Population Projections for Canada (2018 to 2068), Provinces and Territories (2018 to 2043): Technical Report on Methodology and Assumptions
Chapter 3: Projection of Fertility
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by Nora Galbraith, Patrice Dion and Elham Sirag
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Introduction
Of all the components of population growth, fertility tends to have the largest impact on the size of the population (Kaneda and Bremner 2014). Three assumptions of fertility (low, medium and high) are created based on:
- The qualitative comments and quantitative estimates provided by the respondents of the 2018 Survey of Experts on Future Demographic Trends;
- An examination of historical and recent trends both within and outside of Canada;
- A review of recent academic and international literature on the topic of fertility.
Fertility Trends
In this section, trends in Canadian fertility are examined from various perspectives: period, age, cohort, and parity, followed by a discussion.
In recent years, Canada’s period total fertility rateNote (PTFR) has been declining slowly but continuously, from 1.68 children per woman in 2009 to 1.54 in 2017—nearly the lowest level observed in Canada’s history.Note Over the same period, the mean age of women at the birth of their child has continued its long term increase, reaching 30.9 years in 2017 (Figure 3.1).
Description for Figure 3.1
| Year | Total fertility rate | Mean age of childbearing |
|---|---|---|
| number of children per woman | in years | |
| 1926 | 3.36 | 30.1 |
| 1927 | 3.32 | 30.1 |
| 1928 | 3.30 | 30.0 |
| 1929 | 3.22 | 29.9 |
| 1930 | 3.28 | 29.9 |
| 1931 | 3.20 | 29.9 |
| 1932 | 3.09 | 30.0 |
| 1933 | 2.87 | 30.0 |
| 1934 | 2.80 | 30.1 |
| 1935 | 2.75 | 30.0 |
| 1936 | 2.70 | 30.0 |
| 1937 | 2.64 | 29.8 |
| 1938 | 2.70 | 29.7 |
| 1939 | 2.65 | 29.6 |
| 1940 | 2.76 | 29.4 |
| 1941 | 2.83 | 29.2 |
| 1942 | 2.96 | 29.1 |
| 1943 | 3.03 | 29.2 |
| 1944 | 3.00 | 29.3 |
| 1945 | 3.01 | 29.3 |
| 1946 | 3.36 | 29.0 |
| 1947 | 3.58 | 28.7 |
| 1948 | 3.43 | 28.7 |
| 1949 | 3.44 | 28.6 |
| 1950 | 3.44 | 28.6 |
| 1951 | 3.49 | 28.5 |
| 1952 | 3.63 | 28.4 |
| 1953 | 3.71 | 28.3 |
| 1954 | 3.82 | 28.3 |
| 1955 | 3.82 | 28.2 |
| 1956 | 3.86 | 28.1 |
| 1957 | 3.92 | 28.0 |
| 1958 | 3.88 | 27.9 |
| 1959 | 3.94 | 27.9 |
| 1960 | 3.91 | 27.8 |
| 1961 | 3.86 | 27.8 |
| 1962 | 3.78 | 27.7 |
| 1963 | 3.69 | 27.7 |
| 1964 | 3.52 | 27.8 |
| 1965 | 3.16 | 27.8 |
| 1966 | 2.83 | 27.6 |
| 1967 | 2.60 | 27.4 |
| 1968 | 2.46 | 27.3 |
| 1969 | 2.41 | 27.3 |
| 1970 | 2.34 | 27.1 |
| 1971 | 2.13 | 27.1 |
| 1972 | 1.97 | 27.0 |
| 1973 | 1.88 | 26.8 |
| 1974 | 1.83 | 26.8 |
| 1975 | 1.83 | 26.7 |
| 1976 | 1.78 | 26.7 |
| 1977 | 1.75 | 26.8 |
| 1978 | 1.70 | 26.8 |
| 1979 | 1.70 | 26.9 |
| 1980 | 1.68 | 27.0 |
| 1981 | 1.65 | 27.1 |
| 1982 | 1.63 | 27.1 |
| 1983 | 1.62 | 27.2 |
| 1984 | 1.62 | 27.3 |
| 1985 | 1.61 | 27.4 |
| 1986 | 1.59 | 27.5 |
| 1987 | 1.58 | 27.6 |
| 1988 | 1.60 | 27.7 |
| 1989 | 1.66 | 27.7 |
| 1990 | 1.71 | 27.8 |
| 1991 | 1.72 | 27.8 |
| 1992 | 1.71 | 27.9 |
| 1993 | 1.68 | 28.0 |
| 1994 | 1.69 | 28.1 |
| 1995 | 1.67 | 28.2 |
| 1996 | 1.63 | 28.3 |
| 1997 | 1.57 | 28.5 |
| 1998 | 1.56 | 28.5 |
| 1999 | 1.54 | 28.7 |
| 2000 | 1.51 | 28.8 |
| 2001 | 1.54 | 29.0 |
| 2002 | 1.51 | 29.2 |
| 2003 | 1.54 | 29.3 |
| 2004 | 1.55 | 29.5 |
| 2005 | 1.57 | 29.6 |
| 2006 | 1.61 | 29.7 |
| 2007 | 1.66 | 29.7 |
| 2008 | 1.69 | 29.8 |
| 2009 | 1.68 | 29.9 |
| 2010 | 1.64 | 30.1 |
| 2011 | 1.62 | 30.2 |
| 2012 | 1.62 | 30.3 |
| 2013 | 1.60 | 30.4 |
| 2014 | 1.61 | 30.5 |
| 2015 | 1.60 | 30.6 |
| 2016 | 1.59 | 30.7 |
| 2017 | 1.54 | 30.9 |
|
Notes: The mean age of childbearing's calculation is based on age-specific rates (and not actual number of births). The 2017 data are considered preliminary. The calculation for Canada in 2017 excludes Yukon. Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Vital Statistics, Births Database, 1926 to 2017, Survey 3231 and Demography Division, Demographic Estimates Program. |
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These long-term changes in the timing of births have resulted in shifts in the predominant ages of childbearing: Since 2005, women aged 30 to 34 have had higher fertility than those aged 25 to 29; since 2010, women aged 35 to 39 have had higher fertility than those aged 20 to 24 and since 2014, women aged 40 and older have had higher fertility rates than those aged 15 to 19 (Figure 3.2).
Description for Figure 3.2
| Year | 15 to 19 years | 20 to 24 years | 25 to 29 years | 30 to 34 years | 35 to 39 years | 40 to 44 years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| births per thousand | ||||||
| 1926 | 28.9 | 140.0 | 177.4 | 153.9 | 114.6 | 50.6 |
| 1927 | 29.5 | 140.0 | 173.6 | 151.2 | 113.8 | 49.3 |
| 1928 | 30.1 | 140.4 | 172.8 | 149.9 | 110.9 | 48.7 |
| 1929 | 30.2 | 140.0 | 172.4 | 144.2 | 104.8 | 46.1 |
| 1930 | 30.4 | 143.1 | 176.0 | 147.9 | 106.7 | 46.5 |
| 1931 | 29.8 | 137.3 | 175.2 | 145.2 | 103.0 | 43.9 |
| 1932 | 28.6 | 129.7 | 168.4 | 140.6 | 100.4 | 43.6 |
| 1933 | 27.3 | 117.9 | 155.6 | 132.8 | 94.8 | 39.2 |
| 1934 | 26.1 | 113.3 | 151.2 | 133.0 | 92.9 | 39.1 |
| 1935 | 26.4 | 112.7 | 148.5 | 128.6 | 92.5 | 37.2 |
| 1936 | 25.6 | 112.3 | 144.3 | 126.4 | 89.9 | 36.2 |
| 1937 | 25.6 | 113.8 | 142.2 | 123.4 | 85.2 | 34.6 |
| 1938 | 26.8 | 121.4 | 145.3 | 123.8 | 84.7 | 33.9 |
| 1939 | 27.1 | 119.8 | 144.0 | 120.4 | 82.9 | 32.5 |
| 1940 | 29.2 | 130.4 | 152.6 | 122.8 | 81.7 | 32.6 |
| 1941 | 30.6 | 138.5 | 159.8 | 122.3 | 79.9 | 31.5 |
| 1942 | 31.8 | 145.2 | 168.7 | 128.0 | 82.9 | 32.3 |
| 1943 | 31.7 | 150.1 | 176.3 | 135.7 | 88.1 | 32.2 |
| 1944 | 31.2 | 143.3 | 168.7 | 134.1 | 88.1 | 33.0 |
| 1945 | 31.5 | 143.3 | 166.9 | 134.3 | 90.2 | 33.5 |
| 1946 | 36.3 | 169.6 | 191.4 | 146.0 | 93.1 | 34.4 |
| 1947 | 42.4 | 189.1 | 206.4 | 150.5 | 93.0 | 34.1 |
| 1948 | 43.0 | 181.1 | 197.6 | 141.4 | 88.9 | 32.6 |
| 1949 | 45.0 | 181.6 | 201.3 | 139.7 | 88.8 | 31.5 |
| 1950 | 45.7 | 181.2 | 200.6 | 141.2 | 87.7 | 30.7 |
| 1951 | 47.7 | 188.5 | 198.7 | 144.4 | 86.4 | 30.8 |
| 1952 | 49.9 | 200.2 | 204.4 | 150.2 | 87.0 | 30.5 |
| 1953 | 51.5 | 207.4 | 207.7 | 152.6 | 87.7 | 31.0 |
| 1954 | 53.8 | 216.7 | 212.6 | 155.9 | 88.2 | 32.2 |
| 1955 | 53.7 | 217.5 | 214.5 | 153.3 | 89.3 | 32.0 |
| 1956 | 55.3 | 221.5 | 219.4 | 149.7 | 89.3 | 30.6 |
| 1957 | 59.4 | 225.9 | 223.1 | 148.6 | 90.2 | 30.4 |
| 1958 | 58.6 | 225.7 | 222.5 | 147.3 | 87.2 | 28.7 |
| 1959 | 59.7 | 233.0 | 225.9 | 147.1 | 86.9 | 28.4 |
