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- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200900001Description:
Registered Education Savings Plans (RESPs) are an important vehicle to help families save for postsecondary education. However, large differences in RESP savings persist between families of different income levels, despite targeted incentives aimed at encouraging low- and middle-income families to open RESP accounts and contribute to them. This article documents the differences in RESP contributions between families with different levels of income and liquid wealth.
Release date: 2022-09-28 - Articles and reports: 13-605-X202000100006Description:
This study of data from the Distributions of Household Economic Accounts compares households' economic well-being from a macro-economic accounts perspective, as measured by net saving and net worth for each generation when the major income earner for a household in one generation reached the same point in the life cycle as the major income earner for a household in another generation. The study finds that while younger generations have higher disposable income and higher consumption expenditure than older generations when they reached the same age, their net saving is relatively similar. As well, younger generations' economic well-being may be more at risk due to the COVID-19 pandemic since they depend more on employment as a primary source of income, they have higher debt relative to income, and they have less equity in financial and real estate assets from which to draw upon when needed.
Release date: 2020-12-10 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020012Description:
The Government of Canada offers various financial incentives for parents to save for their children’s postsecondary education by contributing to a Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP). However, RESP participation rates tend to rise substantially with family income, and previous research has demonstrated that family wealth was the single most important reason for this trend (among factors that could be examined). This study explores whether differences in parental literacy, numeracy and financial literacy can further account for some of the gap in RESP participation by level of family income.
Release date: 2020-07-06 - Articles and reports: 11-626-X2017071Description:
This Economic Insights article documents the characteristics of families with children under the age of 18 who hold registered education savings plan (RESP) investments. The article also examines the relationship between holding an RESP account at age 15 and postsecondary enrolment between the ages of 19 and 27. The data are drawn from the 1999 and 2012 Survey of Financial Security and from the Youth in Transition Survey, Cohort A, linked to the T1 Family File. Postsecondary enrolment is derived from education deductions and tuition credits in the tax data.
Release date: 2017-04-12 - 5. Which Families Invest in Registered Education Savings Plans and Does It Matter for Postsecondary Enrolment? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2017392Description:
The registered education savings plan (RESP) savings vehicle is designed to encourage parents of school-age children to save for their children’s postsecondary education through tax sheltered earnings on contributions, as well as through additional contributions from the federal government. No recent evidence exists on the characteristics of RESP holders, and little exists on the association between having an RESP and enrolling in postsecondary education.
This study makes three contributions to the literature. First, it documents differences in RESP holdings by family income and how these have evolved over time. Second, it decomposes these differences (particularly between the top and bottom quintiles of family income) into portions that are related to differences in key determinants of RESP participation (e.g., family wealth and parental education). And, third, it examines the relationship between having an RESP account and attending a postsecondary institution.
Release date: 2017-04-12 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2017391Description:
This paper assesses the extent to which education affects how Canadians save and accumulate wealth for retirement. The paper makes three contributions. First, a descriptive analysis is presented of differences in savings and home values across individuals based on their levels of educational attainment. To this end, new datasets that link survey respondents from the 1991 and 2006 censuses of Canada to their administrative tax records are used. These data provide a unique opportunity to jointly observe education, savings, home values, and a plethora of other factors of relevance. Second, the causal effect of high school completion on savings rates in tax-preferred accounts is estimated, exploiting compulsory schooling reforms in the identification. Third, building on a recent study by Messacar (2015), education is also found to affect how individuals re-optimize their savings rates in response to an automatic change in pension wealth accumulation. The implications of this study’s findings for the “nudge paradigm” in behavioural economics are discussed.
Release date: 2017-03-27 - Articles and reports: 11-622-M2013029Geography: CanadaDescription:
Population aging and the recent global financial crisis underscore the importance of the discussions of the adequacy of retirement preparation in Canada and the soundness of the Canadian retirement income system. The focus of this study is to examine whether the accumulated private savings of Canadian households is adequate for their retirement, given their expected entitlement to public and private pension when they retire.
Release date: 2013-06-14 - Articles and reports: 81-004-X201100111432Description:
The value of education and the benefits that flow from it are substantial for many Canadian families. Previous research has found that Canadian parents are strongly committed to their children's postsecondary education. However, many parents of children under the age of 18 are confronted with a number of competing savings priorities. Based on data from the 2009 Canadian Financial Capability Survey (CFCS), this article examines who saves for postsecondary education and how they do so.
Release date: 2011-05-19 - 9. Spenders and savers ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200510313138Geography: CanadaDescription:
The national savings rate has been oscillating around historic lows for several years, prompting concerns about the resilience of a macro-level economy increasingly reliant on debt-financed consumer spending. Many are also troubled by the balance sheets of households, where ever-expanding debt has rapidly outpaced earnings growth. The resulting record-high, debt-to-income ratios leave households more vulnerable to interruptions in income. This article examines changes in saving and spending patterns over 20 years, and differences in the characteristics and spending patterns of saving versus spending households.
Release date: 2005-06-20 - 10. Saving for postsecondary education ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200410713123Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study looks at the decision of parents to save, and amounts saved, for the future education of children aged under 19 years in 2002. A model is used to estimate cumulative parental savings, taking into consideration characteristics of the family and the child, aspirations and involvement of parents, awareness of saving incentive programs, and expectations about grant programs.
