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Description: Response mobility in the Indigenous population of Canada refers to responses changing between Indigenous and non-Indigenous identity categories from one census cycle to the next. This study uses linked data from the Census of Population to examine how response mobility affected the size and composition of the Indigenous identity population from 2016 to 2021, as well as how these changes varied by province or territory. The impacts of response mobility on demographic and socioeconomic trends of Indigenous peoples are also explored.

Description: This study provides an overview of how minority official languages are integrated into child care services across Canada, using data from three sources. Data from the 2022 Survey on the Official Language Minority Population (SOLMP) provides information on the participation in minority official language child care among children eligible for instruction in the minority official language and their educational pathways from early childhood to primary school. Data from the 2022 Canadian Survey on the Provision of Child Care Services (CSPCCS) is used to highlight the use of minority official languages within child care facilities, while data from the 2021 Census of Population offers insights into language use among child care workers.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: A central concern surrounding recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is their potential to replace human labour, especially in the domain of content creation, such as the production of music, videos, images and text in the cultural industries. However, there is a lack of information regarding how AI may impact workers in these industries. This article attempts to fill this information gap by examining potential occupational exposure to and complementarity with AI in selected cultural industries in Canada.

Description: The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, and labour market outcomes.

PCEIP products include data tables, fact sheets, an interactive dashboard, a data explorer, and a handbook. They present indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, and include year over year comparisons.

The PCEIP is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

Description: Using linked data from the Census of Population and the Integrated Criminal Court Survey, this article examines court decisions, sentencing outcomes, case lengths and selected sociodemographic characteristics of Black adult accused persons in Canadian criminal courts. Where relevant, comparisons by type of offence, fiscal year and province or territory are made. The analysis focuses on adult criminal court cases completed between 2016/2017 and 2022/2023.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: The Canadian Social Environment Typology (CanSET) is a geographic classification tool to compare neighbourhoods across Canadian Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. The CanSET was developed by the Centre for Population Health Data (CPHD) at Statistics Canada. It provides three levels of neighbourhood classifications based on combinations of 30 socioeconomic, demographic and ethnocultural variables from the Census of population 2016. Each social environment cluster is a group of similar dissemination areas and represents a unique neighbourhood type. The CanSET data comes with definitions of each neighbourhood type so that users can compare health and social outcomes by neighbourhood characteristics. The CanSet classification includes the data, user guide and methodology guide.

Description: The Canadian Social Environment Typology (CanSET) is a geographic classification tool to compare neighbourhoods across Canadian Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. It provides three levels of neighbourhood classifications based on combinations of 30 socioeconomic, demographic, ethnocultural and housing variables from the Census of population. Each social environment cluster is a group of similar dissemination areas and represents a unique neighbourhood type. The CanSET data comes with definitions of each neighbourhood type so that users can compare health and social outcomes by neighbourhood characteristics. The CanSET classification includes data and user guide for the 2016 and 2021 versions. Select the version closest to the year of the outcome data. The 2016 CanSET classification is not directly comparable to the 2021 CanSET classification.

Description: The Canadian Social Environment Typology (CanSET) is a geographic classification tool to compare neighbourhoods across Canadian Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. The purpose of this user guide is to define the concept of identical Dissemination Area (DA) clusters used in the Canadian Social Environment Typology (CanSET) and to give an overview of how the clusters can be used to explore DA level health and social inequalities. Select the version closest to the year of the outcome data. The 2016 CanSET classification is not directly comparable to the 2021 CanSET classification.

Description: Population groups by shelter cost for Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations. Includes shelter-cost-to-income ratio groups and core housing need, tenure including presence of mortgage payments and subsidized housing (totals include farm operators), gender and primary household maintainer.

Description: Population groups by shelter-cost-to-income ratio groups and core housing need for Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions. Includes tenure including presence of mortgage payments and subsidized housing (totals include farm operators), gender and primary household maintainer.

Description: Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to unaggregated data. This makes the public use microdata files (PUMFs) powerful research tools. Each file contains anonymous individual responses on a large number of variables. The PUMF user can group and manipulate these variables to suit his/her own data and research requirements. Tabulations not included in other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed by using different statistical tests. PUMFs provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people. All subject-matter covered by the census is included in the microdata files. However, to ensure the anonymity of the respondents, geographic identifiers have been restricted to the provinces/territories and large metropolitan areas. Microdata files have traditionally been disseminated on magnetic tape, which required access to a mainframe computer. For the first time, the 1991 PUMFs will also be available on CD-ROM for microcomputer applications. This file contains data based on a 3% of the population enumerated in the 1991 Census. It provides information on the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the Canadian population. The Individual File allows users to return to the base unit of the census, enabling them to group and manipulate the data to suit their own data and research requirements.

This product provides two basic tools to assist users in accessing and using the 1991 Census Public Use Microdata File - Individuals CD-ROM.