| 1960 | 59.5 | 233.6 | 224.4 | 146.2 | 84.2 | 28.4 |
| 1961 | 57.9 | 233.6 | 219.2 | 144.9 | 81.1 | 28.5 |
| 1962 | 54.8 | 231.6 | 214.7 | 143.1 | 77.1 | 27.5 |
| 1963 | 52.8 | 226.1 | 210.6 | 140.3 | 75.8 | 25.9 |
| 1964 | 50.0 | 212.8 | 203.1 | 134.9 | 72.0 | 25.1 |
| 1965 | 49.1 | 188.6 | 181.8 | 119.4 | 65.9 | 22.0 |
| 1966 | 48.0 | 169.1 | 163.5 | 103.3 | 57.5 | 19.1 |
| 1967 | 45.0 | 161.4 | 152.6 | 91.8 | 50.9 | 15.9 |
| 1968 | 43.1 | 152.8 | 149.0 | 86.4 | 44.9 | 13.8 |
| 1969 | 42.3 | 147.9 | 150.1 | 85.1 | 42.7 | 12.5 |
| 1970 | 42.9 | 143.5 | 147.4 | 82.0 | 39.0 | 11.3 |
| 1971 | 38.9 | 129.4 | 138.5 | 75.9 | 33.3 | 9.3 |
| 1972 | 37.4 | 118.7 | 130.2 | 70.3 | 28.7 | 7.6 |
| 1973 | 36.4 | 113.3 | 128.5 | 65.9 | 25.3 | 6.3 |
| 1974 | 34.9 | 109.6 | 128.9 | 65.5 | 22.8 | 5.4 |
| 1975 | 35.1 | 109.8 | 130.3 | 65.0 | 21.6 | 4.8 |
| 1976 | 33.2 | 105.8 | 127.6 | 64.5 | 21.0 | 4.4 |
| 1977 | 31.6 | 103.7 | 126.2 | 65.7 | 20.3 | 3.6 |
| 1978 | 29.4 | 99.6 | 124.0 | 65.8 | 18.9 | 3.5 |
| 1979 | 27.5 | 98.1 | 126.0 | 67.2 | 19.1 | 3.3 |
| 1980 | 27.1 | 96.1 | 124.8 | 66.9 | 19.1 | 3.1 |
| 1981 | 26.1 | 92.3 | 123.9 | 67.0 | 19.2 | 3.2 |
| 1982 | 26.3 | 91.3 | 121.1 | 67.6 | 19.9 | 3.1 |
| 1983 | 24.7 | 88.8 | 120.6 | 69.3 | 20.3 | 3.0 |
| 1984 | 24.2 | 85.5 | 121.8 | 71.8 | 21.3 | 3.0 |
| 1985 | 23.5 | 82.1 | 121.4 | 72.7 | 21.6 | 3.0 |
| 1986 | 23.1 | 79.5 | 119.7 | 72.9 | 22.3 | 3.2 |
| 1987 | 22.9 | 76.8 | 117.5 | 73.6 | 23.3 | 3.3 |
| 1988 | 23.2 | 77.4 | 118.5 | 75.7 | 24.8 | 3.6 |
| 1989 | 24.7 | 79.4 | 120.2 | 79.7 | 26.0 | 3.7 |
| 1990 | 25.6 | 80.3 | 123.2 | 83.6 | 27.7 | 3.9 |
| 1991 | 26.2 | 79.2 | 122.1 | 84.4 | 28.4 | 3.9 |
| 1992 | 25.9 | 76.5 | 121.2 | 86.1 | 29.0 | 4.2 |
| 1993 | 25.2 | 74.9 | 117.4 | 86.0 | 29.7 | 4.4 |
| 1994 | 25.2 | 73.8 | 116.8 | 87.0 | 30.5 | 4.7 |
| 1995 | 24.6 | 72.2 | 113.2 | 88.1 | 31.5 | 4.9 |
| 1996 | 22.4 | 68.7 | 109.6 | 87.2 | 32.6 | 5.1 |
| 1997 | 20.2 | 64.6 | 104.7 | 84.9 | 32.6 | 5.2 |
| 1998 | 20.0 | 64.1 | 102.8 | 85.2 | 32.9 | 5.3 |
| 1999 | 18.8 | 61.8 | 101.6 | 86.7 | 33.8 | 5.6 |
| 2000 | 17.2 | 59.0 | 98.8 | 86.3 | 34.1 | 5.9 |
| 2001 | 16.1 | 56.5 | 100.4 | 91.5 | 35.7 | 6.1 |
| 2002 | 15.0 | 54.2 | 98.0 | 91.3 | 36.4 | 6.2 |
| 2003 | 14.5 | 53.0 | 99.6 | 94.6 | 38.8 | 6.5 |
| 2004 | 13.6 | 51.3 | 98.7 | 97.3 | 40.4 | 6.9 |
| 2005 | 13.3 | 50.7 | 99.1 | 99.3 | 42.7 | 7.1 |
| 2006 | 13.5 | 51.4 | 100.5 | 103.3 | 45.8 | 7.4 |
| 2007 | 14.0 | 52.5 | 101.6 | 106.0 | 48.5 | 7.9 |
| 2008 | 14.3 | 53.0 | 102.0 | 107.4 | 50.2 | 8.4 |
| 2009 | 14.2 | 51.2 | 100.6 | 107.1 | 50.7 | 9.2 |
| 2010 | 13.5 | 48.0 | 96.4 | 105.8 | 51.7 | 9.9 |
| 2011 | 12.6 | 45.7 | 95.2 | 105.9 | 52.3 | 10.3 |
| 2012 | 11.9 | 44.1 | 95.7 | 107.3 | 53.4 | 10.7 |
| 2013 | 11.0 | 41.9 | 93.0 | 107.2 | 53.6 | 10.7 |
| 2014 | 10.2 | 41.0 | 92.1 | 107.6 | 54.6 | 10.9 |
| 2015 | 9.4 | 39.3 | 89.5 | 107.4 | 55.6 | 11.5 |
| 2016 | 8.4 | 37.6 | 87.6 | 107.6 | 56.0 | 11.5 |
| 2017 | 7.8 | 35.5 | 83.2 | 105.0 | 56.1 | 11.7 |
|
Notes: Births to mothers for whom the age is unknown were prorated. The 2017 data are considered preliminary. The calculation for Canada in 2017 excludes Yukon. Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Vital Statistics, Births Database, 1926 to 2017, Survey 3231 and Demography Division, Demographic Estimates Program. |
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Figure 3.3 shows how the combined patterns of fertility postponement at younger ages and recuperation at older ages have modified the fertility schedule over the last 40 years in Canada. In 1977, the majority (60.2%) of all first births were to mothers aged 24 or under. By 2017, women in this age group were responsible for only one-fifth (19.7%) of all first births.
Description for Figure 3.3
| Age | 1977 | 1997 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|
| percent | |||
| 15 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
| 16 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.3 |
| 17 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 0.7 |
| 18 | 5.4 | 3.1 | 1.1 |
| 19 | 6.5 | 3.8 | 1.8 |
| 20 | 7.2 | 4.4 | 2.3 |
| 21 | 8.0 | 4.6 | 2.6 |
| 22 | 8.6 | 4.9 | 3.1 |
| 23 | 8.8 | 5.0 | 3.4 |
| 24 | 8.6 | 5.4 | 4.1 |
| 25 | 8.1 | 6.2 | 5.1 |
| 26 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 6.0 |
| 27 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 6.9 |
| 28 | 4.9 | 7.0 | 7.6 |
| 29 | 3.9 | 6.6 | 7.8 |
| 30 | 3.0 | 6.0 | 7.8 |
| 31 | 1.9 | 5.4 | 7.5 |
| 32 | 1.3 | 4.5 | 6.6 |
| 33 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 5.7 |
| 34 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 4.7 |
| 35 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 4.0 |
| 36 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 3.0 |
| 37 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 2.4 |
| 38 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 1.7 |
| 39 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
| 40 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
| 41 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
| 42 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| 43 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| 44 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| 45 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| 46 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| 47 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 48 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 49 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
|
Notes: The 2017 data are considered preliminary. The calculation for Canada in 2017 excludes Yukon. Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Vital Statistics, Births Database, 1977 to 2017, Survey 3231 and Demography Division, Demographic Estimates Program. |
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Taking next a cohort perspective which reflects the completed fertility of various generations, the increasing delayment of childbearing is shown in Figure 3.4. It can be seen that the process of delayment in the 20s followed by recuperation in the 30s has evolved differently for various cohorts of Canadian women. The cohort total fertility rate (CTFR) of women born in 1970 ultimately surpassed the earlier 1965 cohort’s CTFR, despite the fact that they experienced considerably lower fertility up to age 34. The same is true for the 1975 cohort of women who, with a CTFR of 1.80 children per woman by age 42, have already surpassed the fertility of the 1965 and 1970 cohorts.
