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Survey or statistical program
- Census of Population (2)
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All (53)
All (53) (0 to 10 of 53 results)
- Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100008Description:
Non-probability samples are being increasingly explored by National Statistical Offices as a complement to probability samples. We consider the scenario where the variable of interest and auxiliary variables are observed in both a probability and non-probability sample. Our objective is to use data from the non-probability sample to improve the efficiency of survey-weighted estimates obtained from the probability sample. Recently, Sakshaug, Wisniowski, Ruiz and Blom (2019) and Wisniowski, Sakshaug, Ruiz and Blom (2020) proposed a Bayesian approach to integrating data from both samples for the estimation of model parameters. In their approach, non-probability sample data are used to determine the prior distribution of model parameters, and the posterior distribution is obtained under the assumption that the probability sampling design is ignorable (or not informative). We extend this Bayesian approach to the prediction of finite population parameters under non-ignorable (or informative) sampling by conditioning on appropriate survey-weighted statistics. We illustrate the properties of our predictor through a simulation study.
Key Words: Bayesian prediction; Gibbs sampling; Non-ignorable sampling; Statistical data integration.
Release date: 2021-10-29 - 19-22-0005Description:
In this session, we will attempt to demystify the concept of confidence intervals as they relate to sample data. A practical approach is used, placing emphasis on the meaning and interpretation of results rather than the mathematics. The goal is to make sense of some common challenges faced by data users when interpreting confidence intervals. The session is intended for a beginner audience. Some familiarity with basic statistical concepts would be beneficial/advantageous but not required.
https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/wtc/information/19220005
Release date: 2021-05-28 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 71-526-XDescription:
The Canadian Labour Force Survey (LFS) is the official source of monthly estimates of total employment and unemployment. Following the 2011 census, the LFS underwent a sample redesign to account for the evolution of the population and labour market characteristics, to adjust to changes in the information needs and to update the geographical information used to carry out the survey. The redesign program following the 2011 census culminated with the introduction of a new sample at the beginning of 2015. This report is a reference on the methodological aspects of the LFS, covering stratification, sampling, collection, processing, weighting, estimation, variance estimation and data quality.
Release date: 2017-12-21 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X201500214230Description:
This paper develops allocation methods for stratified sample surveys where composite small area estimators are a priority, and areas are used as strata. Longford (2006) proposed an objective criterion for this situation, based on a weighted combination of the mean squared errors of small area means and a grand mean. Here, we redefine this approach within a model-assisted framework, allowing regressor variables and a more natural interpretation of results using an intra-class correlation parameter. We also consider several uses of power allocation, and allow the placing of other constraints such as maximum relative root mean squared errors for stratum estimators. We find that a simple power allocation can perform very nearly as well as the optimal design even when the objective is to minimize Longford’s (2006) criterion.
Release date: 2015-12-17 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X201500214248Description:
Unit level population models are often used in model-based small area estimation of totals and means, but the models may not hold for the sample if the sampling design is informative for the model. As a result, standard methods, assuming that the model holds for the sample, can lead to biased estimators. We study alternative methods that use a suitable function of the unit selection probability as an additional auxiliary variable in the sample model. We report the results of a simulation study on the bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the proposed estimators of small area means and on the relative bias of the associated MSE estimators, using informative sampling schemes to generate the samples. Alternative methods, based on modeling the conditional expectation of the design weight as a function of the model covariates and the response, are also included in the simulation study.
Release date: 2015-12-17 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X201300111823Description:
Although weights are widely used in survey sampling their ultimate justification from the design perspective is often problematical. Here we will argue for a stepwise Bayes justification for weights that does not depend explicitly on the sampling design. This approach will make use of the standard kind of information present in auxiliary variables however it will not assume a model relating the auxiliary variables to the characteristic of interest. The resulting weight for a unit in the sample can be given the usual interpretation as the number of units in the population which it represents.
Release date: 2013-06-28 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X201300111824Description:
In most surveys all sample units receive the same treatment and the same design features apply to all selected people and households. In this paper, it is explained how survey designs may be tailored to optimize quality given constraints on costs. Such designs are called adaptive survey designs. The basic ingredients of such designs are introduced, discussed and illustrated with various examples.
Release date: 2013-06-28 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X201200111682Description:
Sample allocation issues are studied in the context of estimating sub-population (stratum or domain) means as well as the aggregate population mean under stratified simple random sampling. A non-linear programming method is used to obtain "optimal" sample allocation to strata that minimizes the total sample size subject to specified tolerances on the coefficient of variation of the estimators of strata means and the population mean. The resulting total sample size is then used to determine sample allocations for the methods of Costa, Satorra and Ventura (2004) based on compromise allocation and Longford (2006) based on specified "inferential priorities". In addition, we study sample allocation to strata when reliability requirements for domains, cutting across strata, are also specified. Performance of the three methods is studied using data from Statistics Canada's Monthly Retail Trade Survey (MRTS) of single establishments.
