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Description: Once every five years, the Census of Population provides a detailed and comprehensive statistical portrait of Canada that is vital to our country. It is the primary source of sociodemographic data for specific population groups such as lone-parent families, Indigenous peoples, immigrants, seniors and language groups.

In order to help users of census products to better understand the various Census of Population concepts, Statistics Canada has developed, in the context of the activities of the 2021 Census and previous censuses, a collection of short videos. These videos are a reference source for users who are new to census concepts or those who have some experience with these concepts, but may need a refresher or would like to expand their knowledge.

Description: Postsecondary education is a key element in developing a skilled workforce. International students are often seen as a potential source of labour supply beyond their temporary employment while studying. This study examines the alignment between the fields of study and occupations of immigrants with a postsecondary education who held study permits before becoming permanent residents from 2011 to 2021. It compares them with other immigrants who became permanent residents during the same period and Canadian-born postsecondary graduates.

Description: A data visualization product (interactive dashboard) highlighting the Indigenous languages spoken in Canada. Indicators include: those who can speak an Indigenous language, those who have an Indigenous language as a mother tongue, the Indigenous languages spoken at home, as well as silent and active speakers of an Indigenous language. The indicators are broken down by different levels of geography.

Description: This interactive data visualization tool uses graphs to present social inclusion indicators under the theme of Participation in the labour market. The indicators (participation rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, population in self-employment (unincorporated), population in overqualification situation, youth not in employment, education or training) can be disaggregated by visible minority and selected sociodemographic characteristics. Data are available for Canada, geographical regions of Canada, province or territory and census metropolitan area. This data visualization tool is part of a broader conceptual framework on social inclusion and covers a total of 11 themes. Each theme has a similar interactive visualization tool.

Description: This interactive data visualization tool uses graphs to present social inclusion indicators under the theme Representation in decision-making positions. The indicators (workers in all management occupations, workers in senior management occupation and workers in  specialized middle management occupations) can be disaggregated by visible minority and selected sociodemographic characteristics for the population in private households. Data are available for Canada, geographical regions of Canada, province or territory and census metropolitan area. This data visualization tool is part of a broader conceptual framework on social inclusion and covers a total of 11 themes. Each theme has a similar interactive visualization tool.

Description: This interactive data visualization tool uses graphs to present social inclusion indicators under the theme of Basic needs and housing. The indicators (household food security and insecurity [5], population living in a dwelling owned by one member of the household; population in core housing need; population living in suitable housing; and in affordable housing) can be disaggregated by visible minority and selected sociodemographic characteristics. Data are available for Canada, geographical regions of Canada, province or territory and census metropolitan area. This data visualization tool is part of a broader conceptual framework on social inclusion and covers a total of 11 themes. Each theme has a similar interactive visualization tool.

Description: This interactive data visualization tool uses graphs to present social inclusion indicators under the theme of Income and wealth. The indicators (average employment income, low income and other economic housing characteristics) can be disaggregated by visible minority and selected sociodemographic characteristics for the population in private households. Data are available for Canada, geographical regions of Canada, province or territory and census metropolitan area. This data visualization tool is part of a broader conceptual framework on social inclusion and covers a total of 11 themes. Each theme has a similar interactive visualization tool.

Description: This interactive data visualization tool uses graphs to present social inclusion indicators under the theme of Social connections and personal networks. The indicators (trusting most people in general, strong sense of belonging, size and composition of personal networks, population living alone) can be disaggregated by visible minority and selected sociodemographic characteristics for the population in private households. Data are available for Canada. This data visualization tool is part of a broader conceptual framework on social inclusion and covers a total of 11 themes. Each theme has a similar interactive visualization tool.

Description: This interactive data visualization tool uses graphs to present social inclusion indicators under the theme of Education and skills development. The indicators (highest certificate, diploma or degree [6] and knowledge of official languages [4]) can be disaggregated by visible minority and selected sociodemographic characteristics for the population in private households. Data are available for Canada, geographical regions of Canada, province or territory and census metropolitan area. This data visualization tool is part of a broader conceptual framework on social inclusion and covers a total of 11 themes. Each theme has a similar interactive visualization tool.

Description: This fact sheet offers a summary of content changes for the 2026 Census specific to the following topics: date of birth (age), sex at birth and gender, relationship to Person 1, and marital status. The tested changes for each topic are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2026.

Description: Characteristics and median employment income of Canadian postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by Indigenous identity, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant) and field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs [CIP] Canada 2021 – STEM and BHASE groupings).

Description: Characteristics and median employment income of Canadian postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant) and field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs [CIP] Canada 2021 – Primary groupings).

Description: Characteristics and median employment income of Canadian postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant) and field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs [CIP] Canada 2021 – STEM and BHASE groupings).

Description: Number of new entrants to postsecondary education by Indigenous identity, select educational qualifications (Classification of programs and credentials), field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and Business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education (BHASE) groupings), gender and age group.

Description: Number of Canadian postsecondary graduates by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Variant of the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 for Primary groupings), gender, and age group.

Description: Number of Canadian postsecondary graduates by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and Business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education (BHASE) groupings), gender and age group.

Description: Number of Canadian postsecondary enrolments by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Variant of the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 for Primary groupings), gender, and age group.

Description: Number of Canadian postsecondary enrolments by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and Business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education (BHASE) groupings), gender and age group.