Description for Figure 3.4
| Age | Cohorts | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 1965 | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | |
| number of children per woman | ||||||||
| 15 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 16 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 17 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 18 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| 19 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.06 |
| 20 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
| 21 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.11 |
| 22 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.15 |
| 23 | 0.49 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.23 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 24 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.29 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 25 | 0.73 | 0.61 | 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.45 | 0.40 | 0.36 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 26 | 0.85 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.64 | 0.55 | 0.49 | 0.44 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 27 | 0.97 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.74 | 0.65 | 0.59 | 0.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 28 | 1.09 | 0.98 | 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 29 | 1.21 | 1.10 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.88 | 0.81 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 30 | 1.32 | 1.21 | 1.13 | 1.07 | 1.00 | 0.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 31 | 1.42 | 1.31 | 1.23 | 1.19 | 1.12 | 1.05 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 32 | 1.51 | 1.40 | 1.32 | 1.30 | 1.23 | 1.16 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 33 | 1.58 | 1.47 | 1.41 | 1.40 | 1.33 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 34 | 1.64 | 1.54 | 1.48 | 1.48 | 1.42 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 35 | 1.69 | 1.59 | 1.55 | 1.56 | 1.50 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 36 | 1.73 | 1.64 | 1.61 | 1.63 | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 37 | 1.76 | 1.67 | 1.66 | 1.68 | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 38 | 1.79 | 1.70 | 1.69 | 1.72 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 39 | 1.80 | 1.72 | 1.72 | 1.75 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 40 | 1.82 | 1.74 | 1.74 | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 41 | 1.82 | 1.75 | 1.76 | 1.79 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 42 | 1.83 | 1.75 | 1.77 | 1.80 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 43 | 1.83 | 1.76 | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 44 | 1.83 | 1.76 | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 45 | 1.84 | 1.76 | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 46 | 1.84 | 1.76 | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 47 | 1.84 | 1.76 | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 48 | 1.84 | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 49 | 1.84 | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
|
.. not available for a specific reference period Notes: The 2017 data are considered preliminary. The calculation for Canada in 2017 excludes Yukon. Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Vital Statistics, Births Database, 1926 to 2017, Survey 3231 and Demography Division, Demographic Estimates Program. |
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In contrast with the 1975 cohort who made steep gains in their fertility in their late 30s, the 1980 cohort appears on track to end their childbearing years with a CTFR below 1.80 children per woman. They experienced considerably lower fertility in their 20s than the 1975 cohort, making it much more difficult to “catch up” to the same degree in their 30s. Similarly, the 1990 and 1995 cohorts are showing even lower fertility in their 20s to date compared to previous cohorts, making it seemingly unlikely that they will be able to recover at such intensity at later ages as to reach a CTFR of 1.80 children per woman.
As noted by Sobotka (2017) and Billari et al. (2007), this shift in the onset of childbearing to older ages, seen across all post-demographic transition societies, represents an unprecedented change in human history. Sobotka (2017) identifies four key interrelated forces that have contributed to the current patterns of delayed, unstable and low fertility observed in many developed countries, each discussed below.
The rapid growth of postsecondary education
Educational expansion might be considered the primary force in the postponement of childbearing. Specifically, increases in the average age at leaving education have been found to explain the majority of the shift to later first-birth timing in the United Kingdom and France (Ní Bhrolcháin and Beaujouan 2012). Generally, women wait until they have completed their education until they commence childbearing, and as the share of women pursuing tertiary increases, so has the average age at which women have their first child (Bui and Cain Miller 2018; Livingston 2015). It is thought that rising education attainment increases the opportunity costs associated with childbearing for women, particularly for those in their 20s (Ní Bhrolcháin and Beaujouan 2012).
The deteriorating economic position of young adults and growth of precarious work
Deterioration in the economic and labour position of young adults in most economically advanced countries such as Canada has resulted in conditions which make it challenging to form families at these ages (Sobotka 2017). Quoting Matysiak et al. (2018, page 31): “In many countries, an increasing number of people – the emerging class of “precariat” – are facing uncertain lives, moving in and out of low-paid “stopgap” jobs that may give little meaning to their lives…Economic uncertainty has become an intrinsic feature of the contemporary globalizing world, and the relationship between economic conditions and family dynamics is to remain a major topic of public interest in the years to come”.
The dual trends of increasing education and deteriorating economic positions of young adults have contributed in part to the fact that more and more of them are residing in the parental home, where it is less likely that they will partner and have a child of their own (Hallman et al. 2017). Billari (2018) documents the paradoxical pattern that it is in countries characterized by stronger family ties where fertility rates are lowest, whereas in societies with younger ages at leaving the parental home, fertility rates are relatively higher. He expects that the relative position of youth in lowest-low fertility societies could deteriorate further in the future as their relative demographic weight decreases and the political will to improve their lot wanes.
The rise of women’s paid employment and resulting changes in gender roles
The relationship between women’s labour force participation and fertility has changed over time and varies between countries and age groups. A detailed exploration of this relationship, described as “complex and inconsistent” by Brehm and Englehardt (2015, page 709), is outside the bounds of this chapter. In general however, women in their late 20s have experienced the largest decreases in fertility, likely because this is this group for whom there is the greatest level of incompatibility between labour market activity and fertility (Brehm and Englehardt 2015).
Shifts in the values attached to partnership and marriage
Along with increases in union instability, postponement of union formation and living alone, there is evidence that the proportion of women who remain childless is rising in Canada (Brauner-Otto 2016; Provencher et al. 2018). Current patterns around family formation can have a strong influence on future fertility, creating a feedback loop of corresponding changes in cultural values and norms related to having and raising children (Huinink et al. 2014; Zeman et al. 2018). The ‘low fertility trap’ theory posits that once fertility falls below a certain critical threshold it is unlikely to reverse course, due to a gap in aspired versus actual material situation of young people which negatively impacts their ideal family size (Lutz et al. 2006). Similar to the idea of the low fertility trap, there are theories about the role of social networks, or social contagion, on fertility patterns: the childbearing behaviour of significant others such as family members or other peers like work colleagues has the ability to affect the childbearing intentions and behaviour of individuals (Bernardi and Klarner 2014). Taken together, these theories would suggest that fertility postponement and permanent childlessness may continue to increase in the future, resulting in a decrease to some extent in the total fertility rate in Canada.
On the other hand, some scholars have suggested that a societal shift towards greater gender egalitarianism, via increased involvement of men in childcare and homemaking, could generate a reversal in trends towards higher fertility and stabilization in the quantum of childbearing (McDonald 2013; Frejka 2017). Indeed, there is some evidence that fathers’ use of parental leave has a positive impact on subsequent childbearing, at least in settings with high levels of gender egalitarianism such as Norway and Sweden (Duvander and Andersson 2006; Duvander et al. 2010). Yet a recent analysis of historical data from 35 countries concludes that there is no clear pattern between female political empowerment (an indicator of gender equality) and fertility, likely due in part to within-country heterogeneity (Kolk 2019). This recent finding calls into question previous assertions about a U-shaped pattern in the relationship between gender equality and fertility, particularly in Nordic countries; Kolk finds that these countries have had sustained high fertility which predates (and therefore did not raise in response to) increasing gender egalitarianism. In the Canadian context, it remains to be seen whether there will be any sustained positive impact on fertility quantum resulting from new dedicated leave provisions for the second parent in a childbearing couple.Note
Implications of continued fertility postponement
The steady march towards an older age profile of fertility begs the question: how much older could the average age of childbearing become, and what impact might this have on the overall level of fertility in the population? Sobotka (2017) hypothesizes that the shift to later childbearing could continue for two to three more decades, given the fact that the trends of economic instability, conjugal instability and higher postsecondary education among young adults are expected to continue. It is certainly possible that the fertility rates among women of advanced reproductive age (ages 40 and older) could increase more: Billari et al. (2007) find that the fertility rates at these ages observed recently in various countries are considerably lower than those observed prior to the demographic transition or the baby boom where applicable.
For individual women and couples, postponement is likely to result in a growing proportion who face age-related infertility and miscarriage due to the biological limits of fecundity, with negative implications resulting for their wellbeing; as noted by Billari et al. (2007), the inability to have at least one child is substantially different than underachieving one’s desired fertility at higher parities. However, the potential positive impact of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) on the age profile and level of fertility in Canada could improve the prospects of women of advanced reproductive age who desire a(nother) child.
