Employment and unemployment
Key indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
$1,240.183.7%
(12-month change) -
20,518,0000.1%
(monthly change)
More employment and unemployment indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
6.2%0.1 pts
(monthly change)
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85.6%
-
Percentage of immigrants in the labour force aged 25 to 54 years - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)27.7% -
11.7%
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Proportion of adults aged 25 to 54 years who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)49.8% -
Proportion of adults aged 65 years and over who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)5.9% -
99.2%
-
15.4%
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- Labour Force Survey (93)
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Results
All (632)
All (632) (510 to 520 of 632 results)
- 511. Determinants of postsecondary participation ArchivedArticles and reports: 81-003-X19980034470Geography: CanadaDescription:
In today's changing economy, government, policy organizations, and members of the business community all emphasize the importance of knowledge, skills and lifelong learning for individuals to succeed in the labour market and for the economy to grow. Postsecondary education has been targeted as one of the key vehicles for producing a labour force ready to meet the challenge of the new workplace.
Release date: 1999-03-31 - 512. Youth employment: a lesson on its decline ArchivedArticles and reports: 81-003-X19980034471Geography: CanadaDescription:
Earlier this decade, labour market conditions for young Canadians aged 15-24 deteriorated significantly. In the late 1980s, youths were more likely to be working than were adults. By 1997, only about half were employed, almost ten percentage points less than adults. Furthermore, when they did find work, youths today are more likely to be working part-time compared to adults and compared to yourths at the start of the decade, leading to reduced pay.
Release date: 1999-03-31 - 513. The Entry and Exit Dynamics of Self-employment in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M1999134Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper i) documents the extent and cyclicality of self-employment entry and exit flows; ii) explores transitions to and from self-employment; and iii) investigates the influence of individual characteristics and labour market experience as well as macroeconomic conditions on the probability of moving into or out of self-employment.
The self-employed sector now employs over two and a half million Canadian workers, has expanded on average by over 4% a year so far in this decade and accounted for over three out of every four new jobs the economy has created. There are substantial flows both into and out of self-employment over the last 15 years. Gross flows into and out of self-employment averaged nearly half a million per year between 1982 and 1994, amounting to 42% of the total self-employed population.
Regression results reveal no statistical evidence supporting the dominance of the push hypothesis over the pull hypothesis --- the notion that people are increasingly pushed into self-employment by deteriorating economic conditions. This analysis is done both through time-series analysis and the analysis of the determinants of flows into (and out of) self-employment. As in paid employment, younger Canadians are subject to higher turnover in self-employment --- they are not only more likely to enter but also substantially more likely to leave self-employment. Prior paid-employment experience and prior self-employment experience are both found to be associated with a higher likelihood of entering self-employment. The longer one is self-employed, the less likely he/she is going to leave the business. Having a spouse in business (being self-employed) substantially increases the likelihood of the other spouse becoming self-employed --- a self-employed spouse often attracts the other to either join the family business or start their own. We also find evidence that steady family income through paid-employment from one spouse increases the self-employed's (the other spouse's) affordability to continue with the business venture and hence reduces the likelihood of leaving self-employment.
Release date: 1999-03-22 - 514. Recent immigrants in the labour force ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X19980044420Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article explores the labour market experiences of recent immigrants in the 25- to 44-year age group from 1986 to 1996.
Release date: 1999-03-11 - 515. Employment Patterns in the Non-metro Workforce ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-006-X1998002Geography: CanadaDescription:
Job creation is one major focus of rural development initiatives. The purpose of this bulletin is to provide an overview of employment and unemployment patterns in the non-metro workforce. In this bulletin, we combined the rural and small town population (as defined in ANALYSIS BULLETIN No. 1) with the Census Agglomeration (CA) population to constitute the non-metro population (see "Definitions" box). Our results for the overall non-metro workforce also apply to the rural and small town component of the non-metro workforce (refer to Employment Patterns in the Non-metro Workforce {Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Agriculture and Rural Working Paper No. 35, Cat. No. 21-601-MPE98035}).
Release date: 1999-02-23 - Articles and reports: 63-016-X19980034328Geography: CanadaDescription:
To supplement the Services Indicators tables that regularly carry employment and remuneration data on six broad services industries for the most recent eight quarters, this section offers an historical overview of these same indicators, compiled annually, dating back to 1984. Employment shifts in these six industries from 1984 to 1997 are described, followed by detailed tables that quantify some aspects of services sector employment.
Release date: 1999-01-15 - 517. Estimating labour force gross flows from surveys subject to household-level nonignorable nonresponse ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X19980024349Description:
Measurement of gross flows in labour force status is an important objective of the continuing labour force surveys carried out by many national statistics agencies. However, it is well known that estimation of these flows can be complicated by nonresponse, measurement errors, sample rotation and complex design effects. Motivated by nonresponse patterns in household-based surveys, this paper focuses on estimation of labour force gross flows, while simultaneously adjusting for nonignorable nonresponse. Previous model-based approaches to gross flows estimation have assumed nonresponse to be an individual-level process. We propose a class of models that allow for nonignorable household-level nonresponse. A simulation study is used to show, that individual-level labour force gross flows estimates from household-based survey data, may be biased and that estimates using household-level models can offer a reduction in this bias.
