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Statistics Canada's Trust Centre

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All (41)

All (41) (0 to 10 of 41 results)

1. Intergenerational income mobility in Canada: Research highlights from two recent studies
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200001
Description: This article summarizes findings from an upcoming study in American Economic Journal: Applied Economics that compares absolute intergenerational income mobility rates – the fraction of adult children in the population whose income is higher than that earned by their parents at the same age, in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Finland. This article also discusses the findings of a pilot study in Measuring Distribution and Mobility of Income and Wealth which examines the impact of parental education on the transmission of income between generations using census data from the Intergenerational Income Database.
Release date: 2023-12-21
2. What can be learned about caregivers in Canada from the analysis of families claiming the Canada caregiver credit?
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300700002
Description: According to the 2018 General Social Survey (GSS) data on caregiving in Canada, one in four Canadians aged 15 and older have provided some form of care for people with a long-term health condition, a disability or problems related to aging. The main objective of this study is to use nationwide administrative data to spotlight Canadian families caring for family members (including extended family members) who have severe and prolonged impairments in physical or mental functions. More specifically, this study documents the prevalence of families claiming the Canada caregiver credit (CCC) among all tax-filing families and breaks down the results by several essential family characteristics.
Release date: 2023-07-26
3. Paid Employment, Self-employment and Gig Work in Administrative and Survey Data
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2023003
Description: This study combines survey and administrative data to examine the correspondence between paid-employment and self-employment activities reported in each of these data sources by the same individuals. The study also looks at the role of self-employment as a supplemental income source for individuals whose self-declared main labour market activity is wage employment.
Release date: 2023-06-06
4. The impact of firm closures and job loss on participation in gig work: A causal analysis
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2022001
Description:
This study uses data from the Statistics Canada Longitudinal Worker File linked to Canadian census records to examine the impact of firm closures and involuntary job loss on entry into gig work. The analysis distinguishes between the actions of those who experienced an actual layoff associated with a firm closure and those who worked in a closing firm but did not necessarily wait until the closure (“impending layoff”).

Release date: 2022-09-27
5. Immigrant entrepreneurs in Canada: Highlights from recent studies
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100900001
Description:
This paper highlights the main findings of the Immigrant Entrepreneurs research program initiated by the Research and Evaluation Branch of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada and Statistics Canada.

Release date: 2021-09-22
6. Immigrant and second-generation entrepreneurs in Canada: An intergenerational comparison of business ownership
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100900003
Description:
Entrepreneurship and businesses ownership are important aspects of the economic contribution of immigrants. Much is known regarding the high self-employment rates and other characteristics of immigrant entrepreneurs. However, very little is known about the based wage disparity, including gender-related biases in career advancement. Using new content developed in the 2016 General Social Survey (GSS Cycle 30): Canadians at Work and Home, this study investigates the possible existence and magnitude of gender-related biases in career advancement that may prevent women from advancing in their careers.
Release date: 2021-09-22
7. Foreign workers in the Canadian agriculture industry
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100400002
Description:
This study documents annual trends in employment and earnings of foreign workers employed in agriculture and various subsectors of agriculture, as well as the characteristics of foreign workers in this industry. It also examines transitions to permanent residence for those who entered Canada as foreign workers and worked in agriculture. The main objective of the analysis is to provide a deeper understanding of the use of foreign worker programs in agriculture in Canada.

Release date: 2021-04-28
8. Foreign workers in the Canadian food manufacturing industry
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100400003
Description:
This study examines annual trends in the employment and earnings of foreign workers in the Canadian food manufacturing industry and in specific subsectors (e.g., meat product manufacturing, dairy product manufacturing). The main objective of the analysis is to provide a deeper understanding of the use of foreign workers in food manufacturing—a sector with relatively high concentrations of foreign workers.

Release date: 2021-04-28
9. Self-employed individuals, self-employment income and the post-COVID-19 financial strain Archived
Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202000100078
Description:
Although the number of self-employed individuals has remained largely unchanged since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the self-employed are likely to remain under severe financial strain. This article looks at the unincorporated self-employed more broadly and highlights another important factor that will likely have a large impact on their financial well-being: whether or not the self-employed individuals also have T4 earnings.
Release date: 2020-09-18
10. Innovation in Immigrant-owned Firms in Canada
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020009
Description:
The main objective of this paper is to determine whether the immigration status of the owner of a small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) affects the likelihood of a company implementing an innovation. This paper uses data from a survey of Canadian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in 2011, 2014 and 2017, and asks whether immigrant-owned SMEs were more likely to innovate during the three years prior to the survey than those owned by Canadian-born individuals.
Release date: 2020-06-09

Stats in brief (2)

Stats in brief (2) ((2 results))

1. Self-employed individuals, self-employment income and the post-COVID-19 financial strain Archived
Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202000100078
Description:
Although the number of self-employed individuals has remained largely unchanged since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the self-employed are likely to remain under severe financial strain. This article looks at the unincorporated self-employed more broadly and highlights another important factor that will likely have a large impact on their financial well-being: whether or not the self-employed individuals also have T4 earnings.
Release date: 2020-09-18
2. The impact of COVID-19 on the gig economy: Short- and long-term concerns Archived
Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202000100021
Description:
A new study looks at the some of the challenges in tracking the gig economy in real time and profiles the approximately 1.7 million Canadians who worked in the gig economy prior to the pandemic. In addition to the short-term concerns, the study looks at how the gig economy may evolve in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic based on earlier data trends.
Release date: 2020-05-20

