Housing

Description:

The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs and income.

Description:

The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs and income.

Description:

The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs and income.

Description:

The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part A provides basic demographic, mother tongue, dwelling, household and family data collected from all households, that is, on a 100% basis. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs and income.

Description:

The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part A provides basic demographic, mother tongue, dwelling, household and family data collected from all households, that is, on a 100% basis.

Description:

The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part A provides basic demographic, mother tongue, dwelling, household and family data collected from all households, that is, on a 100% basis.

Description: The New Housing Price Index (NHPI) is a monthly series that measures changes over time in the contractors' selling prices of new residential houses, where detailed specifications pertaining to each house remain the same between two consecutive periods.

Description: The purpose of the survey is to collect tuition fees and living accommodation costs for all publicly funded universities and degree-granting colleges in Canada.

Description: The Household Facilities and Equipment Survey was conducted to collect up to date data on household equipment, to provide an indication of the Canadian life standard and to pick up changes in the household characteristics.

Description: This discontinued survey was conducted to provide socio-demographic data related to the housing and to household facilities and equipment.

Description: Dimensions of core housing need, by tenure including first-time homebuyer and social and affordable housing status, Canada, provinces, populations centres, select census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs).

Description: This table contains 1812 series, with data for years 2009 – 2018 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (14 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Prince Edward Island; Nova Scotia; New Brunswick;… ) Prices (3 items: Current prices; 2017 constant prices; Chained (2017) dollars) Sector (4 items: Total all sectors; Business sector; Government sector; Non-profit institutions serving households sector) Flows and stocks (3 items: Investment; Geometric depreciation; Geometric end-year net stock) Assets (7 items: Total assets; Total non-residential; Non-residential buildings; Engineering construction; ...).

Description: The Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer empowers users to discover geo enabled data holdings of Statistics Canada at various levels of geography including at the neighbourhood level. Users are able to visualize, thematically map, spatially explore and analyze, export and consume data in various formats. Users can also view the data superimposed on satellite imagery, topographic and street layers.

Description:

Data on the number of residential property owners and their assessment value by ownership type, residency status and number of properties owned. As well as data on the number of resident buyers of properties sold in a market and a non-market sale, during the previous reference period, and data on the sale price of those properties sold in a market sale.

Description:

Data on the number of business and government owners of residential property, and the total assessment value of the properties they own, by legal type, industry and the number of properties owned.

Description: Data on resident owners who are persons occupying one of their residential properties: sex, age, total income, the type and the assessment value of the owner-occupied property, as well as the number and the total assessment value of residential properties owned.

Description: Data on total family income and characteristics of resident owners who are persons occupying one of their residential properties and filed their T1 tax return form: sex, age, family type and size, employment status, claimant status of the home buyers' amount for the purchase of a home and the total assessment value of residential properties owned.

Description: Data on resident owners who are persons occupying one of their residential properties: immigration characteristics (immigration status, period of immigration, admission category, place of birth), age, total family income, the number and the total assessment value of residential properties owned.

Description: Residential property estimates by geography, property type, period of construction, property use and ownership type.

Description:

Residential property estimates by geography, property type, period of construction, property use and residency ownership.

Description:

Shelter is the biggest expenditure most households make and its affordability can have an impact on the wellbeing of household members. For this reason, housing affordability is closely watched by a wide range of stakeholders - from housing advocates to policy analysts - interested in the welfare of Canadians. Measuring affordability involves comparing housing costs to a household's ability to meet them. One common measure is the shelter-cost-to-income-ratio (STIR). The 30% level is commonly accepted as the upper limit for affordable housing. Housing affordability is also a critical input to Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation's core housing need indicator which is used by governments to help design, deliver, fund and evaluate social housing programs. This report, jointly authored by Statistics Canada and CMHC, focuses purely on the dynamics of housing affordability, not on core housing need. It examines the likelihood of spending 30% or more of household income on shelter, how often this occurs, whether it is occasional or persistent, and contrasts those spending 30% or more to those spending less. Cross-sectional estimates indicate that around 19% of Canadians lived in households spending more than the affordability benchmark in 2002. Longitudinally however, less than 9% lived in households that spent above the benchmark in each year between 2002 and 2004, while another 19% lived in households spending above the benchmark for either one or two years. The attributes associated with the highest probabilities of living in a household spending above the affordability benchmark were: living alone, being a female lone parent, renting, being an immigrant, or living in Vancouver or Toronto. In addition, those living in households experiencing some kind of transition between 2002 and 2004 period had a higher probability of exceeding the benchmark at least once during the period. Such transitions included renters with a change in rent-subsidy status, those who changed from owner to renter or vice versa, those who changed family type (for example, marrying or divorcing), and those who moved between cities. Notably, those experiencing these transitions did not exceed the benchmark persistently.