Release date: 1999-01-14 - 518. Which workers smoke? ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X19980034139Geography: CanadaDescription: This article examines differences by occupation in daily cigarette smoking prevalence and intensity among full-time workers, and how these differences are associated with smoking restrictions at work.Release date: 1999-01-12
- 519. Work stress and health ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X19980034140Geography: CanadaDescription: This article describes work stress experienced by the employed population. It examines associations between job strain, job insecurity, physical demands, low co-worker support and low supervisor support, and four health outcomes: migraine, work injury, high blood pressure and psychological distress.Release date: 1999-01-12
- 520. Employment Stability and the Adjustment of Immigrants: An Examination of Data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics ArchivedArticles and reports: 75F0002M1998001Description:
This study addresses the labour market adjustment of immigrants in Canada and specifically, employment stability. It uses data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID).
Release date: 1998-12-30
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Analysis (632)
Analysis (632) (500 to 510 of 632 results)
- 501. Exports, GDP and jobs ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19990044757Geography: CanadaDescription:
The recent increase in exports' share of GDP has been exceptional. Imports have mirrored the trend in exports, with trade across the U.S. border being the driving force for both. Using Statistics Canada's Input-Output tables, this article explores the issue of some goods moving back and forth across the border at various stages of processing. (Adapted from an article in Canadian Economic Observer published in November 1999).
Release date: 1999-12-01 - Articles and reports: 21-004-X19990094726Geography: CanadaDescription:
The agriculture industry in Canada was built largely by immigrants. They arrived, mostly from Europe and Asia, as land grant settlers and homesteaders or as indentured or hired labour. Times have changed. Ninety percent of foreign born Canadians now live in the 15 largest cities. While many recent immigrants still work in agriculture, increasingly they are entrepreneurs who are managing businesses of significant size.
Release date: 1999-10-06 - 503. Non-profit Managers and Cross Sectoral Experience: Interviews with Canada Red Cross Society Managers ArchivedArticles and reports: 75F0002M1999006Description:
This paper explores the management development profiles of mid-to-senior level managers of the Canadian Red Cross Society.
Release date: 1999-09-27 - 504. Employment after childbirth ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19990034682Geography: CanadaDescription:
Women are an integral part of the labour market. Understanding their work patterns can help employers manage birth-related work interruptions and, in the end, retain experienced employees. This article looks at the work patterns of women who gave birth between 1993 and 1994. It examines the timing of their return to paid work following a birth, and considers the personal and job characteristics of those who returned within two years and those who did not.
Release date: 1999-09-01 - 505. Baby boom women - then and now ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19990034683Geography: CanadaDescription:
Have baby boom women had an easier path through the labour market than women a generation older or younger? This article studies the "success" of baby boom women by looking at their situation in 1977 and 1997 and comparing it with that of the preceding and succeeding generations, using four major indicators: labour force participation; full-time employment; unemployment; and full-year full-time earnings.
Release date: 1999-09-01 - Articles and reports: 63F0002X1999024Description:
In recent years, Canada's economy has continued to become more service-based. This shift is particularly evident when examining information by sector for Canada's workforce. This paper offers a descriptive historical overview of changes in employment and remuneration in the services sector during the 1984-97 period. Changes in full-time employment, part-time employment, self-employment, and average wages and salaries are noted.
As well, particular attention is devoted to shifts in these indicators for such service industries as: finance, insurance and real estate services; business services; food and beverage services; communication services; amusement and recreation services; and traveler accommodation services.
Release date: 1999-06-17 - 507. Working past age 65 ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19990024601Geography: CanadaDescription:
Increasingly, men past the traditional retirement age (65) are continuing to work. This article examines whether changes in the workplace have accompanied this trend. The variables examined include self-employment, part-time work and flexible work arrangements.
Release date: 1999-06-09 - 508. Literacy in the workplace [1994] ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19990024604Geography: CanadaDescription:
Previous studies of the job skills gap have focused on the problem of workers with literacy deficits. Yet, in terms of the costs to individuals, firms and the national economy, literacy surplus (or underemployment) is equally important. This article examines the "fit" or "mismatch" between job requirements and workers' literacy skills, profiling patterns of literacy use and under-use in the labour market. (Adapted from a report published by Statistics Canada and Human Resources Development Canada.)
Release date: 1999-06-09 - 509. An Analysis of Science and Technology Workers Deployment in the Canadian Economy, January 1999 ArchivedArticles and reports: 88F0006X1999003Description:
This paper examines the industrial distribution, and levels of unemployment of people who were educated in science and technology subjects at college, Bachelor, Master's and Ph.D. levels.
Release date: 1999-06-08 - 510. Rising Self-employment in the Midst of High Unemployment: An Empirical Analysis of Recent Developments in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M1999133Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper highlights recent developments in self-employment in Canada and explores its relationship to unemployment/full-time paid-employment. There are now two and a half million Canadians working at their own businesses, amounting to 16.2% of the total labour force or accounting for 17.8% of total employment. In the first eight years of the 1990s, self-employment on average expanded by 4.1% per year, contributing to over three out of four new jobs the economy has created. Entry and exit data demonstrate that there are substantial flows into and out of this sector of the economy. Gross flows into and out of self-employment as the main labour market activity averaged nearly half a million per year between 1982 and 1994, amounting to 42% of the total self-employed population.
The fixed-effects modelling results show a statistically significant but empirically small negative (positive) relationship between self-employment and unemployment (full-time paid- employment). This conclusion holds true across different data sources, for different time periods, for different measures and definitions, for different empirical samples, and across various estimating techniques. There is also a statistically significant but empirically small negative (positive) relationship between exits out of self-employment and unemployment (full-time paid- employment). It appears that a host of non-cyclical factors are behind the recent surge in self-employment.
Release date: 1999-04-27
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