Immigrant generations

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All (111) (60 to 70 of 111 results)

  • 61. Preparing for Success in Canada and the United States: The Determinants of Educational Attainment Among the Children of Immigrants Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2011332
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper reviews the recent research on the determinants of the educational attainment among the children of immigrants born in Canada and the United States, also known as the second generation. The focus is on the gap in educational attainment between the second and third-and-higher generations (the children of domestic-born parents), as well as the intergenerational transmission of education between immigrants and their children.

    On average, the children of immigrants have educational levels significantly above those of their counterparts in Canada with Canadian-born parents. In the U.S., educational levels are roughly the same between these two groups. In both countries, conditional on the educational attainment of the parents and location of residence, the children of immigrants attain higher levels of education than the third-and-higher generations. Parental education and residential location are major determinants of the numerically positive gap in educational attainment between the children of immigrants and the children of Canadian-born or American-born parents. However, even after accounting for these and other demographic background variables, much of the positive gap between the second generation and the third-and-higher generations remains in Canada.

    In Canada, parental education is less important as a determinant of educational attainment for the children in immigrant families than for those with Canadian-born parents. Less educated immigrant parents are more likely to see their children attain higher levels of education than are their Canadian-born counterparts.

    Outcomes vary significantly by ethnic/source region group in both countries. In the U.S., some second-generation ethnic/source region groups, such as those with Mexican, Puerto Rican and other Central/South American backgrounds, have relatively low levels of education (unadjusted data with no controls). However, conditional on background characteristics, these second-generation groups achieve higher levels than their third-and-higher-generation counterparts. In contrast, in Canada, children of the larger and increasingly numerically important immigrant groups (Chinese, South Asians, Africans, etc.) register superior educational attainment levels to those of the third-and-higher generations. This result is partly related to the high levels of parental education and of group-level 'ethnic capital' among these immigrant groups.

    Release date: 2011-02-15
  • 62. Reversal of Fortunes or Continued Success? Cohort Differences in Education and Earnings of Childhood Immigrants Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2011330
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Current knowledge about the favourable socioeconomic attainment (in education and earnings) among children of immigrants is based on the experiences of those individuals whose immigrant parents came to Canada before the 1970s. Since then, successive cohorts of adult immigrants have experienced deteriorating entry earnings. This has raised questions about whether the outcomes of their children have changed over time. This study shows that successive cohorts of childhood immigrants who arrived in Canada at age 12 or younger during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s had increasingly higher educational attainment (as measured by the share with university degrees) than their Canadian-born peers by age 25 to 34. Conditional on education and other background characteristics, male childhood immigrants who arrived in the 1960s earned less than the Canadian-born comparison group, but the two subsequent cohorts had similar earnings as the comparison group. Female childhood immigrants earned as much as the Canadian-born comparison group, except for the 1980s cohort, which earned more.

    Release date: 2011-01-25
  • 63. Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (830), Mother Tongue (4), Age Groups (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data Archived
    Table: 97-555-X2006057
    Description:

    Language data for Canada, provinces, territories, census divisions and census subdivisions are shown in this table.

    This table is part of the topic 'Language,' which presents data on the language composition of Canada, by mother tongue and other variables, as well as on languages spoken at home and knowledge of English, French and non-official languages. This topic also presents data on the language used most often at work, as well as on any other languages used at work on a regular basis, by mother tongue and other sociocultural characteristics.

    These data were collected for a 20% sample of the Canadian population. Only the data for mother tongue were collected for the entire population.

    This table can be found in the DVD-ROM: Portrait of Official-language Communities in Canada, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 92-592-XVB.

    This table is available free on the Internet, Catalogue no. 97-555-XWE2006057.

    Release date: 2009-01-22
  • 64. Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (830), Mother Tongue (4), Age Groups (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data Archived
    Table: 97-555-X2006058
    Description:

    Language data for Canada, provinces, territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations are shown in this table.