With the increasing demand and use of ART, it is possible that women who choose to delay childbearing may be more likely to achieve their desired total family size. To date, however, it has been found that any impact of ART is very small (Te Velde et al. 2012) and could only have a substantive impact on the total fertility rate if used more by women at younger, not advanced, reproductive ages (Kocourkova et al. 2014; Habbema et al. 2019). Impacts of ART on fertility levels have occurred to a noticeable degree only in countries such as Denmark and Belgium which offer accessible, free treatments and which have also not demonstrated fertility postponement to the same degree as many other countries. Indeed, Billari et al. (2007) suggest that the increased availability of ART may be a double-edged sword, possibly generating false confidence in individuals about the probability of successful pregnancy at advanced reproductive ages despite the high failure rates of IVF at these ages to date.
With the increasing use of effective contraceptives, some scholars have predicted a ‘rectangularization’ of the age profile of childbearing; however, to date there has been little evidence of such mass concentration in the ages of childbearing (Kocourkova et al. 2014). Nor has there been any evidence of a ‘rescaling’ of the fertile period of women’s lives, that is, an increase in the age of menopause as a response to increased life expectancy (Billari et al. 2007).
The impact of the economic climate on fertility
Fertility has generally been found to follow and react to economic cycles to a small degree, mainly through changes in the timing of childbearing rather than overall quantum (Sobotka et al. 2010). Specifically, increases in unemployment and precarious work are most likely to impact young adults, thus explaining in part the downward pressure recessions have on fertility. Additionally, highly educated women may perceive a higher opportunity cost to childbearing during recession periods, leading to their postponement of childbearing, particularly first births. For example, across industrialized countries, the pace of fertility postponement slowed in the early 2000s during a period of relatively good economic times but accelerated following the recent Great Recession (Lanzieri 2013, Matysiak et al. 2018).
This pattern can be observed in Canada by comparing the changes in fertility rates of age groups and period total fertility rates since 2000 (Figure 3.5). Two distinct patterns of age-group-specific fertility trends can be observed over the period, one prior to the year 2008 and another post-2008. From 2000 to 2008, the fertility of women aged 30 and over increased sharply, while that of women in their late 20s was fairly stable and even slightly increased between 2005 and 2008. As a result, the total fertility rate increased over this period. After 2008, the fertility rates of women in their 30s stabilized or increased at a much slower pace. At the same time, the fertility rates of younger women (aged less than 30 years) declined sharply year-over-year from 2008 to 2017. These patterns combined to result in steady decreases in the total fertility rate from 2008 to 2017.
Description for Figure 3.5
| Year | Less than 20 years | 20 to 24 years | 25 to 29 years | 30 to 34 years | 35 to 39 years | 40 years or over | Total fertility rate | Less than 30 years | 30 years or over |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| change in number of children per woman | |||||||||
| 2001 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | -0.01 | 0.04 |
| 2002 | -0.01 | -0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.04 | 0.04 |
| 2003 | -0.01 | -0.03 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.03 | -0.04 | 0.07 |
| 2004 | -0.02 | -0.04 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.04 | -0.06 | 0.10 |
| 2005 | -0.02 | -0.04 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.06 | -0.06 | 0.12 |
| 2006 | -0.02 | -0.04 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.11 | -0.05 | 0.15 |
| 2007 | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.15 | -0.03 | 0.18 |
| 2008 | -0.01 | -0.03 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.18 | -0.03 | 0.20 |
| 2009 | -0.02 | -0.04 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.17 | -0.04 | 0.21 |
| 2010 | -0.02 | -0.05 | -0.01 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.13 | -0.08 | 0.21 |
| 2011 | -0.03 | -0.06 | -0.01 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.11 | -0.10 | 0.21 |
| 2012 | -0.03 | -0.07 | -0.01 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.11 | -0.11 | 0.23 |
| 2013 | -0.03 | -0.08 | -0.02 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.09 | -0.14 | 0.23 |
| 2014 | -0.04 | -0.08 | -0.02 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.10 | -0.14 | 0.24 |
| 2015 | -0.04 | -0.09 | -0.03 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.09 | -0.16 | 0.25 |
| 2016 | -0.04 | -0.10 | -0.04 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.08 | -0.18 | 0.26 |
| 2017 | -0.05 | -0.11 | -0.06 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.03 | -0.22 | 0.25 |
|
Notes: The 2017 data are considered preliminary. The calculation for Canada for 2017 excludes Yukon. Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Vital Statistics, Births Database, 2000 to 2017, Survey 3231 and Demography Division, Demographic Estimates Program. |
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Similar shifts in period fertility trends resulting from accelerated postponement behaviour have been observed in the United States, France, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands around the same time (Figure 3.6). Matsyiak et al. (2018) note that typically, such fertility reactions are for a limited time period only and are thus unlikely to impact completed fertility of cohorts unless high unemployment becomes a long-term situation. However, fertility shifts following the 2008 economic downturn appear to be fairly sustained in Canada and other countries, continuing nine years after its arrival with little sign of turnaround. Shifts in fertility have also been widespread in the sense that they have occurred among all childbearing age groups of women. As a result, it is expected that the 2008 recession will have at minimum a small negative impact on the completed fertility of women currently in the mist of the reproductive period, particularly those at more advanced ages for whom recuperation is less possible.
Description for Figure 3.6
| Year | Canada | France | Italy | Netherlands | Spain | United Kingdom | United States |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number of children per woman | |||||||
| 2000 | 1.51 | 1.88 | 1.26 | 1.72 | 1.21 | 1.64 | 2.05 |
| 2001 | 1.54 | 1.88 | 1.25 | 1.71 | 1.23 | 1.63 | 2.03 |
| 2002 | 1.51 | 1.87 | 1.27 | 1.73 | 1.25 | 1.63 | 2.02 |
| 2003 | 1.54 | 1.87 | 1.29 | 1.75 | 1.30 | 1.70 | 2.05 |
| 2004 | 1.55 | 1.90 | 1.34 | 1.73 | 1.31 | 1.75 | 2.06 |
| 2005 | 1.57 | 1.92 | 1.33 | 1.71 | 1.33 | 1.76 | 2.06 |
| 2006 | 1.61 | 1.98 | 1.37 | 1.72 | 1.36 | 1.82 | 2.11 |
| 2007 | 1.66 | 1.96 | 1.39 | 1.72 | 1.38 | 1.87 | 2.12 |
| 2008 | 1.69 | 1.99 | 1.44 | 1.77 | 1.45 | 1.91 | 2.07 |
| 2009 | 1.68 | 1.99 | 1.44 | 1.79 | 1.38 | 1.89 | 2.00 |
| 2010 | 1.64 | 2.02 | 1.44 | 1.80 | 1.37 | 1.92 | 1.93 |
| 2011 | 1.62 | 2.00 | 1.42 | 1.76 | 1.34 | 1.91 | 1.89 |
| 2012 | 1.62 | 1.99 | 1.41 | 1.72 | 1.32 | 1.92 | 1.87 |
| 2013 | 1.60 | 1.97 | 1.38 | 1.68 | 1.27 | 1.83 | 1.85 |
| 2014 | 1.61 | 1.98 | 1.37 | 1.71 | 1.32 | 1.82 | 1.86 |
| 2015 | 1.60 | 1.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | 1.33 | 1.81 | 1.84 |
| 2016 | 1.59 | 1.89 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | 1.34 | 1.81 | 1.82 |
| 2017 | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | |
|
.. not available for a specific reference period Notes: The 2017 data are considered preliminary. The calculation for Canada in 2017 excludes Yukon. Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Vital Statistics, Births Database, 2000 to 2017, Survey 3231 and Demography Division, Demographic Estimates Program. Human Fertility Database. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (Germany) and Vienna Institute of Demography (Austria). Available at www.humanfertility.org. |
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Subnational fertility trends in Canada
Differences in fertility across Canada’s provinces and territories can impact the future evolution of the national portrait. For example, if one province has particularly high fertility rates, this could result in the demographic weight of the country shifting more heavily to that particular province in the coming years. This phenomenon has already been observed for Alberta in particular in recent years (Bohnert, Chagnon and Dion 2015).
The relative fertility levels of the various provinces and territories have been quite stable in recent years, and overall variation between the regions has decreased over time.Note That said, Canada’s provinces and territories do continue to demonstrate considerable differences in their fertility level, possibly reflecting the varied sociocultural and institutional settings associated with Canada’s federalist political system (Beaujot and Wang 2010; Brauner-Otto 2016). As seen in Figure 3.7, fertility is higher than the national average in the Prairie provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta)—often attributed to their stronger economies and more rural populations—and to a lesser extent, Quebec, where strong social welfare institutions may have contributed to a recent resurgence in period fertility rates (Brauner-Otto 2016; Moyser and Milan 2018).
