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  • 61. Are Immigrants Buying to Get In?: The Role of Ethnic Clustering on the Homeownership Propensities of 12 Toronto Immigrant Groups, 1996-2001 Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005252
    Geography: Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    Numerous studies equate immigrant homeownership with assimilation into the residential mainstream, though only rarely is this claim verified by studying the ethnic character of neighbourhoods where immigrants actually buy homes. In this paper, the 1996 and 2001 Census of Canada master files and bivariate probit models with sample selection corrections (a.k.a. Heckman probit models) are used to assess the neighbourhood-level ethnic determinants of homeownership in Toronto, Canada. By determining whether low levels of ethnic concentration accompany a home purchase, it can be assessed whether immigrants exit their enclaves in search of a home in the 'promised land', as traditional assimilation theory suggests, or if some now seek homes in the 'ethnic communities' that Logan, Alba and Zhang (2002) recently introduced in the American Sociological Review. Assessing the role of concentration under equilibrium conditions, evidence emerges that same-group concentration affects the propensity of several group members to buy homes.

    Release date: 2005-05-26
  • 62. Summary Of: Are Immigrants Buying to Get In?: The Role of Ethnic Clustering on the Homeownership Propensities of 12 Toronto Immigrant Groups, 1996-2001 Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005253
    Geography: Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled Are immigrants buying to get in? The role of ethnic clustering on the homeownership propensities of 12 Toronto immigrant groups, 1996-2001. Spatial assimilation theory is a model of status attainment that links the spatial and social positions of minority group members (Massey and Denton 1985). If applied to immigrants, the model would suggest that immigrants would first cluster in typically poor neighbourhoods with high concentrations of co-ethnics, but that ethnic concentration should be temporary and of declining utility. Once an immigrant family's socioeconomic status improves, they should merge into the residential 'mainstream' by moving to a better, and typically less segregated, neighbourhood (Massey and Denton 1985). Further, although housing tenure is not an explicit dimension of spatial assimilation theory, given the well-established relationship between income, human capital and homeownership (Balakrishnan and Wu 1992; Laryea 1999), and the importance of homeownership as an indicator of well-being and residential assimilation (Myers and Lee 1998), part of an immigrant family's socioeconomic ascent should be a shift from tenant to homeowner (Alba and Logan 1992). Spatial assimilation theory would further predict that same-group concentration should be inversely related to homeownership since ethnic enclaves are typically conceived of as poor rental zones (Fong and Gulia 1999; Myles and Hou 2004).

    Recent research (Alba and Nee 2003; Logan, Alba, and Zhang 2002), however, finds that some immigrant groups may be choosing against spatial assimilation to form more durable 'ethnic communities' (Logan, Alba, and Zhang 2002), giving rise to a positive and growing 'enclave effect' on homeownership (Borjas 2002). In this paper, an enclave effect is evaluated as an explanation for the 1996-2001 homeownership patterns of Toronto's 12 largest recent immigrant groups. Using longitudinally-consistent and temporally-antecedent 1996 neighbourhood ethnic composition data this paper aims to determine if immigrants buy homes outside their enclaves or prefer an owner-occupied neighbourhood of same-group members. To this end, the paper discusses the potential benefits of living and buying in an enclave; it develops a predictive framework for determining which groups might benefit from owner-occupied ethnic communities; it also examines the issue of 'neighbourhood disequilibrium' and evaluates the enclave effect on homeownership using a sample of recent (1996-2001) movers, their 1996 neighbourhood ethnic characteristics, and bivariate probit models with sample selection corrections (Van de Ven and Van Praag 1981).

    Release date: 2005-05-26
  • 63. The Decline of the Immigrant Homeownership Advantage: Life-cycle, Declining Fortunes and Changing Housing Careers in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, 1981-2001 Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005238
    Geography: Canada, Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    In the past, working-age immigrant families in Canada's large urban centres had higher homeownership rates than the Canadian-born. Over the past twenty years however, this advantage has reversed, due jointly to a drop in immigrant rates and a rise in the popularity of homeownership among the Canadian-born. This paper assesses the efficacy of standard consumer choice models, which include indicators for age, income, education, family type, plus several immigrant characteristics, to explain these changes. The main findings are that the standard model almost completely explains the immigrant homeownership advantage in 1981, as well as the rise over time among the Canadian-born, but even after accounting for the well-known decline in immigrant economic fortunes, only about one-third of the 1981-2001 immigrant change in homeownership rates is explained. The implications of this inability are discussed and several suggestions for further research are made.

