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All (26,688) (0 to 10 of 26,688 results)

  • 1. Other Changes in Assets Account
    Table: 36-10-0448-01
    Geography: Canada
    Frequency: Quarterly
    Description: Quarterly other changes in assets account data, for the household, non-profit institutions serving households, corporations, general governments and non-resident sectors, as well as the total of all sectors by category.
    Release date: 2026-09-11
  • 2. General government gross debt, quarterly
    Table: 36-10-0467-01
    Geography: Canada
    Frequency: Quarterly
    Description:

    General government gross domestic and foreign debt, and financial liabilities by category, quarterly.

    Release date: 2026-09-11
  • 3. Financial Flow Accounts
    Table: 36-10-0578-01
    Geography: Canada
    Frequency: Quarterly
    Description:

    Quarterly Financial Flow Accounts data, for the household, corporations, general governments and non-resident sectors, as well as the total of all sectors and the statistical discrepancy, by category.

    Release date: 2026-09-11
  • 4. Financial market summary
    Table: 36-10-0579-01
    Geography: Canada
    Frequency: Quarterly
    Description:

    This financial market summary table presents quarterly Financial Flow Accounts data, unadjusted, by category.

    Release date: 2026-09-11
  • 5. National Balance Sheet Accounts
    Table: 36-10-0580-01
    Geography: Canada
    Frequency: Quarterly
    Description: Quarterly national balance sheet data, for the household, corporations, general governments and non-resident sectors, as well as the total of all sectors and the consolidated national balance sheet, by category, in both market and book value.
    Release date: 2026-09-11
  • 6. Assets and liabilities of other financial corporations by sector, market value, quarterly
    Table: 36-10-0668-01
    Geography: Canada
    Frequency: Quarterly
    Description:

    Quarterly balance sheet of the other financial corporations sector presented on a modified whom-to whom basis at market value according to the Special Data Dissemination Standard Plus (SDDS plus).

    Release date: 2026-09-11
  • 7. Credit market summary table at book value, national balance sheet accounts
    Table: 38-10-0234-01
    Geography: Canada
    Frequency: Quarterly
    Description: This credit market summary table presents quarterly national balance sheet account book value data, by category.
    Release date: 2026-09-11
  • 8. Financial indicators of households and non-profit institutions serving households, national balance sheet accounts
    Table: 38-10-0235-01
    Geography: Canada
    Frequency: Quarterly
    Description: Quarterly debt to gross domestic product, debt to disposable income and other indicators, for the household sector and the non-profit institutions serving households sector, by category.
    Release date: 2026-09-11
  • 9. Financial indicators of corporate sector, national balance sheet accounts
    Table: 38-10-0236-01
    Geography: Canada
    Frequency: Quarterly
    Description: Quarterly total debt to equity and credit market debt to equity for private non-financial corporations.
    Release date: 2026-09-11
  • 10. Financial indicators of general government sector, national balance sheet accounts
    Table: 38-10-0237-01
    Geography: Canada
    Frequency: Quarterly
    Description: Quarterly gross and net debt to gross domestic product for federal and other levels of general government.
    Release date: 2026-09-11
Data (13,347)

Data (13,347) (13,290 to 13,300 of 13,347 results)

Analysis (10,840)

Analysis (10,840) (80 to 90 of 10,840 results)