Description for Figure 3.7
| Region | Number of children per woman |
|---|---|
| Canada | 1.54 |
| N.L. | 1.36 |
| P.E.I. | 1.53 |
| N.S. | 1.43 |
| N.B. | 1.54 |
| Que. | 1.60 |
| Ont. | 1.48 |
| Man. | 1.87 |
| Sask. | 1.96 |
| Alta. | 1.66 |
| B.C. | 1.34 |
| Y.T.Data table Note 2 | 1.55 |
| N.W.T. | 1.79 |
| Nvt. | 2.96 |
|
|
In turn, the provinces with some of the lowest period fertility rates—Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia—tend to register relatively high unemployment rates (Brauner-Otto 2016). Economic conditions may also contribute in part to the consistently lower fertility observed in British Columbia and Ontario: the high cost of housing in particular in the metropolitan areas of these two provinces has been linked elsewhere to lower and postponed fertility (Rindfuss et al. 2016).
As a result of these varied fertility levels across Canada’s regions, the national period total fertility rate has tended to fall around 1.5 to 1.6 children per woman in recent years, making it an anomaly among economically advanced countries whom have otherwise demonstrated increasingly polarized fertility regimes. As noted by Rindfuss et al. (2016) and Brauner-Otto (2016), Canada currently stands alone between the higher-fertility regimes of Northwestern Europe, United States and Oceania (around 1.9 children per woman) and the lower fertility regimes of Central, Southern and Eastern Europe, and East and Southeast Asia (around 1.3 children per woman).
The shift to older ages of childbearing has occurred across all of the provinces and territories. In 2011, it was only in the provinces of Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia that the majority of births occurred to women aged 30 and older. By 2017, this was also the case for Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Quebec and Yukon (Table 3.1).
| Region | Age group of mother | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19 years and under | 20 to 24 years | 25 to 29 years | 30 to 34 years | 35 to 39 years | 40 to 44 years | 45 years and over | Total | Aged 30 years and over | |
| percent | |||||||||
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 3.4 | 15.8 | 29.4 | 33.3 | 15.2 | 2.7 | 0.1 | 100.0 | 51.3 |
| Prince Edward Island | 2.9 | 14.1 | 31.9 | 34.2 | 14.1 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 51.0 |
| Nova Scotia | 3.4 | 16.1 | 28.8 | 32.3 | 16.6 | 2.6 | 0.2 | 100.0 | 51.7 |
| New Brunswick | 3.8 | 20.0 | 31.8 | 29.4 | 12.7 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 100.0 | 44.3 |
| Quebec | 1.5 | 11.6 | 31.6 | 33.8 | 17.7 | 3.5 | 0.2 | 100.0 | 55.2 |
| Ontario | 1.7 | 9.7 | 26.3 | 37.5 | 20.3 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 100.0 | 62.3 |
| Manitoba | 4.7 | 16.3 | 29.6 | 31.6 | 14.9 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 100.0 | 49.4 |
| Saskatchewan | 4.7 | 15.9 | 32.4 | 31.5 | 13.3 | 2.2 | 0.1 | 100.0 | 47.1 |
| Alberta | 2.2 | 11.6 | 28.6 | 36.5 | 17.6 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 100.0 | 57.6 |
| British Columbia | 1.4 | 8.9 | 24.7 | 38.0 | 22.2 | 4.5 | 0.3 | 100.0 | 65.0 |
| YukonTable 3.1 Note 2 | 1.6 | 14.1 | 21.4 | 34.3 | 24.8 | 3.4 | 0.5 | 100.0 | 63.0 |
| Northwest Territories | 7.3 | 14.7 | 29.2 | 29.3 | 16.8 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 100.0 | 48.9 |
| Nunavut | 17.7 | 30.4 | 25.8 | 15.8 | 9.4 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 26.1 |
| CanadaTable 3.1 Note 3 | 2.1 | 11.3 | 28.3 | 35.7 | 18.7 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 100.0 | 58.4 |
|
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Results of the 2018 Survey of Experts on Future Demographic TrendsNote
In total, 17 experts provided their views on the future evolution of fertility in Canada. Experts were first asked to describe the arguments, trends or possibilities they considered when formulating their views about the probable distribution of the period total fertility rate in Canada in 2043.
By and large, experts expressed the view that in 2043, Canada’s period total fertility rate is likely to remain at a level similar to those observed in recent years. This view was rooted in the observation that while there have been annual fluctuations, Canada’s period total fertility rate has remained fairly stable for the last 25 years, around 1.6 to 1.7 children per woman. Experts commonly mentioned that the trends of higher educational attainment, stronger labour force attachment among women, increasing individualism, union instability as well as poorer economic integration of young adults, all contribute to the postponement in the age of childbearing observed in recent decades. In the view of many of the experts, these trends are likely to continue in the coming decades, and with continued decreasing fertility levels among women in their 20s, the extent of ‘recuperation’ of fertility at older ages will become limited (suggesting large increases in fertility are unlikely to occur).
Many experts remarked that within Canada, there has been a gradual improvement in the scope and generosity of policies aiming to support parents in combining paid work. That said, experts differed in their assessment of the outcome of such policies on the total fertility rate. Some thought there could be a small positive impact on fertility levels, while others felt the impact of social policies was likely to be marginal in the absence of a major initiative such as a national universal subsidized daycare system. As was noted by one expert, such a development in social policy is impossible to predict.
While several experts thought any impacts of new immigrants on the total fertility rate are likely to be minimal, others thought that given the recently-announced sizeable increases in admissions targets, there could be a short-term positive impact on fertility levels which would those new immigrant women’s behaviour gradually merges with those of other Canadian women— at minimum, this could prevent the PTFR from decreasing further. Some experts mentioned that while the Indigenous population is growing, this population is unlikely to have a substantial impact on the total fertility rate due to their relatively small size and the fact that their fertility is slowly converging with the national rate.
The respondents to the survey also noted factors which could lead to a decrease in Canada’s fertility rate by 2043: climate change and associated environmental deterioration could lead to increased levels of childlessness by choice, if individuals feel increased uncertainty about the future. The observed trend of rising childlessness rates was also mentioned, and its role in fostering a ‘culture of low fertility’ which could maintain a continued inhibiting effect.
Following their qualitative arguments, experts were asked to communicate their views about the likely evolution of the period total fertility rate in Canada in 2043 quantitatively; that is, by building a probability distribution that exemplified their opinion, and level of uncertainty, regarding what values the PTFR could take in 25 years. More specifically, each expert was asked to estimate the following parameters:
- Lower and upper bounds of a range covering nearly all plausible values of the PTFR in Canada in 2043;
- Their level of confidence (expressed in percent, with a minimum of 90% imposed) that the true value of the PTFR in 2043 will fall within the range specified in Step (a);
- The median value of the plausible range provided in Step (a), such that they expect an equal (50-50) chance that the true value of the PTFR lies above or below the median;
- Probabilities that the PTFR in 2043 will fall below and above the mid-points between:
- the lower bound of the plausible range provided in Step (a) and the median provided in Step (c); and
- the median provided in Step (c) and the upper bound of the plausible range provided in Step (a).Note
Using these parameters, a visual representation of the resulting probability distribution was displayed to the experts using Keelin’s (2016; 2018) metalog algorithm, and the expert was then encouraged to modify their inputs until they arrived at a satisfactory representation of their beliefs. The individual probability distributions of the 17 experts regarding their views about the probable PTFR in Canada in 2043 are displayed in Figure 3.8 (grey lines).
Description for Figure 3.8
This line graph shows the individual probability distributions (grey lines) and aggregate mixture distribution (red line) of the period total fertility rate in Canada in 2043 according to the respondents of the 2018 Survey of Experts on Future Demographic Trends. The horizontal axis plots the number of children per woman. The vertical axis plots the probability density.
The experts generally constructed probability distributions which tended to fall within the bounds of the levels observed over the last several decades in Canada, though previously-unseen lower rates (below 1.50) were almost always considered to be within the realm of possibility.
The individual probability distributions of the 17 experts were aggregated via a mixture distribution,Note the result of which is shown in the red line of Figure 3.8. This aggregation resulted in an asymmetrical, nearly bimodal probability distribution, with a median of 1.59 children per woman, and the 10th and 90th percentiles of the distribution represented by 1.40 and 1.79 children per woman, respectively.
Fertility assumptions and methodology
Description of method
Provincial and territorial assumptions on the PTFR were derived using the methods described in Chapter 1: General Approach to Assumption Building. Briefly, short-term trajectories of PTFR in each province and territory were obtained by extrapolating trends in the changes in age-specific fertility rates observed in the period between 2007 and 2017. Long-term trajectories were derived by applying the national PTFR targets in 2043 obtained from the 2018 Survey of Experts on Future Demographic Trends to each of the provinces and territories proportionally. More specifically, the median of the aggregate distribution of the PTFR in 2043 was used to obtain a medium target for Canada (1.59 children per woman), the 90th percentile to obtain a high target (1.79) and the 10th percentile to obtain a low target (1.40). This corresponds to growth rates of 3.2%, 16.1%, and -9.2% in the PTFR, respectively, between 2017 (1.54) and 2043. These growth rates are then applied to each of the provinces and territories to obtain long-term low, medium, and high targets. After 2043, rates are held constant for the remainder of the projection.
The short- and long-term trajectories are combined in a manner that allows each province and territory to follow its own path in the earlier projection years, while in the long term, each experiences a growth rate between 2018 and 2043 identical to that envisioned at the Canada level by the expert survey respondents, according to each of the assumptions (low, medium, and high).
