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Description:

In light of a recent change in population coverage, this study was initiated to determine whether the integrity of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) should be questioned on the grounds that it does not explicitly take into account rural house price movements. An attempt is made here to quantify the potential impact, using various regimes of artificial data to represent house price movements for rural regions. The regimes were manufactured in a way that allowed the analysis of differences between urban and rural regions in terms of the evolution of house prices, as well as differences in their cumulative price index levels. Three provinces were considered: Newfoundland, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia, all of which have large rural populations. The study results were monthly indexes for the time period, January 1986 to December 1994. The general conclusion was that house prices in rural regions would have to move very differently from those in urban regions to affect the overall level of the CPI. However, in the case of lower-level aggregates the failure to include rural house prices could be having an important effect. In addition, even when cumulative house price movements for rural and urban regions are similar, differences in their evolution tend to have an effect on the trend of the CPI, especially in the case of lower-level aggregates. While it is tempting to conclude that the current CPI methodology is robust enough to apply to the expanded population, this would be based purely on conjecture about the nature of movements in rural house prices. Hence, a second phase of this study will be initiated, whose purpose will be to develop a methodology to construct price indexes for rural regions.

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Many rural communities are searching for ways to stimulate local economic growth. Some factors are unique to a particular time and place. But are there other factors that will foster growth over time? The purpose of this bulletin is to review some of the factors associated with local economic growth.

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In today's changing economy, government, policy organizations, and members of the business community all emphasize the importance of knowledge, skills and lifelong learning for individuals to succeed in the labour market and for the economy to grow. Postsecondary education has been targeted as one of the key vehicles for producing a labour force ready to meet the challenge of the new workplace.

Description:

This report highlights the results of the geography portion of the 2001 Census consultation process. At the June 1998 federal-provincial conference session on the 2001 Census, geography was described as the "cornerstone" of the census. Based on the submissions received in the past year, many users feel the same way. It is the standard geographic areas that determine the framework in which the data will be released. It is the users, through the consultation process, who influence the changes to the standard geographic areas that are recommended for each census.

Description:

A defining feature of rural populations is that they are distant from major metropolitan centres. Thus, households in rural areas have different needs than those in urban areas and, therefore, different spending patterns. In 1996, the total expenditure of an average Canadian household was $49,054. Rural households spent an average of $42,620 while urban households had an average spending of $50,283. This article gives an overview of the differences and similarities in the spending patterns of rural and urban households.

Description:

When Canadians need to see a doctor, the cost of physician services is not a barrier. However, travel distance may restrict some people's access to health services. This article examines the proximity of the population to physicians. From a representative point within each of Canada's 45,995 Enumeration Areas (EAs), we calculated the aerial distance to the nearest physician.

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One component of a development strategy for rural communities is often to promote the establishment and growth of business enterprises. The purpose of this bulletin is to provide an overview of businesses with one or more employees located in smaller communities (incorporated towns and municipalities with less than 20,000 population).

Description: This study concentrates on the St. Lawrence River Valley, highlighting how the storm was dealt with and its aftermath.

Description:

This paper is the second of a two-part series on business services and their role in the Canadian economy. It provides a detailed industrial and geographical profile of employment, illustrates its composition and major characteristics and analyzes its sources of growth by type, gender, occupation, education and other features.

Business services is a dynamic sector with impressive employment growth, considerably higher than the economy average. Growth has been particularly strong in self-employment, part-time and female employment. Much of the growth in employment originates in the computer services industry. The proportion of managerial and professional positions has been growing relative to clerical ones. Employment is heavily concentrated in urban centres. Individuals employed in these industries are better educated and better paid than the average worker.

Description:

Technological advances and changes in the regulatory environment lead to convergence between the telecommunications, broadcasting and computer services sectors. The Information Highway will allow people to search for employment, pay their bills, book their travel arrangements, purchase goods and services, consult civil service advisors, use interactive educational and entertainment services and much more from their home. The Information Highway Advisory Council report recommends universal access at affordable prices as a policy objective, so that every Canadian, and not just a privileged few, may enjoy the benefits.

Telephone and cable networks are expected to be the backbone of the Information Highway infrastructure. However, households need to have terminals, such as computers and modems, which will be connected to the networks. The paper analyzes the characteristics of those Canadian households that have already made the decision to purchase and use these terminal devices. Telephone, cable, computer and modem penetration rates are examined with respect to several economic and socio-demographic variables, such as income, education, employment status, age, family composition, provincial and residential location. This helps to identify the major determinants behind these choices which, in turn, can assist the design of policies towards universal access. Telephone penetration is nearly complete and cable penetration is quite high. Although computer and modem penetration rates are much lower they are increasing fast. There is a very strong relationship between household income and computer and modem penetration rates, and education exerts an influence independent of income. Age has had important effects that are independent of income, and its influence will continue to be felt as the age distribution of the population changes in the future. Household composition also plays a role, and households in urban areas are better equipped than households in rural areas.

Description:

This annual publication includes detailed analysis and charts depicting construction activity over the last decade. The tables are comparable to those in the monthly publication 64-001-XPB Building permits. In addition, the annual publication includes revised monthly data, on a seasonally adjusted basis, for the previous three years.