  • 81. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys using design weights and auxiliary margins
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100002
    Description: Survey data typically have missing values due to unit and item nonresponse. Sometimes, survey organizations know the marginal distributions of certain categorical variables in the target population. As shown in previous work, survey organizations can leverage these distributions in multiple imputation for nonignorable unit nonresponse, generating imputations that result in plausible completed-data estimates for the variables with known margins. However, this prior work does not use the design weights for unit nonrespondents. We extend this previous work to utilize the design weights for all sampled units. We illustrate the approach using simulation studies.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 82. Exact and approximation formulas for second-order inclusion probabilities in randomized systematic sampling with unequal probabilities and without replacement
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100003
    Description: Probability-proportional-to-size sampling is widely used by national statistical offices. Here population units are selected with probabilities proportional to an auxiliary variable. Variance formulas in such designs require both first- and second-order inclusion probabilities. The computation of second-order inclusion probabilities is particularly challenging for large populations, and has been the subject of extensive research. This article presents some new exact and approximation formulas for second-order inclusion probabilities in randomized systematic sampling with unequal probabilities and without replacement.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 83. Comparing two common approaches to within-household sampling: A field experiment in Costa Rica
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100004
    Description: We test the notion that a quasi-probabilistic method of selecting individuals within households (last birthday, LB) draws in a different sample compared to a non-probabilistic approach that selects respondents according to known parameters on age and gender (frequency matching, FM). With data from an original field experiment, we evaluate fieldwork efficiency (time and completed cases), economy (cost), success in recruiting a representative sample, and differences across a set of attitudinal and behavioral measures. We find that the FM approach performs better on efficiency and cost and achieves a comparable sample; importantly, this comparability extends across measures of personality traits and public opinion. With appropriate caveats, we conclude that researchers’ choice of selection methods should be guided by both theoretical benefits and practical tradeoffs.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 84. Improving the coverage of confidence intervals with respect to degrees of freedom: Application to the Canadian Census
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100005
    Description: Confidence intervals are very often constructed based on a probability distribution that uses a certain number of degrees of freedom as a parameter. This is the case with the Student and the modified Wilson confidence intervals, discussed in this article, which use quantiles from the Student distribution where the number of degrees of freedom is generally unknown. For the length of a confidence interval to be representative of the reliability of an estimate, the actual coverage rate must match the nominal rate. To that end, the number of degrees of freedom in the probability distribution used in practice to calculate the confidence interval must be estimated as precisely as possible. An approximate rule is often used, although it tends to overestimate the actual number of degrees of freedom. In this article, a more precise version of degrees of freedom, derived from the Satterthwaite approximation, is obtained in the context of the Canadian Census of Population. The sampling design is equivalent to a simple random design without replacement, cluster-stratified, and the variance estimation method is an adaptation of the balanced repeated replication method. An explicit expression of the degrees of freedom is obtained under these conditions, enabling the factors influencing them to be identified. For comparison, the degree of freedom formula is also established for the conventional variance estimator. A simulation study shows that using this version of degrees of freedom corrects the undercoverage problem observed with the approximate rule, showing the importance of accurately assessing this number.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 85. Master samples with optimized panels
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100006
    Description: We introduce a general framework for constructing master samples that preserve desirable design properties across panels. The core procedure is to order an initial probability sample. Since the final sequence must be robust to a uniform random rotation, we define and minimize an objective that aggregates panel-level performance across all possible circular panels. A final random rotation is applied to ensure design validity. The framework is flexible with respect to the choice of design criteria, such as spatial balance or marginal balance, and can be implemented efficiently using simulated annealing to obtain high-quality approximate solutions. By construction, the approach supports both positive and negative sample coordination for spatially balanced, marginally balanced, and doubly balanced samples. The method’s versatility is demonstrated through three applications: constructing a master sample with spatially balanced panels, marginally balanced panels, and doubly balanced panels.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 86. Spreading response burden in business surveys at Statistics Netherlands: Evaluating sample coordination methods targeting highly burdened businesses
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100007
    Description: National statistical institutes operate sample coordination systems to spread the response burden in business surveys. Despite the applied sample coordination and monitoring the response burden, some businesses might still be heavily sampled within a short period. This may lead to a peaking response burden for individual businesses, which could affect response rates and response quality. This paper proposes a new sample coordination method based on Adapted Spatially Correlated Poisson (ASCP) sampling that focuses on businesses with a high response burden. The effects on the response burden will be evaluated in two simulation studies and compared with a stratified approach, a pragmatic method in which sampling fractions are manually adjusted and with the baseline method of ignoring the response burden. For the simulations, real-world scenarios and data from Statistics Netherlands are used. The first simulation study considers a practical situation in which a given sample is adjusted with the aim to avoid the occurrence of businesses with a peaking response burden. The second simulation study analyzes the longer-term effects of the different sample coordination methods and focuses both on the reduction and spread of the response burden. The advantages and disadvantages of the different methods will be explained and discussed in detail, and recommendations for applying these methods at national statistical institutes and other survey agencies will be given.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 87. Graphical finite population sampling