Regarding the evolution of provincial and territorial age-specific fertility rates, in the short-term, age-specific patterns are governed largely by recent historical movements in age-specific rates. Over the course of the projection, however, the age-structure eventually becomes fixed, and rates are simply scaled up or down so that the PTFR reaches the appropriate target in a given year for the remaining years of the projection. This ensures that recent trends in the age structure of fertility are incorporated in the short-term projection horizon, but that they are not assumed to continue indefinitely. More details on the methodology to project age-specific fertility rates can be found in Chapter 1: General Approach to Assumption Building.
Assumptions
Figure 3.9 displays the observed (1990 to 2017) and projected (2018 to 2043) levels of the PTFR for each of the provinces and territories for the low, medium and high fertility assumptions. Table 3.2 also provides the observed PTFR in 2017 along with the projected rates in 2043 according to each assumption. The results demonstrate that the projected PTFR varies widely between regions; according to the medium assumption, for example, the projected PTFR in Nunavut in 2043 is approximately 3.06 children per woman, while in British Columbia, the corresponding rate is 1.38.
Description for Figure 3.9
| Period | Newfoundland and LabradorData table Note 2 | Prince Edward Island | Nova Scotia | New Brunswick | Quebec | Ontario | Manitoba | Saskatchewan | Alberta | British Columbia | YukonData table Note 3 | Northwest TerritoriesData table Note 4 | NunavutData table Note 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Historic | Projected | Historic | Projected | Historic | Projected | Historic | Projected | Historic | Projected | Historic | Projected | Historic | Projected | Historic | Projected | Historic | Projected | Historic | Projected | Historic | Projected | Historic | Projected | Historic | Projected | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | ||||||||||||||
| number of children per woman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1971/1972 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.73 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.36 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.07 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.42 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.26 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.99 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.80 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1972/1973 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.45 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.19 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.32 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.94 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.27 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.12 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.32 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1973/1974 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.30 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.06 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.18 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.19 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.38 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.04 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.28 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1974/1975 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.23 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.98 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.11 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.12 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.33 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.02 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.74 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.19 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1975/1976 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.15 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.91 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.98 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.03 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.27 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.00 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.95 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1976/1977 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.12 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.81 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.90 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.70 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.96 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.26 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.96 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.92 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1977/1978 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.07 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.75 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.91 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.21 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.90 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1978/1979 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.00 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.72 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.75 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.17 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.85 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1979/1980 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.95 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.72 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.15 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.96 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1980/1981 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.92 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.12 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.85 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.98 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1981/1982 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.90 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.53 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.81 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.12 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.98 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1982/1983 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.88 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.81 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.11 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.88 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.01 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1983/1984 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.85 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.43 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.08 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.86 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.09 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1984/1985 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.83 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.08 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.95 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1985/1986 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.55 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.39 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.05 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.90 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1986/1987 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.81 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.37 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.83 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.00 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.95 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1987/1988 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.85 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.56 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.39 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.99 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.99 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1988/1989 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.85 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.47 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.88 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.03 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.86 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.99 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1989/1990 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.90 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.07 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.89 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.07 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1990/1991 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.90 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.96 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.06 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.89 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.19 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1991/1992 | 1.43 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.85 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.56 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.95 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.05 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.88 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.05 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1992/1993 | 1.37 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.81 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.55 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.95 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.02 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1993/1994 | 1.33 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.56 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.97 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.98 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1994/1995 | 1.31 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.53 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.53 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.97 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.95 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.81 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.79 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1995/1996 | 1.30 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.49 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.92 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1996/1997 | 1.30 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.70 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.49 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.89 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.73 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1997/1998 | 1.26 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.83 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.47 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.75 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1998/1999 | 1.27 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.48 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.83 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.88 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.73 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 1999/2000 | 1.30 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.43 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.43 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.83 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.86 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2000/2001 | 1.30 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.56 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.47 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.51 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 3.14 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2001/2002 | 1.31 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.39 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.48 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.51 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 3.06 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2002/2003 | 1.32 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.55 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.38 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.49 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.50 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.86 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.53 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.97 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 3.06 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2003/2004 | 1.33 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.42 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.50 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.81 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.74 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.43 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.04 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 3.03 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2004/2005 | 1.34 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.56 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.42 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.53 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.86 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.74 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.05 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2005/2006 | 1.38 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.89 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.51 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.04 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2006/2007 | 1.42 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.51 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.97 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.85 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.49 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.06 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.88 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2007/2008 | 1.50 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.56 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.96 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.04 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.90 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.09 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.94 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2008/2009 | 1.55 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.73 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.73 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.98 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.06 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.88 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.51 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.06 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 3.05 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2009/2010 | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.96 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.05 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.83 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.48 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.02 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 3.03 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2010/2011 | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.51 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.56 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.91 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.01 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.97 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.88 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2011/2012 | 1.39 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.51 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.56 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.91 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.00 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.95 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.85 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2012/2013 | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.49 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.94 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.99 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.92 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.96 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2013/2014 | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.50 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.53 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.00 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.50 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.90 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 3.02 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2014/2015 | 1.47 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.49 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.53 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.92 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.02 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.38 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.92 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2015/2016 | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.55 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.91 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.00 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.38 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.91 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2016/2017 | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.55 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.50 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.89 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.98 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.70 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.51 | 1.55 | 1.59 | 1.83 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.99 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
| 2017/2018 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.33 | 1.36 | 1.40 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.48 | 1.52 | 1.56 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.39 | 1.42 | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.50 | 1.54 | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.56 | 1.60 | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.48 | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | 1.87 | 1.92 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.91 | 1.96 | 2.01 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.61 | 1.66 | 1.70 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.29 | 1.33 | 1.36 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.48 | 1.54 | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.73 | 1.78 | 1.83 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.89 | 2.96 | 3.04 |
| 2018/2019 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.30 | 1.35 | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | 1.51 | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | 1.42 | 1.48 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.47 | 1.54 | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.53 | 1.59 | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.42 | 1.47 | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.79 | 1.86 | 1.94 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.87 | 1.95 | 2.03 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | 1.64 | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.26 | 1.32 | 1.37 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.46 | 1.54 | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.76 | 1.83 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.85 | 2.97 | 3.09 |
| 2019/2020 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.28 | 1.35 | 1.42 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.43 | 1.50 | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.35 | 1.42 | 1.49 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.46 | 1.54 | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.51 | 1.59 | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.47 | 1.55 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | 1.86 | 1.96 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.85 | 1.95 | 2.05 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.55 | 1.63 | 1.72 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.24 | 1.31 | 1.38 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | 1.54 | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.66 | 1.75 | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.82 | 2.97 | 3.13 |
