Economic accounts

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Productivity analysis is one of the major foundations of the analysis of long-term economic growth. It is important to study productivity in order to identify the factors that contribute to it and to explore the relationship that exists between productivity, growth and international competitiveness.

Statistics Canada produces partial productivity indexes for some 30 industries and the business sector of the economy on an annual basis. However, little is known about the real output, productivity, and price trends in the construction industry. Four opportunities for productivity research in the construction industry are evident, (a) investigation of the available productivity measures, (b) alternative approaches to the implicit methods currently used in the compilation of output price indexes, (c) estimation of productivity within particular sectors of the construction industry, and (d) comparison of productivity on an interprovincial or international basis.

In this paper we will focus on the first two of the four alternatives and will give examples of the last two. In particular, by formalizing the adjustments that are made to the input factors used in the development of output indexes, we contend that the result will be more impartial and enduring. Generally, our goal is to investigate and promote measures that will be available and attractive to the construction industry as it begins to demand more electronic information. The purpose is to derive, eventually, some new productivity estimates based upon the best available statistics.

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The first of two features on the Northwest Territories and the Yukon, this article compares the North's economic and employment trends with those in the rest of the country. Occupation, industry and selected population characteristics are also studied.

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Jobs have been declining in the clothing industry since the late 1980s while production has grown. This article examines this trend, profiles those employed in the industry since 1981, and discusses factors most likely to affect future employment trends. National, provincial and

international data are also presented.

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Tourism is without question an important sector of the Canadian economy. In 1996, the tourism sector in Canada generated revenues which rose to a record level of $41.8 billion; 492,000 people were employed in the tourism sector.

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About once every five years, the System of National Accounts (SNA) is rebased to keep up with the evolution of prices in the economy. In other words, its aggregates at constant prices are recalculated in terms of the prices of a more recent time. Also, the System is revamped about once a decade to introduce new accounting conventions, improved methods of estimation and revised statistical classifications. These revisions will change the gross domestic product (GDP) of the past 70 years. Both types of revision are presently underway, with their results scheduled for release next year.

This article takes an advance look at the likely effect of rebasing the SNA on the record of growth since 1992. It presents the results of an approximate rebasing of the expenditure-based GDP of the quarterly National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA).

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The International System of National Accounts 1993 (1993 SNA) was prepared and published under the auspices of the Inter-secretariat Working Group on National Accounts. This working group consists of the Statistical Office of the European Communities, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development, the Statistical Division and regional commissions of the United Nations Secretariat, and the World Bank. The adoption of this document for universal implementation was unanimously recommended to the United Nations Economic and Social Council by its Statistical Commission at the 27th session, held in New York from February 22 to March 3, 1993. The plan for implementing the 1993 SNA system, however, does not seem to be as well organized as its production was.

Very detailed comments have been made on this document in two papers entitled 'The 1993 International System of National Accounts vis-à-vis The Canadian System of National Accounts,' and 'The 1993 International System of National Accounts and the Canadian Input-Output Tables.' In a summary fashion, the present paper highlights certain important areas where the Canadian System of National Accounts (CSNA) will need to revise its practices to conform to the 1993 SNA. The reader is encouraged to refer to these two papers for further details.

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One of the most significant financial market trends is the increased use of derivative instruments. Across the entire investment spectrum, from private investors to major banks and large institutional fund managers, the use of derivative products is becoming encompassing. Derivatives can be broadly defined as secondary assets, the value of which changes in concert with price movements of a related or underlying primary asset. These instruments may be divided into four broad categories: futures, forwards, options and swaps. Trading on established exchanges, and very active in over-the-counter markets, derivative contracts have become fundamental tools in both domestic and international finance.

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Following normal practice, the annual revision of the National Economic and Financial Accounts has been carried out and the revised estimates have been released along with those for the first quarter of 1995. This annual revision of the different parts of the System of National Accounts is an integrated process, with revised estimates of the Income and Expenditure Accounts, Financial Flow Accounts and the Balance of International Payments being released simultaneously. Corresponding revisions to the monthly estimates of gross domestic product (GDP), by industry and to the Input-Output Accounts at current and constant prices will be completed in August.

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When productivity increases in a sector, does it mean employment growth? This article explores the question and introduces a new concept: multifactor productivity.

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There has been growing interest in recent years about the scope of tourism in Canada. In response to this demand for information, Statistics Canada has developed a Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) which provides some answers to questions such as: Which industries constitute 'the tourism industry'? What are the industry's gross domestic product (GDP) and employment rates? And what is the extent of tourism-related expenditures?

This article reports on the research that Statistics Canada has undertaken as part of an ongoing examination of the tourism industry.

Description: Quarterly data by level of government.