Release date: 2012-06-27 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X201200111683Description:
We consider alternatives to poststratification for doubly classified data in which at least one of the two-way cells is too small to allow the poststratification based upon this double classification. In our study data set, the expected count in the smallest cell is 0.36. One approach is simply to collapse cells. This is likely, however, to destroy the double classification structure. Our alternative approaches allows one to maintain the original double classification of the data. The approaches are based upon the calibration study by Chang and Kott (2008). We choose weight adjustments dependent upon the marginal classifications (but not full cross classification) to minimize an objective function of the differences between the population counts of the two way cells and their sample estimates. In the terminology of Chang and Kott (2008), if the row and column classifications have I and J cells respectively, this results in IJ benchmark variables and I + J - 1 model variables. We study the performance of these estimators by constructing simulation simple random samples from the 2005 Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages which is maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. We use the double classification of state and industry group. In our study, the calibration approaches introduced an asymptotically trivial bias, but reduced the MSE, compared to the unbiased estimator, by as much as 20% for a small sample.
Release date: 2012-06-27 - 10. Nonsampling errors in dual frame telephone surveys ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X201100111443Description:
Dual frame telephone surveys are becoming common in the U.S. because of the incompleteness of the landline frame as people transition to cell phones. This article examines nonsampling errors in dual frame telephone surveys. Even though nonsampling errors are ignored in much of the dual frame literature, we find that under some conditions substantial biases may arise in dual frame telephone surveys due to these errors. We specifically explore biases due to nonresponse and measurement error in these telephone surveys. To reduce the bias resulting from these errors, we propose dual frame sampling and weighting methods. The compositing factor for combining the estimates from the two frames is shown to play an important role in reducing nonresponse bias.
Release date: 2011-06-29
Data (1)
Data (1) ((1 result))
- 1. Ontario Adult Literacy Survey ArchivedPublic use microdata: 89M0018XDescription:
This is a CD-ROM product from the Ontario Adult Literacy Survey (OALS), conducted in the spring of 1998 with the goal of providing information on: the ability of Ontario immigrants to use either English or French in their daily activities; and on their self-perceived literacy skills, training needs and barriers to training.
In order to cover the majority of Ontario immigrants, the Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) of Toronto, Hamilton, Ottawa, Kitchener, London and St. Catharines were included in the sample. With these 6 CMAs, about 83% of Ontario immigrants were included in the sample frame. This sample of 7,107 dwellings covered the population of Ontario immigrants in general as well as specifically targetting immigrants with a mother tongue of Italian, Chinese, Portuguese, Polish, and Spanish and immigrants born in the Caribbean Islands with a mother tongue of English.
Each interview was approximately 1.5 hours in duration and consisted of a half-hour questionnaire, asking demographic and literacy-related questions as well as a one-hour literacy test. This literacy test was derived from that used in the 1994 International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) and covered the domains of document and quantitative literacy. An overall response rate to the survey of 76% was achieved, resulting in 4,648 respondents.
Release date: 1999-10-29
Analysis (48)
Analysis (48) (40 to 50 of 48 results)
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X20010015858Description:
The objective of this paper is to study and measure the change (from the initial to the final weight) which results from the procedure used to modify weights. A breakdown of the final weights is proposed in order to evaluate the relative impact of the nonresponse adjustment, the correction for poststratification and the interaction between these two adjustments. This measure of change is used as a tool for comparing the effectiveness of the various methods for adjusting for nonresponse, in particular the methods relying on the formation of Response Homogeneity Groups. The measure of change is examined through a simulation study, which uses data from a Statistics Canada longitudinal survey, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics. The measure of change is also applied to data obtained from a second longitudinal survey, the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth.
Release date: 2001-08-22 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X20010015859Description:
In 2001, the INSEE conducted a survey to better understand the homeless population. Since there was no survey frame to allow direct access to homeless persons, the survey principle involved sampling the services they received and questioning the individuals who used those services. Weighting the individual input to the survey proved difficult because a single individual could receive several services within the designated reference period. This article shows how it is possible to apply the weight sharing method to resolve this problem. In this type of survey, a single variable can produce several parameters of interest corresponding to populations varying with time. A set of weights corresponds to each definition of parameters. The article focuses, in particular, on "an average day" and "an average week" weight calculation. Information is also provided on the use data to be collected and the nonresponse adjustment.
Release date: 2001-08-22 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X20000025531Description:
Information from list and area sampling frames is combined to obtain efficient estimates of population size and totals. We consider the case where the probabilities of inclusion on the list frames are heterogeneous and are modeled as a function of covariates. We adapt and modify the methodology of Huggins (1989) and Albo (1990) for modeling auxiliary variables in capture-recapture studies using a logistic regression model. We present the results from a simulation study which compares various estimators of frame size and population totals using the logistic regression approach to modeling heterogeneous inclusion probabilities.
