Economic accounts

Description: These indexes are calculated to establish and adjust the Post Living Allowance (PLA) paid to Canadian government employees serving outside of Canada. They are comparative measurements that numerically express the difference between the retail prices of a representative basket of goods and services at a foreign location with prices for a similar basket of goods and services in Ottawa.

Three separate reports are provided to reflect the specific terms and conditions of service for these personnel. A description of each report is provided below.

Foreign Service Directives Post Indexes

These indexes are calculated for personnel serving under the terms and conditions of the Foreign Service Directives (FSDs). They reflect circumstances for personnel who may have access to certain goods and services that are free of duties or taxes or to sources of supply that are not available to the general public. Where employees do not have (either directly or indirectly) duty-free purchasing privileges, departmental administrators must consult with Statistics Canada to calculate an additional index to reflect the specific circumstances in effect at that post.

Global Affairs Canada (GAC) Post Indexes (TAH)

These indexes are calculated for cooperants and advisors serving under the Technical Assistance Handbook (TAH), whose terms and conditions are governed by Global Affairs Canada (GAC).

Canadian Forces Post Indexes

These indexes are calculated for Canadian Forces members serving under either the terms and conditions of the Military Foreign Service Instructions (MFSIs) or the Foreign Service Directives (FSDs). They reflect circumstances for personnel who may have access to sources of supply that are not available to the general public. These personnel also may have access to certain goods and services that are free of duties or taxes or may be provided with supplies or allowances by the Department of National Defence or the United Nations. The indexes in this listing are not appropriate for use by non-military personnel.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at basic prices, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) aggregates, by Industry, volume measures, monthly, 5 most recent time periods.

Description: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at basic prices, by various North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) aggregates, by Industry, volume measures, (dollars x 1,000,000), monthly, 5 most recent time periods.

Description: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at basic prices, by various North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) aggregates, by Industry, volume measures, all levels of industries, (dollars x 1,000,000), annual, 5 most recent time periods.

Description: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at basic prices, by various North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) aggregates, volume measures, industry detail, (dollars x 1,000,000), monthly, 5 most recent time periods.

Description: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at basic prices, by various North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) aggregates, growth rate and dollars, industry detail, (dollars x 1,000,000), monthly, 5 most recent time periods.

Description: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at basic prices, by various North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) aggregates, volume measures, lowest industry levels only, (dollars x 1,000,000), annual average, 5 most recent time periods.

Description: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at basic prices, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) aggregates, by Industry, volume measures, quarterly average.

Description: The National Culture Indicators Dashboard is an interactive tool that provides access to current and historical quarterly data on culture and sport Gross Domestic Product (GDP), output and jobs. The National Culture Indicators are an extension of the Provincial and Territorial Culture Satellite Account and the Provincial and Territorial Culture Indicators. The tool allows users to compare data on culture and sport, in Canada, by domains and subdomains.

Description: Quarterly gross and net debt to gross domestic product for federal and other levels of general government.

Description: Quarterly financial flows and stocks of household credit market debt, consumer credit, non-mortgage loans, and mortgage loans, on a seasonally adjusted basis.

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Annual data on Canada's international investment position, detailing portfolio investment and other investment by sector. Positions are evaluated at book value.

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Quarterly data on Canada's international investment position by sector and type of portfolio investment and other investment. Positions are evaluated at book value and at market value.

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Quarterly data on the currency composition of Canada’s international investment position, at market value.

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Quarterly data of the Canada's international investment position on asset liability and directional direct investments presentations, at market value.

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Quarterly data on international investment position, Canada's gross external debt position by currency and type of instrument, at book value and at market value.

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Quarterly data on change in Canada's international investment position, by type of investment, by account changes, at market value.

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Annual data of international investment position on Canada's gross external debt position by sector and type of instrument and direct investment lending.

Description: Annual data on Canada's international investment position by type of investment, at book value. Positions are available for 6 countries/regions.