Description: Number of postsecondary graduates by Indigenous identity, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Variant of the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 for Primary groupings), gender, and age group.

Description: Number of postsecondary graduates by Indigenous identity, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and Business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education (BHASE) groupings), gender and age group.

Description: This paper quantifies and assesses the role of culture employment in urban settings in Canada and the United States over the past two decades.

Description: In this paper, we examine the off-farm labour decisions of Canadian census-farm operators using micro-level data from the 2001 Census of Agriculture combined with community level data from the 2001 Census of Population.

Description:

This report presents the highlights of the age and sex data release from the 2006 Census of Population. Numerous colour maps, figures and tables illustrate the latest demographic trends and geographic patterns observed from the published data.

Description: PhDs are an important and vital asset in Canada's labour force because not only do they represent the highest educational attainment level in a knowledge-based economy, but they are also highly skilled industrial researchers and innovators, teachers and professors, along with being scientists and engineers. The study examines what industries are employing scientists and engineers and in what occupations, along with other labour market characteristics such as income and unemployment, age, gender and geographic location. The report also examines the differences between Canadian born and non-Canadian born scientists and engineers.

Description:

By 2017, Aboriginal persons of working age (15 and older) are projected to number close to a million about 3.4% of the working-age population overall. With anticipated labour shortages in many areas, this growing population may constitute an important pool of workers. Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations in Western Canada are compared in terms of employment, occupational distribution, and skill level.

Description:

Using recent police-reported and self-reported data, this new report provides a profile of the extent and nature of victimization and offending in Canada's territories.

The report finds that northern residents experience higher rates of violent victimization and are more likely to be victims of spousal violence than residents in the rest of Canada. Furthermore, police-reported crime rates in the North are much higher than those in the provinces.

The report also examines particular factors that seem to be associated with higher rates of victimization and offending. All are more common in the North. These factors include: northern residents are younger on average, than residents in the rest of Canada; the territories have higher proportions of lone-parent families and common-law families; they have higher rates of unemployment; and the territories also have higher proportions of Aboriginal residents compared to the provinces.

Description:

Between 1980 and 2000, and particularly the latter half of the 1990s, the earnings gap widened between young workers who were less-educated and those who were well-educated. Some research attributes the gap to technological change, which requires a workforce that is more skilled and better educated. The subsequent demand resulted in higher wages for such workers and hence increased returns to education. However, the past five years have seen strong job growth in industries that employ many young people with less education. How has the earnings gap been affected?

Description:

This series of reports provides key background information on the trends and conditions in Canadian census metropolitan areas (CMAs) across a number of dimensions. Subjects covered include demographics, housing, immigration, Aboriginal persons, low-income and stressed neighbourhoods, economic conditions, health, location of work and commuting mode, and culture. Most reports cover the 1981-to-2001 period.

Description:

Between 1971 and 2005, Canada's labour force became more educated in line with the increased credentials of new entrants, while the aging of the workforce shifted the experience profile upwards. However, this was not reflected in unemployment rates, which were for the most part slightly higher in 2005 than in 1971. What factors are at play? The article looks at specific age-education combinations to yield a more nuanced long-term perspective on current labour market conditions.

Description:

This document summarizes the results of content analyses of the 2004 Census Test. The first section briefly explains the context of the content analyses by describing the nature of the sample, its limitations and the strategies used to evaluate data quality. The second section provides an overview of the results for questions that have not changed since the 2001 Census by describing the similarities between 2001 and 2004 distributions and non-response rates. The third section evaluates data quality of new census questions or questions that have changed substantially: same-sex married couples, ethnic origins, levels of schooling, location where highest diploma was obtained, school attendance, permission to access income tax files, and permission to make personal data publicly available 92 years after the census. The last section summarizes the overall results for questions whose content was coded and evaluated as part of the 2004 test, namely industry, occupation and place of work variables.

Description: This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret education data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description:

This guide focuses on the following topic: education. This reference guide provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2016 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, classifications, data quality and comparability to other sources. Additional information is included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

Description:

This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret language data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description: This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret commuting data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description: This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret labour data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description: This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret instruction in the minority official language data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description: This video provides basic information on the census questions on languages used at work and the main concepts and variables derived from them. It explains the concepts of languages used at work, language used most often at work and other languages used regularly at work. It also helps you understand the changes to the questions since the last census and the impact on historical comparability of this data.

Description: This video will give you a basic understanding of four main education concepts - educational credentials, major field of study, location of study and school attendance – as well as information on the variables associated with these concepts. It will provide information about variables, such as highest certificate, diploma or degree, Classification of Instructional Programs CIP 2021, location of study and school attendance, as well as their usefulness to data users.

Description: The Guide to the Census of Population is a reference document that describes the various phases of the 2021 Census of Population. The guide provides an overview of content determination, sampling design, collection, data processing, data quality assessment, confidentiality guidelines and dissemination. It also includes response rates and other data quality information. This product may be useful to both new and experienced users who wish to familiarize themselves with and find specific information about the 2021 Census of Population.

Description: The Census Dictionary is a reference document which contains detailed definitions of Census of Population concepts, variables and geographic terms, as well as historical information.

By referring to the Census Dictionary, both beginner and intermediate data users will gain a better understanding of the data and how to compare variables between census years.

The Census Dictionary will be released iteratively starting with geography and non-data dependent topic definitions, tables, figures and appendices with additional content made available based on subsequent topic releases.