Description: Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to unaggregated data. This makes the public use microdata files (PUMFs) powerful research tools. Each file contains anonymous individual responses on a large number of variables. The PUMF user can group and manipulate these variables to suit his/her own data and research requirements. Tabulations not included in other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed by using different statistical tests. PUMFs provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people. All subject-matter covered by the census is included in the microdata files. However, to ensure the anonymity of the respondents, geographic identifiers have been restricted to the provinces/territories and large metropolitan areas. Microdata files have traditionally been disseminated on magnetic tape, which required access to a mainframe computer. For the first time, the 1991 PUMFs will also be available on CD-ROM for microcomputer applications. This file contains data based on a 3% of the population enumerated in the 1991 Census. It provides information on the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the Canadian population. The Households and Housing File allows users to return to the base unit of the census, enabling them to group and manipulate the data to suit their own data and research requirements.

This product provides two basic tools to assist users in accessing and using the 1991 Census Public Use Microdata File - Households and Housing CD-ROM.

Description: This file provides data on the characteristics of the population such as ethnic origin, labour force activity and income levels. It contains 122 variables.

The Microdata Files contain samples of anonymous responses to the 1996 Census questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses. PUMFs enable the development of statistical information about Canadians, the families and households to which they belong, and the dwellings in which they live.

Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to non-aggregated data. This makes PUMFs a powerful research tools. The user can group and manipulate these variables to suit his/her own data and research requirements. These provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people.

All subject matter covered by the census is included in these files.

The 1996 PUMFs will only be released on CD-ROM using microcomputer applications.

Description: This file provides housing information - type of structure, number of rooms, shelter costs - along with details of household composition and socio-economic information pertaining to the household maintainers and their families. It contains 137 variables.

The Microdata Files contain samples of anonymous responses to the 1996 Census questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses. PUMFs enable the development of statistical information about Canadians, the families and households to which they belong, and the dwellings in which they live.

Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to non-aggregated data. This makes PUMFs a powerful research tools. The user can group and manipulate these variables to suit his/her own data and research requirements. These provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people.

All subject matter covered by the census is included in these files.

The 1996 PUMFs will only be released on CD-ROM using microcomputer applications.

Description: This file contains details of family composition in Canada. It features 145 variables, such as information on labour force activity and income for census family and non-family persons.

The Microdata Files contain samples of anonymous responses to the 1996 Census questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses. PUMFs enable the development of statistical information about Canadians, the families and households to which they belong, and the dwellings in which they live.

Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to non-aggregated data. This makes PUMFs a powerful research tools. The user can group and manipulate these variables to suit his/her own data and research requirements. These provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people.

All subject matter covered by the census is included in these files.

The 1996 PUMFs will only be released on CD-ROM using microcomputer applications.

Description: This file provides data on the characteristics of the population. The 2001 Census Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) contain samples of anonymous responses to the 2001 Census questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses. Three files are available: the Individuals File, the Families File, and the Households and Housing File.

Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to non-aggregated data. The PUMFs user can group and manipulate these variables to suit data and research requirements. Tabulations excluded from other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed using different statistical tests. PUMFs provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people.

Most of the subject matter covered by the census is included in the microdata files. To ensure the respondents' anonymity, geographic identifiers have been restricted to provinces/territories and large metropolitan areas.

Note: Please be advised that errors have been detected in the data for two variables contained on the revised version of this CD-ROM. As well, we have added a unique record identifier called PPSORT, built/included in the file for administrative purposes only. The affected variables are: Income status (2000 low income cut-offs) (INCSTP) Ethnic origin (ETHNICRA) Further details can be found in the "Errata" file offered in several formats on the new, re-issued CD-ROM. Original release date - February 8, 2005 1rst Correction - released August 24, 2005 2nd Correction - released April 26, 2006

Description: This file provides data on family composition in Canada.

The 2001 Census Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) contain samples of anonymous responses to the 2001 Census questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses. Three files are available: the Individuals File, the Families File, and the Households and Housing File.

Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to non-aggregated data. The user can group and manipulate these variables to suit data and research requirements. Tabulations excluded from other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed using different statistical tests. These files provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people.

Most of the census subject matter is included in the microdata files. For the anonymity of respondents, geographic identifiers have been restricted to provinces, territories and large metropolitan areas.

Description: This file provides data on households and housing. The 2001 Census Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) contain samples of anonymous responses to the 2001 Census questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses. Three files are available: the Individuals File, the Families File, and the Households and Housing File. Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to non-aggregated data. The user can group and manipulate these variables to suit data and research requirements. Tabulations excluded from other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed using different statistical tests. These files provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people. Most of the census subject matter is included in the microdata files. For the anonymity of respondents, geographic identifiers have been restricted to provinces, territories and large metropolitan areas.