    Release date: 2005-02-03
  • 64. Evolving Housing Conditions in Canada's Census Metropolitan Areas, 1991-2001 Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-613-M2004005
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The report examines housing market trends and housing adequacy, suitability, affordability, and core housing need in Canada's census metropolitan areas (CMAs) from 1991 to 2001.

    It begins with a review of demographic and housing market trends, including changes in house prices, rents, and incomes during the 1990s and of factors underlying increasing housing demand late in the decade. Against this backdrop, subsequent chapters examine how well households living in CMAs were housed in 1991, 1996, and 2001. Households that do not live in acceptable housing and do not have sufficient income to afford such housing are deemed to be in core housing need. The last chapter of the report explores the spatial distribution of core housing need in CMAs in 2001 and the characteristics of neighbourhoods in which core housing need was most prevalent.

    This publication is not available. For more information, contact Andrew Heisz at 613-951-3748 or Sébastien Larochelle-Côté at 613-951-0803.

    Release date: 2005-01-05
  • 65. Wealth inequality by province Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X200410913127
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory
    Description:

    The article, published in Perspectives on Labour and Income, highlights aspects of wealth distribution that are relatively consistent across the country and others that are more specific to certain provinces and families.

    Wealth inequality relates to different income patterns across the country, but it also reflects patterns in the components of wealth, such as high residential property values in British Columbia and high levels of farm assets on the Prairies. This article uses data from the Survey of Financial Security.

    Release date: 2004-12-20
  • 66. Estimating Homeowners' Expenses on Repairs and Renovations: Recent Changes in Approach Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2004002
    Description:

    This report reviews the concepts measured and estimates produced by the Survey of Household Spending (SHS), previously called the Family Expenditure Survey (FAMEX), and the Homeowner Repair and Renovation Survey (HRRS).

    Release date: 2004-11-30
  • 67. Housing costs of elderly families Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X200410713124
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article examines housing costs within the context of income and assets, focusing on elderly homeowners but including younger families and renters for comparison. The low-income dimension is also explored.

    Release date: 2004-09-21
  • 68. On the Move with Homebuyers: Shopping for Furniture Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-621-M2004012
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article examines retail sales and household expenditures data from 1997 to 2002 to show the impact of homebuyers on furniture and appliance spending.

    Release date: 2004-05-13
  • 69. City Comparisons of Shelter Costs in Canada: A Hedonic Approach Archived
    Articles and reports: 62F0014M2004017
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper documents the approach used to construct the shelter element of the current spatial index program. The intercity indexes of the retail price differentials program of Prices Division had, until recently, excluded any reference to shelter because of conceptual issues. A rental equivalence approach is used for measuring spatial variations in the costs of shelter services among cities. To control for quality variations across areas, a semi-log separate hedonic regression methodology is used to construct the Laspeyres, Paasche, and Fisher Törnqvist interarea indices.

    Release date: 2004-04-16
  • 70. Different Perspectives on the Rate of Inflation, 1982-2000: The Impact of Homeownership Costs Archived
    Articles and reports: 62F0014M2003016
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    For a long time, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) has been the most commonly referenced measure of inflation. However, it is not generally perceived how sensitive the CPI is to the measurement of price change for owned accommodation. The relative importance of the homeownership component in the CPI and the movement of that component are critically dependent on the choice of concept for estimating homeownership costs. However, there is no one concept that is generally agreed upon by official statistical agencies. As part of an ongoing research program into major issues involved in the construction of consumer price indexes, analytical indexes of consumer prices based on different treatments of owned accommodation are updated in this publication for the period 1995 to 2000.

    This paper presents seven alternative homeownership series based on four different concepts, including one based on the current concept used in the official CPI. Series are also shown for higher-level aggregates, including indexes at the All-items level. All of these higher-level aggregates differ only in their owned accommodation components, for all aggregates and all other components are based on the official concept.

