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Statistics Canada's Trust Centre

Results

All (41)

All (41) (0 to 10 of 41 results)

1. Intergenerational income mobility in Canada: Research highlights from two recent studies
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200001
Description: This article summarizes findings from an upcoming study in American Economic Journal: Applied Economics that compares absolute intergenerational income mobility rates – the fraction of adult children in the population whose income is higher than that earned by their parents at the same age, in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Finland. This article also discusses the findings of a pilot study in Measuring Distribution and Mobility of Income and Wealth which examines the impact of parental education on the transmission of income between generations using census data from the Intergenerational Income Database.
Release date: 2023-12-21
2. What can be learned about caregivers in Canada from the analysis of families claiming the Canada caregiver credit?
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300700002
Description: According to the 2018 General Social Survey (GSS) data on caregiving in Canada, one in four Canadians aged 15 and older have provided some form of care for people with a long-term health condition, a disability or problems related to aging. The main objective of this study is to use nationwide administrative data to spotlight Canadian families caring for family members (including extended family members) who have severe and prolonged impairments in physical or mental functions. More specifically, this study documents the prevalence of families claiming the Canada caregiver credit (CCC) among all tax-filing families and breaks down the results by several essential family characteristics.
Release date: 2023-07-26
3. Paid Employment, Self-employment and Gig Work in Administrative and Survey Data
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2023003
Description: This study combines survey and administrative data to examine the correspondence between paid-employment and self-employment activities reported in each of these data sources by the same individuals. The study also looks at the role of self-employment as a supplemental income source for individuals whose self-declared main labour market activity is wage employment.
Release date: 2023-06-06
4. The impact of firm closures and job loss on participation in gig work: A causal analysis
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2022001
Description:
This study uses data from the Statistics Canada Longitudinal Worker File linked to Canadian census records to examine the impact of firm closures and involuntary job loss on entry into gig work. The analysis distinguishes between the actions of those who experienced an actual layoff associated with a firm closure and those who worked in a closing firm but did not necessarily wait until the closure (“impending layoff”).

Release date: 2022-09-27
5. Immigrant entrepreneurs in Canada: Highlights from recent studies
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100900001
Description:
This paper highlights the main findings of the Immigrant Entrepreneurs research program initiated by the Research and Evaluation Branch of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada and Statistics Canada.

Release date: 2021-09-22
6. Immigrant and second-generation entrepreneurs in Canada: An intergenerational comparison of business ownership
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100900003
Description:
Entrepreneurship and businesses ownership are important aspects of the economic contribution of immigrants. Much is known regarding the high self-employment rates and other characteristics of immigrant entrepreneurs. However, very little is known about the based wage disparity, including gender-related biases in career advancement. Using new content developed in the 2016 General Social Survey (GSS Cycle 30): Canadians at Work and Home, this study investigates the possible existence and magnitude of gender-related biases in career advancement that may prevent women from advancing in their careers.
Release date: 2021-09-22
7. Foreign workers in the Canadian agriculture industry
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100400002
Description:
This study documents annual trends in employment and earnings of foreign workers employed in agriculture and various subsectors of agriculture, as well as the characteristics of foreign workers in this industry. It also examines transitions to permanent residence for those who entered Canada as foreign workers and worked in agriculture. The main objective of the analysis is to provide a deeper understanding of the use of foreign worker programs in agriculture in Canada.

Release date: 2021-04-28
8. Foreign workers in the Canadian food manufacturing industry
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100400003
Description:
This study examines annual trends in the employment and earnings of foreign workers in the Canadian food manufacturing industry and in specific subsectors (e.g., meat product manufacturing, dairy product manufacturing). The main objective of the analysis is to provide a deeper understanding of the use of foreign workers in food manufacturing—a sector with relatively high concentrations of foreign workers.