Description: Individuals who are nearing death report a preference to be cared for and to die outside of hospital. The reasons for this preference are complex and multifactorial. This study examined differences in the use of end-of-life acute care and the location of death among residents with dementia in rural long-term care homes, compared with those in urban long-term care homes, in Ontario, Canada.

Description: Extreme heat has significant impacts on mortality. In Canada, past research has analyzed the degree to which non-accidental mortality increases during single extreme heat events; however, few studies have considered multiple causes of death and the impacts of extreme heat events on mortality over longer time periods. This study analyzes the impacts of extreme heat events on nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory deaths from 2000 to 2020 in 12 of the largest cities in Canada.

Description: While many Canadians prefer to live in low-density housing, the supply of these units is linked to urban sprawl and attendant environmental and economic implications. This article examines recent trends of new housing supply and areas of urban sprawl in select Canadian cities. It also analyzes the characteristics of homeowners who live in neighbourhoods which have recently experienced urban sprawl.

Description: This analysis compares the investment efforts of official language minority (OLM) owned businesses depending on whether they are located in a rural or urban area. The study is based on a model that uses a seemingly unrelated regression equation (SURE) system estimator to simultaneously assess the impact of determinants that explain the investment of businesses in rural and urban areas and to statistically test the differences between the two areas.

Description: A key component of Canada’s immigration program is to promote the balanced geographic distribution of immigrants and refugees across Canada. This study asks whether there were significant differences in the economic outcomes of government assisted refugees (GARs), based on the size of the city to which they were designated. The analysis was conducted for both those remaining in the designated cities (stayers) and those moving to other locations (movers).

Description: This publication features short and accessible analytical articles that delve further into key findings and emerging trends identified in Census of Agriculture and other data sources related to agriculture. Subjects of analysis include matters related to farm land, crops, livestock, farm finances, technology, the environment and the farm population, as well as other economic and social aspects of Canada’s agriculture industry. Analytical articles are written in plain language and are intended to be a valuable source of information for a broad audience, including policy analysts, students, researchers, agricultural operators, the media and the public at large.

Description: This research paper examines shelter and transportation costs within census metropolitan areas (CMAs). The paper begins by describing a proposed methodology for delineating urban and suburban sub-regions within CMA Market Basket Measure (MBM) regions. It then presents new shelter and transportation costs based on the new delineations and assesses the extent to which differences in costs between urban and suburban sub-regions differ. The analysis concludes by examining how the new delineations would impact the estimation of poverty rates had they been implemented. This paper also provides an opportunity for the public and stakeholders to provide feedback and comments.

Description: This infographic looks at the distribution of the Canadian farm population by province, area (rural vs urban), median household income and farm type. The main data source for this product is the 2021 Agriculture–Population Linkage (linkage between the Census of Agriculture and the Census of Population).

Description: Infographic with main findings from the "Police-reported crime in rural and urban areas in the Canadian provinces, 2021" Juristat article.

Description:

As the eleventh goal outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Canada and other UN member states have committed to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable by 2030. This 2022 infographic provides an overview of indicators underlying the eleventh Sustainable Development Goal in support of sustainable cities and communities, and the statistics and data sources used to monitor and report on this goal in Canada.

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Series description

This series includes five general reference products - the Preview of Products and Services; the Catalogue; the Dictionary; the Handbook and the Technical Reports - as well as geography reference products - GeoSuite and Reference Maps.

Product description

Technical Reports examine the quality of data from the 1996 Census, a large and complex undertaking. While considerable effort was taken to ensure high quality standards throughout each step, the results are subject to a certain degree of error. Each report looks at the collection and processing operations and presents results from data evaluation, as well as notes on historical comparability.

Technical Reports are aimed at moderate and sophisticated users but are written in a manner which could make them useful to all census data users. Most of the technical reports have been cancelled, with the exception of Age, Sex, Marital Status and Common-law Status, Coverage and Sampling and Weighting. These reports will be available as bilingual publications as well as being available in both official languages on the Internet as free products.

This report deals with coverage errors, which occured when persons, households, dwellings or families were missed by the 1996 Census or enumerated in error. Coverage errors are one of the most important types of error since they affect not only the accuracy of the counts of the various census universes but also the accuracy of all of the census data describing the characteristics of these universes. With this information, users can determine the risks involved in basing conclusions or decisions on census data.

Description:

This report highlights the results of the geography portion of the 2001 Census consultation process. At the June 1998 federal-provincial conference session on the 2001 Census, geography was described as the "cornerstone" of the census. Based on the submissions received in the past year, many users feel the same way. It is the standard geographic areas that determine the framework in which the data will be released. It is the users, through the consultation process, who influence the changes to the standard geographic areas that are recommended for each census.

Description:

This Geography Supplement augments the Geography section of the 2001 Census Consultation Guide, Catalogue No. 92-125-GPE. It provides additional information to help users contribute ideas and suggestions to Statistics Canada regarding the geographic content of the 2001 Census.