    Release date: 2003-04-10
Data (16)

Data (16) (0 to 10 of 16 results)

Analysis (58)

Analysis (58) (0 to 10 of 58 results)

  • 1. Insights into the impact of extreme weather trends in Canada on homeowners insurance profitability and consumers
    Stats in brief: 11-621-M2024003
    Description: This paper looks at how extreme weather claims have impacted the insurance industry in Canada from 2020 to 2023. A specific focus is given to homeowners insurance, which during this time, homeowners insurance consumer price index exceeded all items inflation. Insurer profitability and consumer impacts are analyzed given the significant uptick in catastrophic claims. All four years analyzed ranked in the top 10 most costly claims years in Canadian history, costing billions each year. In addition, other contributing factors are explored to provide a robust overview of trends in profitability of the insurance industry.
    Release date: 2024-05-15
  • 2. Intergenerational housing outcomes in Canada: Parents’ housing wealth, adult children’s property values and parent–child co-ownership
    Articles and reports: 46-28-0001202400100002
    Description: This article examines the association between parents' housing wealth and the values of houses owned by their adult children. It also documents parent and child co-ownership arrangements. The article follows a previous article that examined the role that parents' property ownership played in the likelihood of homeownership for children born in the 1990s. These articles use residential property and ownership information from the Canadian Housing Statistics Program for the 2021 reference year for all provinces and territories, except Quebec and Saskatchewan.
    Release date: 2024-05-01
  • 3. The housing trajectories of Canadian-born racialized population groups
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200003
    Description: For many Canadian households, the home is the primary asset and means of wealth accumulation. This study examines the housing trajectories of Canadian-born racialized population groups at different ages and points in their lives, using 1996 to 2021 Canadian census data. Racialized groups are further disaggregated by birth cohort.
    Release date: 2023-12-21
  • 4. Parents and children in the Canadian housing market: Does parental property ownership increase the likelihood of homeownership for their adult children?
    Articles and reports: 46-28-0001202300100004
    Description: This study examines the likelihood of 1990s-born children to be homeowners in 2021 based on the residential property ownership status of their parents. This analysis is based on administrative data from the Canadian Housing Statistics Program for eight Canadian provinces and three Canadian territories. The homeownership rate of children is analyzed based on the number of residential properties excluding vacant land owned by their parents, with controls added for province, age, and income level.
    Release date: 2023-11-20
  • 5. Homeownership, income, and residential property values
    Articles and reports: 46-28-0001201900100002
    Description:

    This article analyzes the income characteristics of residential property owners in British Columbia, Ontario and Nova Scotia. It provides new information on owners who claimed the home buyers' amount tax credit in 2017 to offer insights on the income of first-time home buyers and their properties. This article also explores the relationship between owner income and property values, and investigates income distributions of owners in selected areas.

    Release date: 2019-12-05
  • 6. Residential property ownership: Real estate holdings by multiple-property owners
    Articles and reports: 46-28-0001201900100001
    Geography: Province or territory
    Description:

    This article provides information on multiple-property owners in the provinces of British Columbia, Ontario and Nova Scotia whose usual residence is in one of these provinces. This analysis investigates the characteristics of these people and their properties. It is based on data from the Canadian Housing Statistics Program for reference year 2018.

    Release date: 2019-09-27
  • 7. A portrait of residential multiple-property owners, 2018: British Columbia, Ontario and Nova Scotia Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2019062
    Geography: Province or territory
    Description:

    New data from the Canadian Housing Statistics Program (CHSP) provide more information about residential multiple-property owners in the province of British Columbia, Ontario, and in Nova Scotia whose usual residence is in one of these provinces for the reference year 2018. These data complement the previous June 2019 release of by including findings specific to residential owners with multiple properties. The new data provides information on the location of these of owners, their demographic characteristics, as well as the property types they own.

    Release date: 2019-09-27
  • 8. Homeownership, mortgage debt and types of mortgage among Canadian families Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-006-X201900100012
    Description:

    A dream of many Canadians is to someday own their own home and most take on debt for that reason. This study uses data from the Survey of Financial Security to examine changes in homeownership rates and factors associated with homeownership, the proportion of families who had paid off the mortgage on their principal residence, and the amount of mortgage debt owed by families who had a mortgage. The study also provides information on the types of mortgage rates on the principal residence (fixed rate, variable rate or a combination of both).