    This table is part of the topic 'Language,' which presents data on the language composition of Canada, by mother tongue and other variables, as well as on languages spoken at home and knowledge of English, French and non-official languages. This topic also presents data on the language used most often at work, as well as on any other languages used at work on a regular basis, by mother tongue and other sociocultural characteristics.

    These data were collected for a 20% sample of the Canadian population. Only the data for mother tongue were collected for the entire population.

    This table can be found in the DVD-ROM: Portrait of Official-language Communities in Canada, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 92-592-XVB.

    This table is available free on the Internet, Catalogue no. 97-555-XWE2006058.

    Release date: 2009-01-22
  • 65. Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (926), First Official Language Spoken (4), Age Groups (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data Archived
    Table: 97-555-X2006059
    Description:

    Language data for Canada, provinces, territories, census divisions and census subdivisions are shown in this table.

    This table is part of the topic 'Language,' which presents data on the language composition of Canada, by mother tongue and other variables, as well as on languages spoken at home and knowledge of English, French and non-official languages. This topic also presents data on the language used most often at work, as well as on any other languages used at work on a regular basis, by mother tongue and other sociocultural characteristics.

    These data were collected for a 20% sample of the Canadian population. Only the data for mother tongue were collected for the entire population.

    This table can be found in the DVD-ROM: Portrait of Official-language Communities in Canada, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 92-592-XVB.

    This table is available free on the Internet, Catalogue no. 97-555-XWE2006059.

    Release date: 2009-01-22
  • 66. Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (926), First Official Language Spoken (4), Age Groups (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data Archived
    Table: 97-555-X2006060
    Description:

    Language data for Canada, provinces, territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations are shown in this table.

    This table is part of the topic 'Language,' which presents data on the language composition of Canada, by mother tongue and other variables, as well as on languages spoken at home and knowledge of English, French and non-official languages. This topic also presents data on the language used most often at work, as well as on any other languages used at work on a regular basis, by mother tongue and other sociocultural characteristics.

    These data were collected for a 20% sample of the Canadian population. Only the data for mother tongue were collected for the entire population.

    This table can be found in the DVD-ROM: Portrait of Official-language Communities in Canada, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 92-592-XVB.

    This table is available free on the Internet, Catalogue no. 97-555-XWE2006060.

    Release date: 2009-01-22
  • 67. Immigrant Economic and Social Outcomes in Canada: Research and Data Development at Statistics Canada Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2008319
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The past 25 years has seen a more or less continuous deterioration in the economic outcomes for immigrants entering Canada. However, economic outcomes for second-generation Canadians (children of immigrants) are more positive, and in spite of the economic difficulties, after four years in Canada most immigrants entering in 2000 remained positive regarding their immigration decision, citing the freedom, safety, rights, security and prospects for the future as the aspects they appreciate most in Canada. This paper reviews what we know about the economic deterioration, and the possible reasons behind it, in particular based on the research conducted at Statistics Canada. It also outlines the data development undertaken by Statistics Canada and its policy department partners to support increased research of this topic. From 2002 to 2008, Statistics Canada released 64 research articles on the above topics, and others related to immigration. The research suggests that through the 1980s and 1990s three factors were associated with the deterioration in economic outcomes: (1) the changing mix of source regions and related issues such as language and school quality, (2) declining returns to foreign experience, and (3) the deterioration in economic outcomes for all new labour market entrants, of which immigrants are a special case. After 2000, the reasons appear to be different, and are associated more with the dramatic increase in the number of engineers and information technology (IT) workers entering Canada, and the IT economic downturn. Data also suggest that, by and large, Canadians continue to see immigration as an important part of the development of Canada and that they continue to support it. The paper reviews Statistics Canada research that indicates that economic outcomes for most second-generation Canadians remain very positive. Finally, there is a discussion of the interaction between immigration and social cohesion in Canada, and possible reasons as to why we have not seen the discontent with immigration policy in Canada that has been observed in some European countries.

    Release date: 2008-12-16
  • 68. Ethnic Origin (101), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (309), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data Archived
    Table: 97-564-X2006007
    Description:

    This table presents selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics focusing on ethnic origins.