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Productivity and wages tend to be higher in cities. This is typically explained by agglomeration economies, which increase the returns associated with urban locations. Competing arguments of specialization and diversity undergird these claims. Empirical research has long sought to confirm the existence of agglomeration economies and to adjudicate between the models of Marshall, Arrow and Romer (MAR) that suggest the benefits of proximity are largely confined to individual industries, and the claims of Jacobs (1969) that such benefits derive from a general increase in the density of economic activity in a particular place and are shared by all occupants of that location. The primary goal of this paper is to identify the main sources of urban increasing returns, after Marshall (1920). A secondary goal is to examine the geographical distance across which externalities flow between businesses in the same industry. We bring to bear on these questions plant-level data organized in the form of a panel across the years 1989 and 1999. The panel data overcome selection bias resulting from unobserved plant-level heterogeneity that is constant over time. Plant-level production functions are estimated across the Canadian manufacturing sector as a whole and for five broad industry groups, each characterized by the nature of their output. Results provide strong support for Marshall's (1920) claims about the importance of buyer-supplier networks, labour market pooling and spillovers. The data show spillovers enhance plant productivity within industries rather than between them and that these spillovers tend to be more spatially extensive than previous studies have found.

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This paper empirically illustrates the impact of ongoing changes to Canada's terms of trade. It provides a discussion of how the terms of trade are measured and how to interpret terms of trade shifts. Examples of two major factors affecting Canada's terms of trade are provided, followed by an empirical analysis of how the terms of trade improvements that began in early 2003 have affected consumption, investment and import activity. The paper concludes by illustrating why final domestic demand growth has outpaced real GDP growth since 2003.

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This paper empirically illustrates the impact of ongoing changes to Canada's terms of trade. It provides a discussion of how the terms of trade are measured and how to interpret terms of trade shifts. Examples of two major factors affecting Canada's terms of trade are provided, followed by an empirical analysis of how the terms of trade improvements that began in early 2003 have affected consumption, investment and import activity. The paper concludes by illustrating why final domestic demand growth has outpaced real GDP growth since 2003.

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This paper illustrates how the statistical architecture of Canada's System of National Accounts can be utilized to study the size and composition of a specific economic sector. For illustrative purposes, the analysis focuses on the information and communications technology (ICT) sector, and hence, on the set of technology-producing industries and technology outputs most commonly associated with what is often termed the high-technology economy. Using supply and use tables from the input-output accounts, we develop integrated ICT industry and commodity classifications that link domestic technology producers to their principal commodity outputs. We then use these classifications to generate a series of descriptive statistics that examine the size of Canada's high-technology economy along with its underlying composition. In our view, these integrated ICT classifications can be used to develop a richer profile of the high-technology economy than one obtains from examining its industry or commodity dimensions in isolation.

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In this paper, we provide an international comparison of the growth in Canadian and U.S. manufacturing industries over the 1961-to-2003 period. We find that average annual growth rates of labour productivity growth were almost identical in the Canadian and U.S. manufacturing sectors during this period. But the sources of labour productivity growth differed in the two countries. Intermediate input deepening was a more important source of labour productivity growth in Canada than in the United States, while investment in capital and multifactor productivity (MFP) growth were more important in the United States than in Canada. After 1996, labour productivity growth in Canada was lower than in the United States. The post-1996 slower labour productivity growth in Canada relative to the United States was due to slower growth in MFP and slower growth in capital intensity. The slower MFP growth in Canada accounted for 60% of Canada - United States labour productivity growth difference, and slower growth in capital intensity accounted for 30%. The slower MFP growth in the Canadian manufacturing sector relative to that of the United States after 1996 was due to lower MFP growth in the computer and electronic products industry. The slower growth in capital'labour ratio in the Canadian manufacturing compared with the United States after 1996 is related to the changes in relative prices of capital and labour inputs in the two countries.

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This paper examines whether cross-border shopping has taken flight with the loonie. It finds that measured by the number of trips to the US, the average spent per trip or even online purchases, the recent increase in cross-border shopping has been minimal, especially outside of Ontario. More notable is the drop in US visitors to Canada. Meanwhile, overseas travel in and out of Canada continues to grow rapidly.