    Release date: 2019-08-08
  • 9. What do we know about homeownership and mortgage debt in Canada? Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2019054
    Description:

    A dream of many Canadians is to someday own their own home. Canadians work hard to achieve this goal and most take on debt for that reason. Using data from the Survey on Financial Security, this infographic describes trends in homeownership and mortgage debt from 1999 to 2016.

    Release date: 2019-08-08
  • 10. A Portrait of Residential Property Owners in Nova Scotia, Ontario, and British Columbia, 2018 Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2019043
    Description:

    New data from the Canadian Housing Statistics Program (CHSP) provide more information about residential property owners in Ontario and British Columbia, and new information about owners in Nova Scotia, for 2018. Although preliminary CHSP data for owners in Ontario and British Columbia were published in June 2018, these new data complement the previous release by including owners in Nova Scotia, as well as non-individual owners (businesses, governments, etc.) and non-resident owners (owners who do not live primarily in Canada). The new data also provide a demographic profile of individual resident owners and information about owner-occupied properties. This infographic presents the new data highlighting certain characteristics of property owners, including the owner occupancy rates of selected residential properties.

    Release date: 2019-06-11
Reference (5)

Reference (5) ((5 results))

  • 1. First-time homebuyer concept: Technical reference note Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2020001
    Description:

    This note provides the definition of a first-time homebuyer concept used in the 2018 Canadian Housing Survey (CHS). It also includes the methodology used to identify first-time homebuyers and provides sensitivity analysis under alternative methodologies.

    Release date: 2020-01-15
  • 2. Estimating Homeowners' Expenses on Repairs and Renovations: Recent Changes in Approach Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2004002
    Description:

    This report reviews the concepts measured and estimates produced by the Survey of Household Spending (SHS), previously called the Family Expenditure Survey (FAMEX), and the Homeowner Repair and Renovation Survey (HRRS).

    Release date: 2004-11-30
  • 3. User Guide for the Survey of Household Spending, 2001 Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2002002
    Geography: Province or territory
    Description:

    This guide presents information of interest to users of data from the Survey of Household Spending. Data are collected via paper questionnaires and personal interviews conducted in January, February and March after the reference year. Information is gathered about the spending habits, dwelling characteristics and household equipment of Canadian households during the reference year. The survey covers private households in the 10 provinces and the 3 territories. (The territories are surveyed every second year, starting in 2001.) This guide includes definitions of survey terms and variables, as well as descriptions of survey methodology and data quality. There is also a section describing the various statistics that can be created using expenditure data (e.g., budget share, market share and aggregates).

    Release date: 2002-12-11
  • 4. Unified Enterprise Survey Information Package Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 68F0015X
    Description:

    The purpose of this paper is to provide some general background and describe the methodology of the pilot year Unified Enterprise Survey (UES). It also illustrates the role of the Unified Enterprise Survey Program (UESP) within The Project to Improve Provincial Economic Statistics (PIPES) program. This information package is targeted toward external clients, for example the Provincial Focal Points, enabling them to assess future data releases planned by industry sector. The scope of this information package will be expanded as subsequent data releases over the next six months or so provide more industry specific details for the seven new pilot industries included in the 1997 UES. This document is approximately twenty-two pages in length and is to be offered at no charge to callers requesting information on the UES.

    Release date: 1999-09-01
  • 5. Towards a New Canadian Asset and Debt Survey - a Content Discussion Paper Archived
    Notices and consultations: 13F0026M1999001
    Description:

    The main objectives of a new Canadian survey measuring asset and debt holding of families and individuals will be to update wealth information that is over one decade old; to improve the reliability of the wealth estimates; and, to provide a primary tool for analysing many important policy issues related to the distribution of assets and debts, future consumption possibilities, and savings behaviour that is of interest to governments, business and communities.

    This paper is the document that launched the development of the new asset and debt survey, subsequently renamed the Survey of Financial Security. It looks at the conceptual framework for the survey, including the appropriate unit of measurement (family, household or person) and discusses measurement issues such as establishing an accounting framework for assets and debts. The variables proposed for inclusion are also identified. The paper poses several questions to readers and asks for comments and feedback.

    Release date: 1999-03-23
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