Description:

Home ownership is very important to the vast majority of Canadians. Young adults are no different from the general population in this respect. To what extent do young adults succeed in making this desire a reality? What are the characteristics of those young people who own their home, and what are the obstacles to home ownership? Using data from the 2006 General Social Survey on family transitions, this article answers these questions by identifying the different factors associated with home ownership among young people aged 25 to 39 who no longer live with their parents.

Description:

A household's ability to afford housing has traditionally been measured using income information derived from the census. A household spending 30% or more of its income on shelter was considered to have a shelter-cost burden. The Survey of Household Spending provides an alternative denominator based on total household spending.

Description:

This paper summarizes the data available from SLID on housing characteristics and shelter costs, with a special focus on the imputation methods used for this data. From 1994 to 2001, the survey covered only a few housing characteristics, primarily ownership status and dwelling type. In 2002, with the start of sponsorship from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), several other characteristics and detailed shelter costs were added to the survey. Several imputation methods were also introduced at that time, in order to replace missing values due to survey non-response and to provide utility costs, which contribute to total shelter costs. These methods take advantage of SLID's longitudinal design and also use data from other sources such as the Labour Force Survey and the Census. In June 2006, further improvements in the imputation methods were introduced for 2004 and applied to past years in a historical revision. This report also documents that revision.

Description:

The current boom in housing reflects not just low interest rates, but also a number of factors such as population changes, migration and household formation. These will continue to support housing even if interest rates rise.

Description:

Age brings limitations that affect where, how and with whom people live. One of the concerns that seniors may face is affordable housing. This may be a particular concern for those seniors who lose a spouse and are faced with reduced household income while shelter costs remain unchanged. Using data from the 2001 Census of Population and the 2002 General Social Survey (GSS), this article looks at who seniors live with and the affordability of their homes.

Description:

For some time, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) has used data on housing characteristics and housing-related expenditures from the Census of Population. Although the Census data source serves CMHC's purposes to a large extent, the federal government agency turned to the annual household surveys of Statistics Canada to provide information on a more frequent basis. This would allow them to have a better picture of annual trends, and perhaps have a greater choice of other characteristics with which to cross housing data on Canadian households. In 2001, CMHC began to sponsor additional content in both the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) and the Survey of Household Spending (SHS), starting with reference year 2002.

Description:

Local government revenues are increasingly perceived as inadequate to fund the program responsibilities of municipalities. Property taxes (residential and non-residential) are by far the most important revenue source, accounting for 35% in 2003 (up from 30% in 1988). But, residential property taxes are commonly viewed as regressive in relation to income. This study uses the 2001 Census of Population to quantify the regressiveness of residential property taxes in Canadian municipalities, and to examine whether regressive taxes are generally attributable to lower-income seniors living in high-priced homes.

Description:

This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled Are immigrants buying to get in? The role of ethnic clustering on the homeownership propensities of 12 Toronto immigrant groups, 1996-2001. Spatial assimilation theory is a model of status attainment that links the spatial and social positions of minority group members (Massey and Denton 1985). If applied to immigrants, the model would suggest that immigrants would first cluster in typically poor neighbourhoods with high concentrations of co-ethnics, but that ethnic concentration should be temporary and of declining utility. Once an immigrant family's socioeconomic status improves, they should merge into the residential 'mainstream' by moving to a better, and typically less segregated, neighbourhood (Massey and Denton 1985). Further, although housing tenure is not an explicit dimension of spatial assimilation theory, given the well-established relationship between income, human capital and homeownership (Balakrishnan and Wu 1992; Laryea 1999), and the importance of homeownership as an indicator of well-being and residential assimilation (Myers and Lee 1998), part of an immigrant family's socioeconomic ascent should be a shift from tenant to homeowner (Alba and Logan 1992). Spatial assimilation theory would further predict that same-group concentration should be inversely related to homeownership since ethnic enclaves are typically conceived of as poor rental zones (Fong and Gulia 1999; Myles and Hou 2004).