Release date: 2001-02-28 - Articles and reports: 62F0014M1998012Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the methods of adjustment for quality change made in the Canadian Consumer Price Index for the period 1989 to 1994. It finds that in most cases the current Canadian practice ensures that the replacement of one commodity by another, one variety of a commodity by another, or one outlet by another, has no impact on the overall index. The main exceptions to this result occur when replacing varieties of commodities that are purchased only occasionally, and a judgement is made that the quality ratio between the old and new variety is not the same as the ratio of their prices. In these cases there is an impact on the index, up or down, depending on whether the change in price reported is higher or lower than the change in quality. From the experience of the CPI in these six years there has been a correlation between the price ratio of a variety and its replacement and the index movement that derives from the judgement. The direction and size of the impact on the index depends largely on whether an item is replaced with a higher or lower priced item. For these reasons, the paper argues that more attention should be paid to ensuring that the item selection is more representative of current sales than has traditionally been the case.
Release date: 1999-05-13 - 45. Canadian Travel Survey ArchivedJournals and periodicals: 87-504-XDescription:
This publication presents data, charts, map and analytical text on trips and socio-economic characteristics of Canadians travelling within Canada. Trip information includes purpose, activities, mode of transportation, length of stay, origin and destination, and expenditures. In addition to providing national data, the publication also includes some tables presenting provincial and metropolitan detail.
Release date: 1998-04-17 - Articles and reports: 75F0002M1996010Description:
This study examines whether the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) could provide the same data as the Absence from Work Survey (AWS), and if so, how the estimates compare between the two surveys.
Release date: 1997-12-31 - 47. A transformation method for finite population sampling calibrated with empirical likelihood ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X19960022980Description:
In this paper, we study a confidence interval estimation method for a finite population average when some auxiliairy information is available. As demonstrated by Royall and Cumberland in a series of empirical studies, naive use of existing methods to construct confidence intervals for population averages may result in very poor conditional coverage probabilities, conditional on the sample mean of the covariate. When this happens, we propose to transform the data to improve the precision of the normal approximation. The transformed data are then used to make inference on the original population average, and the auxiliary information is incorporated into the inference directly, or by calibration with empirical likelihood. Our approach is design-based. We apply our approach to six real populations and find that when transformation is needed, our approach performs well compared to the usual regression method.
Release date: 1997-01-30 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X197500254824Description:
Madow [1968] has proposed a two-phase sampling scheme under which response bias can be eliminated from sample surveys by obtaining “true” values for a subsample of the original sample. Often in cases of Censuses or ongoing surveys, the subsample data are not used to correct the main survey estimates but to assess their reliability. The main purpose of this paper is to present methods by which reliability estimates can be obtained when true values can be determined for a subsample of units.
Release date: 1975-12-15
Reference (3)
Reference (3) ((3 results))
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 71-526-XDescription:
The Canadian Labour Force Survey (LFS) is the official source of monthly estimates of total employment and unemployment. Following the 2011 census, the LFS underwent a sample redesign to account for the evolution of the population and labour market characteristics, to adjust to changes in the information needs and to update the geographical information used to carry out the survey. The redesign program following the 2011 census culminated with the introduction of a new sample at the beginning of 2015. This report is a reference on the methodological aspects of the LFS, covering stratification, sampling, collection, processing, weighting, estimation, variance estimation and data quality.
Release date: 2017-12-21 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-370-XDescription:
Series description
This series includes five general reference products - the Preview of Products and Services; the Catalogue; the Dictionary; the Handbook and the Technical Reports - as well as geography reference products - GeoSuite and Reference Maps.
Product description
Technical Reports examine the quality of data from the 1996 Census, a large and complex undertaking. While considerable effort was taken to ensure high quality standards throughout each step, the results are subject to a certain degree of error. Each report looks at the collection and processing operations and presents results from data evaluation, as well as notes on historical comparability.
Technical Reports are aimed at moderate and sophisticated users but are written in a manner which could make them useful to all census data users. Most of the technical reports have been cancelled, with the exception of Age, Sex, Marital Status and Common-law Status, Coverage and Sampling and Weighting. These reports will be available as bilingual publications as well as being available in both official languages on the Internet as free products.
This report deals with coverage errors, which occured when persons, households, dwellings or families were missed by the 1996 Census or enumerated in error. Coverage errors are one of the most important types of error since they affect not only the accuracy of the counts of the various census universes but also the accuracy of all of the census data describing the characteristics of these universes. With this information, users can determine the risks involved in basing conclusions or decisions on census data.
Release date: 1999-12-14 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1993014Description:
This paper presents the results from test 3A of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), conducted in January 1993, with a view to identify any necessary changes to the questions or to the algorithm used to derive labour force status.
Release date: 1995-12-30
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