| 2020/2021 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.27 | 1.35 | 1.43 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | 1.50 | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.33 | 1.41 | 1.50 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | 1.54 | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.49 | 1.59 | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.38 | 1.47 | 1.56 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.75 | 1.86 | 1.97 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.83 | 1.95 | 2.07 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.53 | 1.62 | 1.72 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.23 | 1.30 | 1.38 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.54 | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | 1.74 | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.80 | 2.97 | 3.16 |
| 2021/2022 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.26 | 1.34 | 1.44 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.50 | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.51 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.54 | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.48 | 1.58 | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.37 | 1.47 | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.74 | 1.86 | 1.98 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.82 | 1.95 | 2.08 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.52 | 1.62 | 1.73 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.22 | 1.30 | 1.39 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.43 | 1.54 | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.62 | 1.73 | 1.85 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.78 | 2.98 | 3.18 |
| 2022/2023 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.25 | 1.34 | 1.44 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.39 | 1.49 | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.31 | 1.41 | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.43 | 1.54 | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.47 | 1.58 | 1.70 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | 1.47 | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.73 | 1.86 | 1.99 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.81 | 1.95 | 2.09 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.50 | 1.62 | 1.74 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.21 | 1.30 | 1.39 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.42 | 1.54 | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | 1.72 | 1.85 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.77 | 2.98 | 3.20 |
| 2023/2024 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.24 | 1.34 | 1.45 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.38 | 1.49 | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.31 | 1.41 | 1.53 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.42 | 1.54 | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.46 | 1.58 | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | 1.47 | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.72 | 1.86 | 2.00 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.80 | 1.95 | 2.10 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.49 | 1.62 | 1.74 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.20 | 1.30 | 1.40 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.42 | 1.54 | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | 1.72 | 1.86 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.76 | 2.98 | 3.22 |
| 2024/2025 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.24 | 1.34 | 1.45 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.37 | 1.49 | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.30 | 1.41 | 1.53 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.42 | 1.54 | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.46 | 1.58 | 1.72 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.35 | 1.47 | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.71 | 1.86 | 2.01 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.79 | 1.95 | 2.11 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.49 | 1.61 | 1.75 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.19 | 1.30 | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | 1.54 | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | 1.72 | 1.86 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.75 | 2.99 | 3.24 |
| 2025/2026 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.23 | 1.34 | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.37 | 1.49 | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.30 | 1.41 | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | 1.54 | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | 1.59 | 1.72 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.35 | 1.47 | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.71 | 1.86 | 2.02 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.79 | 1.95 | 2.12 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.48 | 1.62 | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.19 | 1.30 | 1.41 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | 1.54 | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | 1.72 | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.74 | 2.99 | 3.25 |
| 2026/2027 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.23 | 1.34 | 1.47 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.37 | 1.50 | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.29 | 1.42 | 1.55 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | 1.54 | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | 1.59 | 1.73 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.34 | 1.47 | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.70 | 1.86 | 2.03 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | 1.95 | 2.13 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.48 | 1.62 | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.18 | 1.30 | 1.42 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | 1.55 | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | 1.72 | 1.88 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.73 | 2.99 | 3.27 |
| 2027/2028 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.22 | 1.35 | 1.47 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | 1.50 | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.29 | 1.42 | 1.55 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | 1.55 | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | 1.59 | 1.74 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.34 | 1.47 | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.70 | 1.86 | 2.04 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | 1.96 | 2.14 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.47 | 1.62 | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.18 | 1.30 | 1.42 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.55 | 1.70 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | 1.72 | 1.89 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.73 | 3.00 | 3.28 |
| 2028/2029 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.22 | 1.35 | 1.48 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | 1.50 | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.29 | 1.42 | 1.56 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.55 | 1.70 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.59 | 1.75 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.34 | 1.47 | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.87 | 2.05 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | 1.96 | 2.15 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.47 | 1.62 | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.18 | 1.30 | 1.43 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.55 | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | 1.73 | 1.90 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.72 | 3.00 | 3.29 |
| 2029/2030 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.22 | 1.35 | 1.49 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | 1.50 | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.29 | 1.42 | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.55 | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.59 | 1.75 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.33 | 1.48 | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.87 | 2.06 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | 1.96 | 2.16 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.47 | 1.63 | 1.79 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.18 | 1.30 | 1.44 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.55 | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | 1.73 | 1.91 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.72 | 3.00 | 3.31 |
| 2030/2031 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.22 | 1.35 | 1.49 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | 1.51 | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.29 | 1.43 | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.55 | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.60 | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.33 | 1.48 | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.87 | 2.07 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | 1.96 | 2.17 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.47 | 1.63 | 1.80 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.18 | 1.31 | 1.44 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.56 | 1.72 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | 1.74 | 1.92 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.71 | 3.01 | 3.32 |
| 2031/2032 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.22 | 1.36 | 1.50 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | 1.51 | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.28 | 1.43 | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.55 | 1.72 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.60 | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.33 | 1.48 | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.88 | 2.08 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | 1.97 | 2.18 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.47 | 1.63 | 1.81 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.18 | 1.31 | 1.45 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.56 | 1.73 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | 1.74 | 1.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.71 | 3.01 | 3.33 |
| 2032/2033 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.22 | 1.36 | 1.51 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | 1.52 | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.28 | 1.43 | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.56 | 1.73 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.60 | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.33 | 1.49 | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.88 | 2.08 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | 1.97 | 2.19 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.47 | 1.64 | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.18 | 1.32 | 1.46 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.56 | 1.73 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | 1.75 | 1.94 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.71 | 3.02 | 3.34 |
| 2033/2034 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.22 | 1.36 | 1.51 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | 1.52 | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.28 | 1.43 | 1.59 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.56 | 1.73 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.61 | 1.79 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.33 | 1.49 | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.89 | 2.09 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | 1.98 | 2.19 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.47 | 1.65 | 1.83 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.18 | 1.32 | 1.47 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.57 | 1.74 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.57 | 1.76 | 1.95 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.70 | 3.02 | 3.35 |
| 2034/2035 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.22 | 1.37 | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | 1.52 | 1.70 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.28 | 1.44 | 1.60 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.56 | 1.74 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.61 | 1.79 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.33 | 1.49 | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.89 | 2.10 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | 1.98 | 2.20 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.48 | 1.65 | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.18 | 1.33 | 1.47 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.57 | 1.75 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | 1.76 | 1.96 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.70 | 3.02 | 3.36 |
| 2035/2036 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.22 | 1.37 | 1.53 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.36 | 1.53 | 1.70 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.28 | 1.44 | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.57 | 1.74 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.62 | 1.80 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.33 | 1.50 | 1.67 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.89 | 2.11 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | 1.98 | 2.21 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.48 | 1.66 | 1.85 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.19 | 1.33 | 1.48 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.57 | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | 1.77 | 1.98 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.70 | 3.03 | 3.37 |
| 2036/2037 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.22 | 1.38 | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.37 | 1.54 | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.29 | 1.45 | 1.61 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.39 | 1.57 | 1.75 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.62 | 1.81 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.34 | 1.50 | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.90 | 2.12 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | 1.99 | 2.22 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.48 | 1.67 | 1.86 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.19 | 1.34 | 1.49 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.58 | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.58 | 1.78 | 1.99 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.70 | 3.03 | 3.38 |
| 2037/2038 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.23 | 1.38 | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.37 | 1.54 | 1.72 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.29 | 1.45 | 1.62 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.39 | 1.57 | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.63 | 1.82 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.34 | 1.51 | 1.68 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.90 | 2.13 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | 1.99 | 2.23 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.49 | 1.67 | 1.87 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.19 | 1.34 | 1.50 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.58 | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.59 | 1.79 | 2.00 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.70 | 3.04 | 3.39 |
| 2038/2039 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.23 | 1.39 | 1.55 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.37 | 1.55 | 1.73 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.29 | 1.45 | 1.63 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.39 | 1.57 | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | 1.63 | 1.83 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.34 | 1.51 | 1.69 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.91 | 2.14 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | 2.00 | 2.24 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.49 | 1.68 | 1.88 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.20 | 1.35 | 1.51 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.58 | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | 1.80 | 2.02 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.69 | 3.04 | 3.40 |
| 2039/2040 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.23 | 1.39 | 1.56 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.37 | 1.55 | 1.74 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.29 | 1.46 | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.39 | 1.58 | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | 1.64 | 1.83 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.34 | 1.52 | 1.70 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.69 | 1.91 | 2.15 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.77 | 2.00 | 2.25 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.50 | 1.69 | 1.89 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.20 | 1.36 | 1.52 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.59 | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.60 | 1.81 | 2.03 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.69 | 3.04 | 3.41 |
| 2040/2041 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.23 | 1.40 | 1.57 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.38 | 1.56 | 1.75 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.29 | 1.46 | 1.64 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.58 | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | 1.64 | 1.84 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.34 | 1.52 | 1.71 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.70 | 1.92 | 2.15 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | 2.01 | 2.26 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.50 | 1.70 | 1.91 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.20 | 1.36 | 1.53 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.59 | 1.79 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.61 | 1.82 | 2.05 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.69 | 3.05 | 3.42 |
| 2041/2042 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.24 | 1.40 | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.38 | 1.57 | 1.76 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.29 | 1.47 | 1.65 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.58 | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.45 | 1.65 | 1.85 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.35 | 1.53 | 1.72 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.70 | 1.93 | 2.16 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | 2.02 | 2.27 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.51 | 1.71 | 1.92 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.21 | 1.37 | 1.54 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | 1.60 | 1.80 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.62 | 1.83 | 2.06 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.69 | 3.05 | 3.43 |
| 2042/2043 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.24 | 1.41 | 1.58 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.39 | 1.57 | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.30 | 1.47 | 1.66 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.40 | 1.59 | 1.78 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.46 | 1.65 | 1.86 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.35 | 1.53 | 1.72 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.70 | 1.93 | 2.17 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.78 | 2.02 | 2.27 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.51 | 1.72 | 1.93 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.21 | 1.38 | 1.55 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.41 | 1.60 | 1.80 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.63 | 1.85 | 2.08 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.69 | 3.06 | 3.44 |
.. not available for a specific reference period
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Region | Historic (2017) |
Projected (assumptions) (2043) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Medium | High | ||
| number of children per woman | ||||
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 1.36 | 1.24 | 1.41 | 1.58 |
| Prince Edward Island | 1.53 | 1.39 | 1.57 | 1.77 |
| Nova Scotia | 1.43 | 1.30 | 1.47 | 1.66 |
| New Brunswick | 1.54 | 1.40 | 1.59 | 1.78 |
| Quebec | 1.60 | 1.46 | 1.65 | 1.86 |
| Ontario | 1.48 | 1.35 | 1.53 | 1.72 |
| Manitoba | 1.87 | 1.70 | 1.93 | 2.17 |
| Saskatchewan | 1.96 | 1.78 | 2.02 | 2.27 |
| Alberta | 1.66 | 1.51 | 1.72 | 1.93 |
| British Columbia | 1.34 | 1.21 | 1.38 | 1.55 |
| YukonTable 3.2 Note 2 | 1.55 | 1.41 | 1.60 | 1.80 |
| Northwest Territories | 1.79 | 1.63 | 1.85 | 2.08 |
| Nunavut | 2.96 | 2.69 | 3.06 | 3.44 |
| CanadaTable 3.2 Note 3 | 1.54 | 1.40 | 1.59 | 1.79 |
|
||||
The substantial difference in level comes both from allowing provincial and territorial trends to continue in the initial projection years and from formulating targets in terms of growth rates equivalent to that of Canada’s (anticipated) growth rate. Note that despite differences in the overall level of the PTFR, the way it evolves in each province and territory over the course of the projection is similar. This is the result of the logarithmic interpolation scheme used to combine short- and long- term assumptions; the low, medium, and high assumptions are all logarithmic or inverse logarithmic curves, with the low and high assumptions creating a ‘fan’ around the medium.