Recent research (Alba and Nee 2003; Logan, Alba, and Zhang 2002), however, finds that some immigrant groups may be choosing against spatial assimilation to form more durable 'ethnic communities' (Logan, Alba, and Zhang 2002), giving rise to a positive and growing 'enclave effect' on homeownership (Borjas 2002). In this paper, an enclave effect is evaluated as an explanation for the 1996-2001 homeownership patterns of Toronto's 12 largest recent immigrant groups. Using longitudinally-consistent and temporally-antecedent 1996 neighbourhood ethnic composition data this paper aims to determine if immigrants buy homes outside their enclaves or prefer an owner-occupied neighbourhood of same-group members. To this end, the paper discusses the potential benefits of living and buying in an enclave; it develops a predictive framework for determining which groups might benefit from owner-occupied ethnic communities; it also examines the issue of 'neighbourhood disequilibrium' and evaluates the enclave effect on homeownership using a sample of recent (1996-2001) movers, their 1996 neighbourhood ethnic characteristics, and bivariate probit models with sample selection corrections (Van de Ven and Van Praag 1981).

Description:

In the past, working-age immigrant families in Canada's large urban centres had higher homeownership rates than the Canadian-born. Over the past twenty years however, this advantage has reversed, due jointly to a drop in immigrant rates and a rise in the popularity of homeownership among the Canadian-born. This paper assesses the efficacy of standard consumer choice models, which include indicators for age, income, education, family type, plus several immigrant characteristics, to explain these changes. The main findings are that the standard model almost completely explains the immigrant homeownership advantage in 1981, as well as the rise over time among the Canadian-born, but even after accounting for the well-known decline in immigrant economic fortunes, only about one-third of the 1981-2001 immigrant change in homeownership rates is explained. The implications of this inability are discussed and several suggestions for further research are made.

Description: Data collected by the Census of Population are used to create different household indicators to help governments and organizations assess housing needs in Canada. This video focuses on six key household indicators that help governments and organizations manage the state of housing in Canada, namely, shelter costs, shelter-cost-to-income ratio, housing adequacy, housing suitability, housing affordability and core housing need.

Description: This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret housing characteristics data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description: The objective of this video is to offer insights into housing variables and key household indicators like housing adequacy, suitability and affordability. It explains where housing questions are found on the Census of Population questionnaire, the importance of housing data and how housing data are used by governments, businesses and social service agencies.

Description: This video introduces household and dwelling characteristics and their use in dissemination and analysis. It also presents the housing variables that are commonly used in analyses such as household maintainer, tenure, total income of household, household size and household type. In addition, the video shows the dwelling characteristics that describe the physical attributes of the living quarters occupied by the household, such as number of rooms, number of bedrooms, period of construction, dwelling condition, condominium status and value (owner estimated).

Description:

This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret type of dwelling data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description:

The Geographic Attribute File contains information at the dissemination block level, based Census standard geographic areas. The data available include population counts, dwelling counts, and land area. In addition, the Geographic Attribute File contains higher level standard geographic codes, names and, where applicable, types and classes. Data for higher level standard geographic areas can be derived by aggregating dissemination block level data. The dissemination area representative point coordinates are also included in the Geographic Attribute File.

Description:

This fact sheet offers a concise overview of updated—new or modified—content for the 2021 Census of Population that is specific to the theme of income and expenditures, and housing, which includes the following topics: income and expenditures, and housing. The changes considered for these topics are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2021.

Description:

This note provides the definition of a first-time homebuyer concept used in the 2018 Canadian Housing Survey (CHS). It also includes the methodology used to identify first-time homebuyers and provides sensitivity analysis under alternative methodologies.

Description:

This product presents 2016 Census highlights on core housing need. Tables and a figure feature distributions, rates and multiple dimensions of core housing need from current and previous censuses for various levels of geography. A short explanation of the indicator and references to other resources as well as downloadable materials are also provided.

Description:

This guide focuses on the following topic: housing.This reference guide provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2016 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, classifications, data quality and comparability to other sources. Additional information is included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the Census.