Release date: 2021-04-28
9. Self-employed individuals, self-employment income and the post-COVID-19 financial strain Archived
Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202000100078
Description:
Although the number of self-employed individuals has remained largely unchanged since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the self-employed are likely to remain under severe financial strain. This article looks at the unincorporated self-employed more broadly and highlights another important factor that will likely have a large impact on their financial well-being: whether or not the self-employed individuals also have T4 earnings.
Release date: 2020-09-18
10. Innovation in Immigrant-owned Firms in Canada
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020009
Description:
The main objective of this paper is to determine whether the immigration status of the owner of a small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) affects the likelihood of a company implementing an innovation. This paper uses data from a survey of Canadian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in 2011, 2014 and 2017, and asks whether immigrant-owned SMEs were more likely to innovate during the three years prior to the survey than those owned by Canadian-born individuals.
Release date: 2020-06-09

Stats in brief (2)

Stats in brief (2) ((2 results))

1. Self-employed individuals, self-employment income and the post-COVID-19 financial strain Archived
Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202000100078
Description:
Although the number of self-employed individuals has remained largely unchanged since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the self-employed are likely to remain under severe financial strain. This article looks at the unincorporated self-employed more broadly and highlights another important factor that will likely have a large impact on their financial well-being: whether or not the self-employed individuals also have T4 earnings.
Release date: 2020-09-18
2. The impact of COVID-19 on the gig economy: Short- and long-term concerns Archived
Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202000100021
Description:
A new study looks at the some of the challenges in tracking the gig economy in real time and profiles the approximately 1.7 million Canadians who worked in the gig economy prior to the pandemic. In addition to the short-term concerns, the study looks at how the gig economy may evolve in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic based on earlier data trends.
Release date: 2020-05-20

Articles and reports (39)

Articles and reports (39) (30 to 40 of 39 results)