Note: This product will be released in 2 phases, Phase 1 (release May 17, 2006) and Phase 2 (released June 30, 2006). Phase 1 will contain the following: (1) the data file (2) portions of the user documentation (3) the SAS and SPSS code.

Phase 2 will contain the COMPLETE product, including the following additional information: (1) conversion factors (2) tools used to measure the quality (3) a users' guide which provides step-by-step instructions on how to use the Quality application.

Clients who have purchased Phase 1 of this product will automatically receive Phase 2, the complete product.

Description: Renters’ shelter costs can vary substantially by duration of tenancy. Renters who recently moved into their dwelling can pay substantially more than longstanding renters. This tenure-based discrepancy in rents paid can have important implications in terms of affordability and residential mobility. This study sheds light on trends in shelter cost differences by duration of tenancy from 1996 to 2021, and how this gap in rental costs between recent renters and longer-term renters varies across municipalities and neighbourhoods.

Description: The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) has admitted more immigrants than any other individual economic immigration program in most years since the mid-2010s. This article examines the occupational outcomes of recent provincial nominees (PNs) who obtained permanent residence in Canada one to five years prior to the 2021 Census. This is the fifth article in a series focusing on the PNP. It contributes to the series by examining several questions related to the occupational outcomes of PNs.

Description: This study uses data from the 2021 Census of Population to describe the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of persons living in households composed of parents and their adult children aged 20 and over. Distinctions in these characteristics by generation (adult children versus parents) are also examined.

Description: This study uses data from the 2021 Census of Population to describe the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of persons living in households composed of three or more generations of the same family. Distinctions in these characteristics by generation (youngest, middle or oldest) are also examined.

Description: Postsecondary education is a key element in developing a skilled workforce. International students are often seen as a potential source of labour supply beyond their temporary employment while studying. This study examines the alignment between the fields of study and occupations of immigrants with a postsecondary education who held study permits before becoming permanent residents from 2011 to 2021. It compares them with other immigrants who became permanent residents during the same period and Canadian-born postsecondary graduates.

Description: The rural crime fact sheets use data from the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey to examine the nature and extent of police-reported crime in rural areas of each province, making comparisons with urban areas. Where applicable, rural and urban areas are further disaggregated by northern and southern region. The analysis focuses on types of crime reported by police, as well as victim and accused characteristics.

Description: Using language-related data from the 2021 Census of Population, this infographic provides insights into the knowledge and use of Inuktut in Nunavut. Findings include results about language spoken at home, language used at work, mother tongue and knowledge of languages across the territory.

Description: This Juristat article examines the extent to which adult criminal court outcomes differ between Indigenous people and White people accused of criminal offences in Canada from 2016/2017 to 2020/2021. Differences in decision and sentencing outcomes are examined overtime and broken down by gender, age, province/region, type of offence, and criminal history. Additionally, results are presented separately for First Nations people, Métis, and Inuit accused. This study uses linked data from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey (ICCS) and the 2016 Census of Population.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Using data from the Labour Force Survey, this study examines employment trends in health occupations between 1998 and 2024. Data from the 2021 Census of Population are used to better understand the extent to which younger workers could replace those approaching retirement age. The role of immigration in mitigating the impacts of an aging health workforce is also explored.

Description: This fact sheet offers a summary of content changes for the 2026 Census specific to the question on Canadian military experience. The tested changes are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2026.

Description: This fact sheet offers a summary of content changes for the 2026 Census specific to the questions on place of residence 1 year and 5 years ago (i.e., mobility). The tested changes are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2026.

Description: This fact sheet offers a summary of content changes for the 2026 Census specific to the questions on activities of daily living. The tested changes are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2026.

Description: This fact sheet offers a summary of content changes for the 2026 Census specific to the question on population group. The tested changes are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2026.

Description: This report outlines the steps taken to develop a new question on general health for the 2026 Census of Population questionnaire.

Description: This report outlines the steps taken to develop new questions capturing data about homelessness for the 2026 Census of Population questionnaire.

Description: This report outlines the steps taken to develop a new question capturing data on sexual orientation for the 2026 Census of Population questionnaire.

Description: This report provides detailed insight into the design and methodology of the content test component of the 2024 Census Test. This test evaluated changes to the wording and flow of some questions, as well as the potential addition of new questions, to help determine the content of the 2026 Census of Population.

Description: This series of fact sheets offers a concise overview of changes in content for the 2026 Census of Population questionnaire by topic.

Description: This series of reports provides an in-depth look at changes in content for the 2026 Census of Population questionnaire as well as detailed information on the design and methodology of the content test component of the 2024 Census Test. The reports explain the conceptual frameworks and definitions used and outline the related findings from the 2024 Census Test on sexual orientation, homelessness and general health.