Release date: 2004-09-21
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Analysis (17)
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- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200900001Description:
Registered Education Savings Plans (RESPs) are an important vehicle to help families save for postsecondary education. However, large differences in RESP savings persist between families of different income levels, despite targeted incentives aimed at encouraging low- and middle-income families to open RESP accounts and contribute to them. This article documents the differences in RESP contributions between families with different levels of income and liquid wealth.
Release date: 2022-09-28 - Articles and reports: 13-605-X202000100006Description:
This study of data from the Distributions of Household Economic Accounts compares households' economic well-being from a macro-economic accounts perspective, as measured by net saving and net worth for each generation when the major income earner for a household in one generation reached the same point in the life cycle as the major income earner for a household in another generation. The study finds that while younger generations have higher disposable income and higher consumption expenditure than older generations when they reached the same age, their net saving is relatively similar. As well, younger generations' economic well-being may be more at risk due to the COVID-19 pandemic since they depend more on employment as a primary source of income, they have higher debt relative to income, and they have less equity in financial and real estate assets from which to draw upon when needed.
Release date: 2020-12-10 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020012Description:
The Government of Canada offers various financial incentives for parents to save for their children’s postsecondary education by contributing to a Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP). However, RESP participation rates tend to rise substantially with family income, and previous research has demonstrated that family wealth was the single most important reason for this trend (among factors that could be examined). This study explores whether differences in parental literacy, numeracy and financial literacy can further account for some of the gap in RESP participation by level of family income.
Release date: 2020-07-06 - Articles and reports: 11-626-X2017071Description:
This Economic Insights article documents the characteristics of families with children under the age of 18 who hold registered education savings plan (RESP) investments. The article also examines the relationship between holding an RESP account at age 15 and postsecondary enrolment between the ages of 19 and 27. The data are drawn from the 1999 and 2012 Survey of Financial Security and from the Youth in Transition Survey, Cohort A, linked to the T1 Family File. Postsecondary enrolment is derived from education deductions and tuition credits in the tax data.
Release date: 2017-04-12 - 5. Which Families Invest in Registered Education Savings Plans and Does It Matter for Postsecondary Enrolment? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2017392Description:
The registered education savings plan (RESP) savings vehicle is designed to encourage parents of school-age children to save for their children’s postsecondary education through tax sheltered earnings on contributions, as well as through additional contributions from the federal government. No recent evidence exists on the characteristics of RESP holders, and little exists on the association between having an RESP and enrolling in postsecondary education.
This study makes three contributions to the literature. First, it documents differences in RESP holdings by family income and how these have evolved over time. Second, it decomposes these differences (particularly between the top and bottom quintiles of family income) into portions that are related to differences in key determinants of RESP participation (e.g., family wealth and parental education). And, third, it examines the relationship between having an RESP account and attending a postsecondary institution.
Release date: 2017-04-12 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2017391Description:
This paper assesses the extent to which education affects how Canadians save and accumulate wealth for retirement. The paper makes three contributions. First, a descriptive analysis is presented of differences in savings and home values across individuals based on their levels of educational attainment. To this end, new datasets that link survey respondents from the 1991 and 2006 censuses of Canada to their administrative tax records are used. These data provide a unique opportunity to jointly observe education, savings, home values, and a plethora of other factors of relevance. Second, the causal effect of high school completion on savings rates in tax-preferred accounts is estimated, exploiting compulsory schooling reforms in the identification. Third, building on a recent study by Messacar (2015), education is also found to affect how individuals re-optimize their savings rates in response to an automatic change in pension wealth accumulation. The implications of this study’s findings for the “nudge paradigm” in behavioural economics are discussed.
Release date: 2017-03-27 - Articles and reports: 11-622-M2013029Geography: CanadaDescription:
Population aging and the recent global financial crisis underscore the importance of the discussions of the adequacy of retirement preparation in Canada and the soundness of the Canadian retirement income system. The focus of this study is to examine whether the accumulated private savings of Canadian households is adequate for their retirement, given their expected entitlement to public and private pension when they retire.
Release date: 2013-06-14 - Articles and reports: 81-004-X201100111432Description:
The value of education and the benefits that flow from it are substantial for many Canadian families. Previous research has found that Canadian parents are strongly committed to their children's postsecondary education. However, many parents of children under the age of 18 are confronted with a number of competing savings priorities. Based on data from the 2009 Canadian Financial Capability Survey (CFCS), this article examines who saves for postsecondary education and how they do so.
Release date: 2011-05-19 - 9. Spenders and savers ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200510313138Geography: CanadaDescription:
The national savings rate has been oscillating around historic lows for several years, prompting concerns about the resilience of a macro-level economy increasingly reliant on debt-financed consumer spending. Many are also troubled by the balance sheets of households, where ever-expanding debt has rapidly outpaced earnings growth. The resulting record-high, debt-to-income ratios leave households more vulnerable to interruptions in income. This article examines changes in saving and spending patterns over 20 years, and differences in the characteristics and spending patterns of saving versus spending households.
Release date: 2005-06-20 - 10. Saving for postsecondary education ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200410713123Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study looks at the decision of parents to save, and amounts saved, for the future education of children aged under 19 years in 2002. A model is used to estimate cumulative parental savings, taking into consideration characteristics of the family and the child, aspirations and involvement of parents, awareness of saving incentive programs, and expectations about grant programs.
Release date: 2004-09-21
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