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100008
    Description: This paper introduces an innovative and intuitive finite population sampling method that has been developed using a unique graphical framework. In this approach, first-order inclusion probabilities are represented as bars on a two-dimensional graph. By manipulating the positions of these bars, researchers can create a wide range of different sampling designs. This graphical visualization of sampling designs facilitates the exploration of alternative designs and may simplify certain aspects of the implementation compared to traditional mathematical algorithms. This novel approach holds significant promise for tackling complex challenges in sampling, such as achieving an optimal design. By applying a version of the greedy best-first search algorithm to this graphical approach, the potential for integrating intelligent algorithms into finite population sampling is demonstrated.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 88. The inverse-variance trap: A simple ratio fix for combining skewed data
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100009
    Description: Combining estimates from independent surveys via inverse-variance weights can lead to negative bias when unknown variances are estimated and the target variable is non-negative and positively skewed. In such cases, strong positive correlations typically arise between the estimators and their corresponding variance estimators, causing standard linear combinations with inverse-variance weights to exhibit negative bias. We introduce a strikingly simple method to reduce bias: replace the standard weight with the ratio of the estimator to the variance estimator. Under a linear model linking the two, we show that the new ratio-weighted estimator is approximately unbiased, whereas the conventional inverse-variance combination exhibits downward bias. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the new method brings both the bias and the mean squared error closer to the optimum for a wide range of different target variables. As our method uses only standardly reported summary statistics, it can be immediately adopted to reduce this widespread bias and improve the reliability of scientific findings in various fields.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 89. Variance of the generalized regression estimator under measurement error
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100010
    Description: With the exception of two-phase sampling, the standard variance approximation of the generalized regression (GREG) estimator assumes that the population totals in the weighting scheme are observed without error. If the weighting model of the GREG estimator contains population totals that are observed with measurement error sources other than the sampling error of first-phase estimates, then this uncertainty will be ignored by the variance approximation of the GREG estimator. This paper proposes a variance approximation for the GREG estimator that accounts for additional uncertainty arising from measurement error in one or more of the population totals used in the weighting scheme. This approach has been developed for, and is being applied to, the Dutch Labour Force Survey (DLFS). The monthly publications of the DLFS are obtained with a time series model, which corrects for rotation group bias and discontinuities caused by major redesigns and the loss of face-to-face interviews during COVID-19. The GREG estimates for the quarterly figures are benchmarked to the average of the monthly publications to enforce numerical consistency between monthly and quarterly publication tables. The standard variance approximation of the GREG estimator assumes that these population totals are observed without error. This results in an underestimation of the variance of the GREG estimator. The variance approximation proposed in this paper results in more realistic standard errors for the quarterly GREG estimates.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 90. Bayesian differential privacy for small counties and individual commodities
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100011
    Description: We construct a hybrid Bayesian method, which includes a differentially private mechanism, to mask Census county totals for a U.S. state on acreage of a commodity. We use surrogates for data collected at the farm level from a past U.S. Census of Agriculture to illustrate our procedure. We use two Bayesian small area models (parametric and mixture) to accommodate the smaller counties with fewer farms and some counties with large acres. In these models, the Laplace distribution provides a differentially private mechanism. In pre-processing, we also incorporate the Census weights to form the observed total acreage, a scaling factor to the Laplace mechanism for each county, a square-root transformation of the observed total acreage to avoid negative masked estimates especially for small counties, and the p-percent rule and the 3+ rule to partition the counties into suppressed counties, non-sensitive counties and sensitive counties. Because of difficulties in specifying and tuning the privacy budget (an unknown parameter), to balance security and utility, we specify a prior for the privacy budget, where the values are not specified, and the Gibbs sampler is used to fit the hierarchical Bayesian models. In post-processing, we use Bayesian predictive inference to obtain masked county acreages, and this includes a benchmarking so that the masked state total matches the observed state total. As a measure of reliability of the Bayesian procedure, we use the posterior coefficients of variation for the masked posterior means of the counties. As a measure of utility, we use the absolute relative errors for the individual counties, together with other global measures. For the sensitive counties, there are some differences between the two small area models but both are much better than an individual area model; the mixture model being the best compromise for security and utility.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
Reference (2,031)

