. It grew and evolved quite radically during Kishori's long career. The changes Canada's SNA went through followed closely, or in some cases led the development of the international SNA standard. He has left his mark indelibly on both.

The advent of the 1993 SNA gave the impetus for several papers. These examined the implications of the new standard for Canada's national accounts and explored issues associated with its practical implementation in the 1997 historical revision. 'Production' was always a central focus of his work and many of the papers in this volume consider aspects of Canada's input-output accounts. Over the years he also turned his attention to several specific production measurement issues, such as the treatment of 'financial intermediation services indirectly measured' (FISIM) and inventory change. International comparisons were a special interest. Indeed one of his best papers, written in the year before he retired, contrasted the United States national accounts with the Canadian accounts. This detailed and authoritative paper was widely acclaimed south as well as north of the border. Subsequently the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicated they intended to prepare a similar paper, extending the comparison to include the Australian national accounts, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in Paris asked if they could publish Kishori's work to give the study even wider exposure.

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The National Tourism Indicators will be revised back to 2001 and their volume and price estimates converted to a 2002 reference year, effective June 29, 2007.

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The expenditure-based gross domestic product (GDP) and associated components will be converted to a 2002 reference year for its volume and price estimates, effective May 31, 2007.

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This paper examines the effects of alternative specifications of the user costs of capital on the estimated price and volume indices of capital services. It asks how sensitive the results are to the use of exogenous versus endogenous rates of return, to alternate ways of including capital gains, and to whether corrections are made for tax rates. The paper also examines the effect of the various user cost formulae on the measured multifactor productivity growth.

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This paper generates depreciation profiles for a diverse set of assets based on patterns of resale prices and retirements. In doing so, it explores the sensitivity of estimates of the growth in capital stock and capital services to alternate estimates of depreciation.

In the first instance, survival analysis techniques are used to estimate changes in valuation of assets over the course of their service life. In the second instance, a two-step procedure is utilized that first estimates the discard function for used assets (assets discarded at zero prices) and then uses the resulting estimates to correct for selection bias that arises when just positive used-asset prices are employed to estimate age-price profiles to produce depreciation rates. For the third method, a discard function and an asset efficiency function are jointly specified and estimated.

These three different methods produce depreciation profiles that follow convex patterns. Accelerated profiles are apparent for many individual assets in the machinery and equipment and structures classes.

We also compare the ex post estimates of length of life that are based on outcomes to ex ante expected lives and find they are much the same. We therefore choose ex ante lives along with information from the ex post rates on the rate of decline in an asset's value to generate a set of depreciation rates for use in the productivity accounts.

We then use our depreciation model to produce estimates of the growth in capital stock and capital services over the 1961 to 1996 period. We find that the resulting estimates of capital stock and capital services are quite similar to those previously produced.

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This paper provides a brief description of the methodology currently used to produce the annual volume of hours worked consistent with the System of National Accounts (SNA). These data are used for labour input in the annual and quarterly measures of labour productivity, as well as in the annual measures of multifactor productivity. For this purpose, hours worked are broken down by educational level and age group, so that changes in the composition of the labour force can be taken into account. They are also used to calculate hourly compensation and the unit labour cost and for simulations of the SNA Input-Output Model; as such, they are integrated as labour force inputs into most SNA satellite accounts (i.e., environment, tourism).