This form of interpolation approximates the typical manner in which uncertainty in projections propagates over time. That is, there is greater uncertainty in earlier projection years (resulting in a rapid widening of the bound created by the high and low assumptions), which tends to fade gradually over time due to the cumulative effect of year-to-year changes in direction.Note
Figure 3.10 provides an example of how the projected age-specific fertility rates evolve differently over the course of the projection and uniquely for each fertility assumption. Between 2017/2018 and 2030/2031(approximately), the projected age structure changes in accordance with recently observed changes in the historical age-specific fertility rates (i.e., postponement or shifting of the predominant ages of childbearing to older ages). From 2030/2031 onwards, the age-structure remains relatively stable, and the curves simply shift vertically depending on the target PTFR in each year. A similar pattern is observed in all of the provinces and territories.
Description for Figure 3.10
| Age | Low assumption | Medium assumption | High assumption | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017/2018 | 2019/2020 | 2021/2022 | 2026/2027 | 2031/2032 | 2041/2042 | 2017/2018 | 2019/2020 | 2021/2022 | 2026/2027 | 2031/2032 | 2041/2042 | 2017/2018 | 2019/2020 | 2021/2022 | 2026/2027 | 2031/2032 | 2041/2042 | |
| per thousand | ||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 11 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 12 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 13 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 14 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| 15 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 1.8 |
| 16 | 10.5 | 8.8 | 7.6 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 10.8 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 11.1 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 5.8 |
| 17 | 18.7 | 16.2 | 14.4 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 8.7 | 19.3 | 17.2 | 15.7 | 13.0 | 11.5 | 10.6 | 19.8 | 18.3 | 17.0 | 14.7 | 13.4 | 12.7 |
| 18 | 30.8 | 27.5 | 25.2 | 21.5 | 19.3 | 18.0 | 31.7 | 29.1 | 27.2 | 24.1 | 22.3 | 21.4 | 32.5 | 30.8 | 29.4 | 26.8 | 25.4 | 25.0 |
| 19 | 41.4 | 37.7 | 35.1 | 30.9 | 28.6 | 27.2 | 42.5 | 39.8 | 37.8 | 34.4 | 32.6 | 31.8 | 43.7 | 42.1 | 40.7 | 38.2 | 36.8 | 36.8 |
| 20 | 52.6 | 48.7 | 45.9 | 41.7 | 39.4 | 38.0 | 54.0 | 51.4 | 49.4 | 46.2 | 44.5 | 44.1 | 55.5 | 54.3 | 53.1 | 51.0 | 50.1 | 50.6 |
| 21 | 60.7 | 56.8 | 54.2 | 50.2 | 48.1 | 47.0 | 62.3 | 60.0 | 58.3 | 55.5 | 54.2 | 54.2 | 64.0 | 63.3 | 62.5 | 61.1 | 60.6 | 61.8 |
| 22 | 68.4 | 64.6 | 62.1 | 58.4 | 56.5 | 55.7 | 70.1 | 68.1 | 66.6 | 64.4 | 63.4 | 63.8 | 72.0 | 71.8 | 71.4 | 70.7 | 70.7 | 72.5 |
| 23 | 76.3 | 72.4 | 69.9 | 66.2 | 64.3 | 63.6 | 78.3 | 76.3 | 74.9 | 72.9 | 72.0 | 72.8 | 80.4 | 80.5 | 80.2 | 79.9 | 80.2 | 82.5 |
| 24 | 84.4 | 80.2 | 77.6 | 73.7 | 71.8 | 71.1 | 86.6 | 84.6 | 83.2 | 81.1 | 80.4 | 81.3 | 88.9 | 89.2 | 89.1 | 88.9 | 89.4 | 92.0 |
| 25 | 96.6 | 92.2 | 89.4 | 85.4 | 83.5 | 82.9 | 99.1 | 97.2 | 95.8 | 93.9 | 93.3 | 94.6 | 101.7 | 102.4 | 102.5 | 102.9 | 103.7 | 107.0 |
| 26 | 109.1 | 104.8 | 102.2 | 98.5 | 96.9 | 96.6 | 111.9 | 110.4 | 109.4 | 108.2 | 108.1 | 110.0 | 114.9 | 116.3 | 117.0 | 118.3 | 119.9 | 124.1 |
| 27 | 123.2 | 119.1 | 116.7 | 113.7 | 112.4 | 112.6 | 126.4 | 125.4 | 124.9 | 124.6 | 125.2 | 127.9 | 129.7 | 132.1 | 133.5 | 136.1 | 138.6 | 144.0 |
| 28 | 130.6 | 126.9 | 124.9 | 122.5 | 121.7 | 122.2 | 134.0 | 133.6 | 133.6 | 134.1 | 135.3 | 138.6 | 137.5 | 140.7 | 142.7 | 146.4 | 149.5 | 155.7 |
| 29 | 133.8 | 130.6 | 128.9 | 127.2 | 126.8 | 127.7 | 137.3 | 137.4 | 137.8 | 139.1 | 140.8 | 144.5 | 140.9 | 144.7 | 147.2 | 151.7 | 155.5 | 162.2 |
| 30 | 129.9 | 127.2 | 126.0 | 124.9 | 124.9 | 126.0 | 133.2 | 133.8 | 134.6 | 136.5 | 138.5 | 142.5 | 136.7 | 140.9 | 143.6 | 148.8 | 152.8 | 159.7 |
| 31 | 124.0 | 121.9 | 121.2 | 120.9 | 121.3 | 122.7 | 127.1 | 128.3 | 129.4 | 132.0 | 134.4 | 138.5 | 130.5 | 134.9 | 138.0 | 143.7 | 148.0 | 155.1 |
| 32 | 114.1 | 112.7 | 112.4 | 112.8 | 113.7 | 115.3 | 117.0 | 118.6 | 120.0 | 123.1 | 125.7 | 129.9 | 120.0 | 124.7 | 128.0 | 133.9 | 138.4 | 145.3 |
| 33 | 101.9 | 101.2 | 101.3 | 102.4 | 103.5 | 105.3 | 104.5 | 106.4 | 108.1 | 111.6 | 114.4 | 118.5 | 107.2 | 111.9 | 115.2 | 121.3 | 125.7 | 132.3 |
| 34 | 88.6 | 88.3 | 88.7 | 90.0 | 91.3 | 93.0 | 90.9 | 92.9 | 94.6 | 98.1 | 100.7 | 104.5 | 93.2 | 97.6 | 100.8 | 106.5 | 110.6 | 116.6 |
| 35 | 73.9 | 73.9 | 74.5 | 76.1 | 77.4 | 79.0 | 75.7 | 77.7 | 79.4 | 82.8 | 85.3 | 88.7 | 77.7 | 81.7 | 84.6 | 89.8 | 93.6 | 98.8 |
| 36 | 61.4 | 61.8 | 62.4 | 64.0 | 65.3 | 66.8 | 63.0 | 64.9 | 66.5 | 69.6 | 71.9 | 74.9 | 64.6 | 68.2 | 70.8 | 75.5 | 78.8 | 83.4 |
| 37 | 49.0 | 49.6 | 50.4 | 52.1 | 53.3 | 54.7 | 50.3 | 52.1 | 53.6 | 56.6 | 58.7 | 61.3 | 51.6 | 54.7 | 57.1 | 61.3 | 64.2 | 68.1 |
| 38 | 38.6 | 39.2 | 39.8 | 41.3 | 42.4 | 43.5 | 39.6 | 41.1 | 42.4 | 44.8 | 46.6 | 48.7 | 40.6 | 43.2 | 45.1 | 48.5 | 50.9 | 54.0 |
| 39 | 28.0 | 28.6 | 29.2 | 30.4 | 31.3 | 32.3 | 28.7 | 30.0 | 31.0 | 33.0 | 34.4 | 36.0 | 29.5 | 31.5 | 33.0 | 35.7 | 37.6 | 40.0 |
| 40 | 19.9 | 20.3 | 20.8 | 21.7 | 22.4 | 23.0 | 20.4 | 21.3 | 22.1 | 23.5 | 24.5 | 25.7 | 20.9 | 22.4 | 23.5 | 25.4 | 26.8 | 28.5 |
| 41 | 13.4 | 13.8 | 14.1 | 14.8 | 15.3 | 15.8 | 13.8 | 14.4 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 16.8 | 17.6 | 14.1 | 15.2 | 15.9 | 17.4 | 18.3 | 19.5 |
| 42 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 10.2 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 11.4 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 12.6 |
| 43 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 7.8 |
| 44 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.5 |
| 45 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
| 46 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| 47 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| 48 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| 49 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| 50 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 51 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 52 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 53 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 54 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Source: Statistics Canada, Demography Division. | ||||||||||||||||||
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