Reference (2,031) (60 to 70 of 2,031 results)

  • 61. Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort: User Guide
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-26-0005
    Description: The Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHECs) are a series of population-based microdata linkages. The CanCHECs combine census respondents to the long-form questionnaire with administrative health data and annual postal codes for mailing addresses. These data can be used to examine health outcomes by population characteristics measured by the census long-form sample data. This user guide has been created to help potential data users, including researchers and academics, public health officials, government agencies, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations.
    Release date: 2025-06-18
  • 62. Census Subdivision Boundary File, Reference Guide
    Geographic files and documentation: 92-162-G
    Description: This reference guide is intended for users of the Census Subdivisions Boundary File. The guide provides an overview of the file, the general methodology used to create it, and important technical information for users.
    Release date: 2025-06-18
  • 63. Census Subdivision Boundary File
    Geographic files and documentation: 92-162-X
    Description: The Census Subdivision Boundary File contains the boundaries of all census subdivisions which combined cover all of Canada. A census subdivision is a municipality or an area treated as an equivalent to a municipality for statistical purposes (for example, unorganized territories). The file provides a framework for mapping and spatial analysis using commercially available geographic information systems (GIS) or other mapping software.

    The Census Subdivision Boundary File is portrayed in Lambert conformal conic projection and is based on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). A reference guide is available (92-162-G).

    Release date: 2025-06-18
  • 64. Road Network File, Reference Guide
    Geographic files and documentation: 92-500-G
    Description: This reference guide is intended for users of the Census of Population Road Network File (92-500-X). It provides an overview of the general methodology used to create this file, as well as important technical information.
    Release date: 2025-06-18
  • 65. Road Network File
    Geographic files and documentation: 92-500-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This geographical file represents Canada's national road network, containing information such as street names, types, directions and address ranges.

    A reference guide is available (Road Network File, Reference Guide, 92-500-G).
    Release date: 2025-06-18
  • 66. Interim List of Changes to Municipal Boundaries, Status, and Names
    Notices and consultations: 92F0009X
    Description: This report provides a summary of changes to municipal boundaries, status and names. The list is usually produced on an annual basis for changes that occurred during the previous year. A five year list is produced on Census of population years.
    Release date: 2025-06-18
  • 67. Crime, Justice and Community Safety Datasets and User Guides
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 45-20-0001
    Description: This publication provides user guides and datasets containing statistics on a variety of topics and issues related to justice and community safety.
    Release date: 2025-05-27
  • 68. The Canadian Index of Social Resilience and the Canadian Index of Social Vulnerability: User Guide
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 45-20-00012025002
    Description: The Canadian Index of Social Resilience (CISR) and the Canadian Index of Social Vulnerability (CISV) were created to provide area-based information on resilience and vulnerability to natural hazards and disasters across Canada. The user guide explains how the CISR and CISV were developed and how to use them. The indexes can be used to better understand areas which may experience the largest disproportional social impacts from natural hazards.
    Release date: 2025-05-27
  • 69. User Guide for the Survey of Household Spending, 2023
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2025001
    Description: This guide presents information of interest to users of data from the Survey of Household Spending (SHS). It includes descriptions of the survey terms and variables definitions as well as of the survey methodology and data quality. The guide also includes a section describing various examples of estimates that can be drawn from the survey data.
    Release date: 2025-05-21
  • 70. Land Cover Register: Data product specifications
    Geographic files and documentation: 16-510-X2025003
    Description: This product contains specifications intended for users of the land cover register geospatial files. This document provides important technical information for users and links to methodology.
    Release date: 2025-05-13

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