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The value added in exports database provides data on the exports and imports of industries, as well as on the direct and indirect impact of each industry’s production for exports on industry and on total gross domestic product and jobs. Industry impacts can be viewed from the perspective of their incidence on other industries or from the perspective of an industry’s dependence on other industries. The data rely on the supply and use tables, which provide the basis for the calculations. Beginning with reference year 2013, a provincial and territorial dimension has been added to the measures. Imports embodied in exports have also been expanded to show their United States (US) and non-US origins.

Description: The symmetric industry by industry input-output tables show inter-industry transactions, that is, all purchases of an industry from all other industries as well as expenditures on imports and the components of value added such as wages and gross operating surplus. Similarly, the symmetric final demand tables show all purchases by each final demand category from all industries as well as expenditures on imports. The symmetric input-output tables are analytically derived from the industry by product supply and use tables. The tables are available at the Detail level and at the Link 1997, Link 1961 and Summary aggregations.

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The symmetric industry by industry input-output tables show inter-industry transactions, that is, all purchases of an industry from all other industries as well as expenditures on imports and the components of value added such as wages and gross operating surplus. Similarly, the symmetric final demand tables show all purchases by each final demand category from all industries as well as expenditures on imports. The symmetric input-output tables are analytically derived from the industry by product supply and use tables.

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The symmetric industry by industry input-output tables show inter-industry transactions, that is, all purchases of an industry from all other industries as well as expenditures on imports and the components of value added such as wages and gross operating surplus. Similarly, the symmetric final demand tables show all purchases by each final demand category from all industries as well as expenditures on imports. The symmetric input-output tables are analytically derived from the industry by product supply and use tables.

Description: The infrastructure economic accounts represents a set of statistical statements that record the economic, social and environmental impacts related to the production and use of infrastructure in Canada and each province and territory. The infrastructure economic accounts are organized using a statistical framework that outlines the concepts, classification systems and methods required to construct the accounts. This statistical framework is consistent with the Canadian system of national accounts, Canadian government finance statistics and Canada's balance of payments. This consistency permits users to analyze the infrastructure related statistical statements in the context of economy wide measures such as investment, gross domestic product (GDP), national income and wealth.

Description: Infrastructure is the physical structures and systems that support the production of goods and services and their delivery to and consumption by governments, businesses and citizens. The industry undertaking that infrastructure investment is also presented. Accumulating investment flows over time produces an estimate of the stock of infrastructure assets. The perpetual inventory method is used as it estimates a value of the net stock of fixed assets in existence and in the hands of producers which is generally based on estimating how many of the fixed assets installed, as a result of investment undertaken in previous years, have survived to the current period. The depreciation of that stock is calculated using the geometric method with asset specific depreciation profiles.

Description: The economic contribution as a result of the production of infrastructure assets due to investment is presented for valued added (GDP), compensation of employees and number of jobs. Value-added is a key measure of economic performance. It represents the output of an industry minus the value of intermediate inputs that were used up in the production of the goods and services. Within the Infrastructure Economic Accounts, this is the value added due to an industry's production of infrastructure assets. The number of jobs represents the number of jobs held by the self-employed, employees and unpaid family workers. The compensation of employees represents the wages and salaries, and supplementary labour income due to labour inputs for the production of infrastructure assets.

Description: The average age of investment is the weighted age of all investments remaining in the gross stock at year end. The remaining useful life, which is the difference between the average age of the investment spending and their expected service life, is then divided by the expected service life, creating a ratio that indicates the percentage of the asset class that remains.

Description: Expansion of the Infrastructure Economic Accounts focusing on the environmental aspect to aid in understanding the relationship between investment in infrastructure and the environment. Main indicators include greenhouse gas emissions as a result of production of infrastructure assets, greenhouse gas emissions per value-added, and clean input proportion.

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This paper looks at the size of public infrastructure in Canada, its main components, how it has evolved over the last 40 years, and the extent to which it has contributed to Canada's standard of living and the performance of Canadian businesses.

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This document contains historical analysis of the provincial and territorial economies from 1981 to 2002. It looks at their structural changes from the perspectives of the evolution of industries and the different components of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

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This document contains historical analysis of the provincial and territorial economies from 1981 to 2002. It looks at their structural changes from the perspectives of the evolution of industries and the different components of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

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One of five articles providing historical analysis of the provincial and territorial economies from 1981 to 2002.

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The paper looks at the level of Canadian direct investment abroad (CDIA) from 1999 to 2001 and examines the impact on it of acquisitions of foreign companies and sales of foreign affiliates.