Articles and reports (39)

Articles and reports (39) (10 to 20 of 39 results)

11. The Financing of Immigrant-owned Firms in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2018404
Description:
Using data from the 2011 and 2014 Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, this paper examines access to financing by immigrant business owners. It documents the main financing sources of immigrant-owned and Canadian-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Release date: 2018-06-18
12. The Exit and Survival Patterns of Immigrant Entrepreneurs: The Case of Private Incorporated Companies Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2018401
Description:
It is well established that, in most Western countries, rates of small-business ownership tend to be higher among immigrants than among the native-born. In Canada, the overall shares of taxfilers who owned a private incorporated business in 2010 were similar for immigrants (4.6%) and the Canadian-born (4.8%). However, the rate of business ownership was substantially higher (5.8%) among immigrants who had been in Canada for 10 to 30 years. Much less is known about exit and survival patterns of immigrant-owned businesses as there is only a small body of international literature on this topic and little Canadian evidence. This paper addresses this gap by answering two questions. First, do exit and survival patterns (durations) of firm ownership differ between immigrants and individuals born in Canada? Second, what characteristics are associated with lower (or higher) exit rates from business ownership and longer ownership spells among immigrants? The analysis is limited to ownership of private incorporated firms.
Release date: 2018-01-19
13. The Relationship Between Firm Size and Age of Workforce: A Cross-industry Analysis for Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11-633-X2017010
Description:
Using an employer–employee matched dataset of administrative tax records on most Canadian firms and the full populations of their workers, this paper documents relationships between firm size, industry, and the typical ages of firms’ workforces. In particular, the paper considers both differences in levels for the calendar years 2003 to 2010 inclusive, as well as changes in the age composition of firms’ workforces over this time as observed in a longitudinal analysis.
Release date: 2017-11-09
14. Doing as Well as One’s Parents? Tracking Recent Changes in Absolute Income Mobility in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2017073
Description:
This article in the Economic Insights series provides Canadian evidence of recent changes in intergenerational income mobility in Canada. The study uses a unique Canadian database that directly links children and parents. The analysis focuses on absolute income mobility—often seen as an indicator of economic opportunity in a society.
Release date: 2017-05-23
15. Immigrant Businesses in Knowledge-based Industries Archived
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2017069
Description:
This article in the Economic Insights series describes the extent to which immigrant-owned businesses are in the ‘knowledge-based’ economy, in the more traditional ethnic economy, or in other industrial sectors. It further outlines the differences among immigrant classes (family, refugee, business and economic classes) in the types of businesses owned. The analysis focuses on two types of businesses: privately-owned incorporated companies and the unincorporated self-employed.
Release date: 2017-03-17
16. Balancing Family and Work: Transition to Self-employment Among New Mothers Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2016385
Description:
This study contributes to the debate about the role of self-employment in helping women improve family–work balance by offering Canadian evidence from a uniquely rich dataset that links individual records from the 2006 Census of Population to records from the 2011 National Household Survey. Unlike most previous studies estimating the determinants of women’s self-employment, the analysis focuses directly on transitions from wage employment to self-employment among new mothers.
Release date: 2016-11-25
17. Intergenerational Income Mobility: New Evidence from Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2016059
Description:
This Economic Insights article examines the extent to which the lifetime income of children is correlated with the lifetime income of their fathers—a topic known as intergenerational income mobility. The analysis uses data from Statistics Canada’s Intergenerational Income Database, which links together children and their parents using tax files. The data provides information that permits the comparison of the income of children to those of parents at a similar stage of the lifecycle. A longer, more detailed study is also available.
Release date: 2016-06-17
18. Intergenerational Income Transmission: New Evidence from Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2016379
Description:
Comparative studies of intergenerational earnings and income mobility largely rank Canada as one of the most mobile countries among advanced economies, such as Denmark, Finland and Norway. The assertion that Canada is a highly mobile society is drawn from intergenerational income elasticity estimates reported in Corak and Heisz (1999). Corak and Heisz used data from the earlier version of the Intergenerational Income Database (IID), which tracked income of Canadian youth only into their early thirties. Recent theoretical literature, however, suggests that the relationship between childrens’ and parents’ lifetime income may not be accurately estimated when children’s income are not observed from their mid-careers— known as lifecycle bias. The present study addresses this concern by re-examining the extent of intergenerational earnings and income mobility in Canada using the updated version of the IID, which tracks children well into their mid-forties, when mid-career income are observed.
Release date: 2016-06-17
19. Business Ownership and Employment in Immigrant-owned Firms in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2016057
Description:
This Economic Insights article addresses the extent to which immigrants contribute to economic growth. For the first time, the business ownership and job-creation activities of immigrants are addressed. A longer, more detailed study is also available.
Release date: 2016-03-21
20. Immigration, Business Ownership and Employment in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2016375
Description:
This paper provides, for the first time, an overview of immigrant business ownership and the associated job creation in Canada. This research is possible because a new dataset has been created in which the immigration status of business owners can be determined. The analysis focuses on two types of businesses: private incorporated businesses and the unincorporated self-employed. Results are presented for immigrants who have entered Canada since 1980 and who were in the country in 2010, hereafter simply referred to as immigrants in Canada. In addition, two entering cohorts of immigrants are tracked to determine the business ownership trajectory during the first 5 to 10 years in Canada.
Release date: 2016-03-21

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Date modified:: 2024-05-12