31. Earnings Inequality and Earnings Instability of Immigrants in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008309
Geography: Canada
Description:
The deterioration of immigrants' entry earnings in Canada in the past three decades has been well documented. This study provides further insights into the changing fortunes of immigrants by focusing on their earnings inequality and earnings instability. The analysis is based on a flexible econometric model that decomposes earnings inequality into current and long-term components. In addition to constructing earnings inequality and earnings instability profiles for different arrival cohorts, we also examine the underlying causes of earnings inequality, including the impact of foreign education, birthplace and the ability to speak English or French.
Release date: 2008-04-09
32. How Do Families and Unattached Individuals Respond to Layoffs? Evidence from Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008304
Geography: Canada
Description:
Using data from a large Canadian longitudinal dataset, we examine whether earnings of wives and teenagers increase in response to layoffs experienced by husbands. We find virtually no evidence of an "added worker effect" for the earnings of teenagers. However, we find that among families with no children of working age, wives' earnings offset about one fifth of the earnings losses experienced by husbands five years after the layoff.
We also contrast the long-term earnings losses experienced by husbands and unattached males. Even though the former group might be less mobile geographically than the latter, we find that both groups experience roughly the same earnings losses in the long run. Furthermore, the income losses (before tax and after tax) of both groups are also very similar. However, because unattached males have much lower pre-layoff income, they experience much greater relative income shocks than (families of) laid-off husbands.
Release date: 2008-02-21
33. Pensions and retirement savings of families Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X200711113197
Geography: Canada
Description:
Prime-aged couples experienced a moderate decline in RPP coverage over the last two decades, as the substantial growth in wives labour market participation and the slight increase in their RPP coverage only partially offset a substantial decline in husbands coverage. On average, retirement savings of families rose over the last two decades, but the distribution became more unequal. To a large extent, the uneven growth in retirement savings mirrors the sharp increase in family earnings inequality since the early 1980s.
Release date: 2007-12-19
34. Income Instability of Lone Parents, Singles and Two-Parent Families in Canada, 1984 to 2004 Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2007297
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines income instability of lone parents, singles and two-parent families in Canada in the past two decades using tax data. We attempt to answer the following questions: Has there been a widespread increase in earnings instability among lone parents (especially lone mothers) and unattached individuals over the past 20 years? How do the trends in earnings instability among lone parents and unattached individuals compare to the trends among the two-parent families? What is the role of government transfers and the progressive tax system in mitigating differences in earnings instability across different segments of the earnings distribution among the above-mentioned groups? We find little evidence of a widespread increase in earnings instability in the past two decades and show that government transfers play a particularly important role in reducing employment income instability of lone mothers and unattached individuals.
Release date: 2007-03-29
35. Earnings instability Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X200611013172
Geography: Canada
Description:
Using tax data, this paper examines earnings instability among lone parents, unattached individuals, and two-parent families over the past two decades. When income tax effects and main sources of income were considered, no strong evidence of a widespread increase in instability was found. Government transfers play a particularly important role in reducing the earnings instability of lone mothers and unattached individuals
Release date: 2006-12-20
36. Pension Coverage and Retirement Savings of Canadian Families, 1986 to 2003 Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2006286
Geography: Canada
Description:
We analyze the degree to which Canadian families are covered by private pension plans and document how their savings for retirement (made through contributions to tax-assisted retirement savings programs) have evolved over the last two decades. We find that two-parent families, lone-parent families and other individuals located in the bottom quintile of the earnings distribution are not better prepared for retirement than their counterparts were in the mid-1980s or the early 1990s. On the other hand, those located in the top quintile are better prepared than their counterparts were in the mid-1980s or the early 1990s. As a result, Canadian families' preparedness for retirement, which was fairly unequal in the mid-1980s, has become even more unequal over the last two decades. This finding has important implications for the future. Recent research has shown that the maturation of the Canada and Quebec Pension Plans (C/QPPs) has led to a substantial reduction in income inequality among the elderly between the early 1980s and the mid-1990s. In the absence of offsetting trends, the growing inequality in Canadian families preparedness for retirement implies that that the distribution of family income among seniors should become more unequal in the years to come.
Release date: 2006-09-26
37. The Instability of Family Earnings and Family Income in Canada, 1986 to 1991 and 1996 to 2001 Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005265
Geography: Canada
Description:
We investigate how family earnings instability has evolved between the late 1980s and the late 1990s and how family income instability varies across segments of the (family-level) earnings distribution. We uncover four key patterns. First, among the subset of families who were intact over the 1982-1991 and 1992-2001 periods, family earnings instability changed little between the late 1980s and the late 1990s. Second, the dispersion of families' permanent earnings became much more unequal during that period. Third, families who were in the bottom tertile of the (age-specific) earnings distribution in 1992-1995 had, during the 1996-2001 period, much more unstable market income than their counterparts in the top tertile. Fourth, among families with husbands aged under 45, the tax and transfer system has, during the 1996-2001 period, eliminated at least two-thirds (and up to all) of the differences in instability (measured in terms of proportional income gains/losses) in family market income that were observed during that period between families in the bottom tertile and those in the top tertile. This finding highlights the key stabilization role played by the tax and transfer system, a feature that has received relatively little attention during the 1990s when Employment Insurance (EI) (formerly known as Unemployment Insurance (UI)) and Social Assistance were reformed.
Release date: 2005-11-02
38. Summary Of: The Instability of Family Earnings and Family Income in Canada, 1986 to 1991 and 1996 to 2001 Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005266
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled: The Instability of Family Earnings and Family Income in Canada, 1986 to 1991 and 1996 to 2001. Despite its implications for family well-being, little attention has been paid to the analysis of earnings instability in the context of the family versus the earnings profiles of individuals. While a focus on individuals is important, the extent to which families can generate stable income flows from the labour market is a key concern for policymakers. Therefore, using data from Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD), this study documents how family earnings instability has evolved between two six-year periods: 1986-1991 and 1996-2001. We also examine how husbands' earnings instability compares to couples' earnings instability, and we compute measures of instability based on family earnings, family market income, and family income before and after tax. This allows us to examine the extent to which wives' earnings reduce the volatility of husbands' employment income; the extent to which the tax and transfer system plays a stabilization role; and the extent to which wives' earnings, taxes, and transfers reduce the differences in instability between couples in the bottom of the earnings distribution and those in the top.
Release date: 2005-11-02
39. Relative Wage Patterns Among the Highly Educated in a Knowledge-based Economy Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2004232
Geography: Canada
Description:
This study extends previous work on the evolution of the education premium, and investigates the existence of diverging university/high school earnings ratio trends across industries in the knowledge-based economy. The study also discusses the changing demand for high-skilled workers by comparing relative wages of university graduates holding degrees in "applied" fields to those of other university graduates (the "field" premium).
Release date: 2004-09-29

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Date modified:: 2024-05-14