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On July 9, 2003, Statistics Canada announced a new Internet publication Updates on Economic Analysis (Catalogue no. 11-623-XIE, free). The publication provides a concise summary of ongoing research programs in micro-economics and national accounts. For each theme, the purpose and scope of the research program are described, along with the major analytical issues that are addressed in supporting studies. It also presents a summary of major findings.

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This publication presents estimates of government revenues attributable to 1998 tourism. The main data sources are the Provincial and Territorial Tourism Satellite Account, the Input-Output tables and T-4 tax remittance files.

Government revenue covers receipts from-taxes on incomes (i.e., on employment earnings, corporate profits, net income of unincorporated business and government business enterprises)-contributions to social insurance plans (i.e., premiums for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan, Employment Insurance and Workers Compensation)-taxes on production and products (such as sales and property taxes)-sales of government goods and services.

These revenue sources are broken down into parts that can and cannot be attributed to tourism, for government as a whole and for the three levels of government (federal, provincial/territorial and municipal) separately. Estimates of the government revenue generated per dollar of tourism spending are reported as well.

The publication contains several summary tables showing revenues attributable to tourism by level of government and by source of revenue, as well as several appendix tables showing results by detailed industry and commodity. It also contains a discussion of the concepts, definitions, data sources and methods used in the study.

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This article describes productivity trends since 1981, the role of different industries and information technology (IT) in the recent acceleration, and the implications for Canada's prosperity.

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Canada's international travel deficit - the difference between what Canadians spend abroad and what foreigners spend in Canada - rose from $427 million in the fourth quarter of 2002 to an estimated $585 million in the first quarter of 2003. This was the first increase in Canada's travel deficit since the second quarter of 2002. Canada's travel deficit with the United States grew because both the number of trips made by Americans to Canada and their travel spending declined. Canada's travel deficit with countries other than the United States reached a new high in the first quarter because overseas visitors spent less in Canada and Canadian travellers increased their spending in overseas countries.

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This paper examines the influence of the expansion of the unincorporated self-employed on growth in labour productivity in the business sector and compares Canadian and U.S. experiences over the 1987 to 1998 reference period.

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This article has been prepared to help users understand the changes introduced as a result of the historical revision of the international accounts of the Canadian System of National Accounts (CSNA), due to the implementation of the new international standards published in System of National Accounts 2008 and in Balance of Payments Manual, Sixth Edition.

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Macroeconomic data for Canada, including Canada's National Accounts (gross domestic product (GDP), saving and net worth), Balance of International Payments (current and capital account surplus or deficit and International Investment Position) and Government Financial Statistics (government deficit and debt) are based on international standards. These international standards are set on a coordinated basis by international organizations including the United Nations, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and Eurostat, with input from experts around the world. Canada has always played an important role in the development and updating of these standards as they have transformed from the crude guidelines of the early to mid 20th century to the fully articulated standards that exist today.

The purpose of this document is to introduce a new presentation of the quarterly National Accounts (Income and Expenditure Accounts, Financial Flow Accounts and National Balance Sheet Accounts) that will be published with the conversion of the Canadian National Accounts to the latest international standard - System of National Accounts 2008.

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This paper provides a preview of the comprehensive (historical) revision of the Canadian System National Accounts to be released beginning in June 2012. The last revision of this scope took place in 1997. The paper highlights the changes resulting from the adoption of SNA2008 which is the revised international standard for national accounting, along with statistical revisions arising from new and improved source data and methodologies. Updates to the classification systems used in the Canadian System of National Accounts are also presented along with a list of changes planned for 2014.

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This note provides a brief explanation of the impact that the transition from reporting financial statements under Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (CGAAP) to the new, internationally unified financial accounting framework of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) will have on the Canadian Financial Flow Accounts and the National Balance Sheet Accounts estimates.

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A detailed exposition of how the pattern of quarterly growth affects the average annual growth rate, including the relative importance of these quarters in determining growth These basic principles are applied to monthly and quarterly growth.

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This paper presents the background, methodological change and implementation of the revised real import and export adjustments that account for exchange rate fluctuations.

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This article discusses the revision policy of the Canadian System of National Accounts

Description: This guide presents an overview of the scope and structure of the Pension Satellite Account as well as the methodology used to derive its stocks and flows estimates.

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Measures of productivity are derived by comparing outputs and inputs. The System of National Accounts (SNA) in Canada provides a useful framework for organizing the information required for comparisons of this type. Integrated systems of economic accounts provide coherent, consistent alternate estimates of the various concepts that can be used to measure productivity.

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The majority of Canada's national, provincial and territorial macroeconomic indicators originate from the Canadian System of National Accounts (CSNA). These indicators include such things as gross domestic product, net worth, savings, personal disposable income and government debt. Statistics Canada is launching a project that will make key changes to these macroeconomic indicators. The changes introduced by this project are outlined in this paper.