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Natural resources, including energy, timber and minerals, contribute significantly to Canada's total wealth. This article examines the growth in resource wealth, from 1997 to 2006. It also describes the changes in natural resource prices, reserves and extraction costs.

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This paper examines the effect of aberrant observations in the Capital, Labour, Energy, Materials and Services (KLEMS) database and a method for dealing with them. The level of disaggregation, data construction and economic shocks all potentially lead to aberrant observations that can influence estimates and inference if care is not exercised. Commonly applied pre-tests, such as the augmented Dickey-Fuller and the Kwaitkowski, Phillips, Schmidt and Shin tests, need to be used with caution in this environment because they are sensitive to unusual data points. Moreover, widely known methods for generating statistical estimates, such as Ordinary Least Squares, may not work well when confronted with aberrant observations. To address this, a robust method for estimating statistical relationships is illustrated.

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This paper examines the impact of the revisions to labour productivity estimates and related variables covering the revision cycle of the National Accounts from 2003 to 2006 for Canada and from 2004 to 2006 for the United States.

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Evaluations of an economy's economic performance are often made using a measure of real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which represents the average remuneration (labour income plus capital services) that an economy generates through domestic production.

Because real GDP is a constant dollar measure of the remuneration to capital and labour in an economy, it does not account for who owns the capital, how much of it is used up through production or how relative price shifts affect the volume of goods and services that can be purchased.

Modifications can be made to traditional estimates of GDP to account for these factors. This paper examines the performance of the Canadian economy using alternate measures' gross domestic income, gross national income and net national income. The paper also examines the relative performance of the Canadian and U.S. economies using standard GDP measures and these alternate measures.

The comparison spans the period from 1980 to 2006, but focuses on the 2002-to-2006 period. During these latter years, changes in commodity prices, manufactured goods prices, the exchange rate, international investment income and capital consumption have all contributed importantly to real income growth in Canada.

As a result, a very different picture of relative performance of the Canadian and U.S. economies emerges when an aggregate income measure is used that accounts for relative price changes, international income flows and capital consumption than when real GDP is used. From 2002 to 2006, U.S. real GDP per capita grew 9.3% while Canadian GDP per capita rose 7.0%, making it appear that the U.S. economy was outperforming the Canadian economy. However, once changes in resource prices and the exchange rate, international investment income and capital consumption are taken into account, real income per capita in the United States increased by 8.6%, which is similar to its GDP per capita growth. However, the Canadian adjusted measure of real income per capita growth rose 15.6%, more than twice the per capita real GDP growth in Canada and nearly double the U.S. rate.

In contrast, the difference between the two economies was exactly the opposite in the period from 1980 to 2000 when commodity prices were falling, when the exchange rate was not appreciating and when outward flows of income to foreigners were increasing relative to the income paid to Canadians. During this period, when consideration is given to these factors, real income measures in Canada were falling relative to those in the United States.

Description: The Activities of Foreign Majority-Owned Affiliates in Canada describes the characteristics, activity, financial position and performance of Foreign Majority-Owned Canadian Affiliates (FMOCAs) of foreign multinational enterprises. Inward Foreign Affiliate Statistics (FATS) are an extension of statistics on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Canada.

Description: The survey will be used in conjunction with other data sources to understand how the planned legalization of cannabis for non-medical use could impact the Canadian economy as well as other health and social services.

Description: The data collected are being used in the Canadian system of national accounts to support the creation and validation of measures relating to the importance of the cannabis sector in the Canadian economy.

Description: The securities statistics cover issuances and holdings of financial negotiable instruments. Securities include debt instruments designed to be traded in financial markets, such as treasury bills, commercial paper and bonds, as well as equity instruments, such as listed shares. The statistics relate to outstanding amounts (stocks) and net transactions (new issues net of redemptions).

Description: The Environmental Tax Account (ETA) is one of the elements of the United Nations System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Central Framework (SEEA-CF), which was adopted as an international standard in 2012. This account records, in monetary units, government revenues generated from environmental tax from industry, government, non-profits and households.

Description: This is non-Statistics Canada information.