    Release date: 2008-12-09
  • 69. Immigrant Status and Place of Birth (38), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8A), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (277), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data Archived
    Table: 97-564-X2006008
    Description:

    This table presents selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics focusing on immigration status and period of immigration.

    Release date: 2008-12-09
  • 70. Population Groups (28), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (309), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data Archived
    Table: 97-564-X2006009
    Description:

    This table presents selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics focusing on population groups.

    Release date: 2008-12-09
Data (78)

Data (78) (0 to 10 of 78 results)

  • 1. All languages spoken at home by mother tongue, knowledge of official languages and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts
    Table: 98-10-0617-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Mother tongue (241), Knowledge of official languages (5), Generation status (4), Age (12), Gender (3), All languages spoken at home (11)
    Description: Data on all languages spoken at home by mother tongue, knowledge of official languages, generation status, age and gender for the population in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts.
    Release date: 2023-06-21
  • 2. Mother tongue by generation status and number of languages known: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts
    Table: 98-10-0364-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Mother tongue (241), Number of languages known (11), Age (12), Gender (3), Statistics (3), Generation status (4)
    Description: Data on mother tongue by generation status, number of languages known, age and gender for the population in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts.
    Release date: 2023-06-21
  • 3. Visible minority by income and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts
    Table: 98-10-0331-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Income statistics (17), Generation status (4), Highest certificate, diploma or degree (16), Age (15B), Gender (3), Statistics (3), Visible minority (15)
    Description: Data on visible minority by income, generation status, highest certificate, diploma or degree, age and gender for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and parts.
    Release date: 2023-05-10
  • 4. Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0341-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Ethnic or cultural origin (530), Religion (25), Age (15C), Gender (3), Single and multiple ethnic or cultural origin responses (3), Generation status (4)
    Description: Data on religion by ethnic or cultural origin, generation status, age and gender for the population in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and parts.
    Release date: 2023-05-10
  • 5. Highest level of education by census year, visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations
    Table: 98-10-0429-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (15), Statistics (2A), Gender (3a), Age (15A), Visible minority (15), Generation status (4), Census year (4)
    Description: Historical Census data (2006, 2011, 2016 and 2021) on highest certificate, diploma or degree of visible minority groups, including percentages.
    Release date: 2022-12-09
  • 6. Highest level of education by major field of study, visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0431-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (16), Gender (3), Age (15A), Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 (63), Visible minority (15), Generation status (4), Statistics (2A)
    Description: Overview of educational characteristics of visible minority groups (with generation status), with percent distribution of highest certificate, diploma or degree.
    Release date: 2022-11-30
  • 7. Occupation (STEM and non-STEM) by visible minority, generation status, age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts
    Table: 98-10-0454-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Occupation - STEM and non-STEM - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 (25A), Generation status (4), Age (15A), Gender (3), Statistics (3), Visible minority (15)
    Description: Data on the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) variant of the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 version 1.0 by visible minority, generation status, age and gender.
    Release date: 2022-11-30
  • 8. Generation status by languages spoken at home and mother tongue: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0321-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Language spoken most often at home (241), Other language(s) spoken regularly at home (10), Generation status (4), Age (8D), Gender (3), Statistics (3), Mother tongue (9)
    Description: Data on generation status by mother tongue, languages spoken at home, age and gender for the population in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and parts.
    Release date: 2022-10-26
  • 9. Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts
    Table: 98-10-0324-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Population group (87), Generation status (4), Age (15C), Statistics (3), Visible minority (15)
    Description: Data on visible minority and population group by generation status for the population in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and parts.
    Release date: 2022-10-26
  • 10. Visible minority by mother tongue and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0325-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Mother tongue (234), Visible minority (15), Generation status (4), Age (15C), Gender (3), Statistics (3), Single and multiple mother tongue responses (3)
    Description: Data on visible minority by mother tongue, generation status, age and gender for the population in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and parts.
    Release date: 2022-10-26
Analysis (29)

Analysis (29) (0 to 10 of 29 results)

  • 1. Recent immigrants report greater difficulty making ends meet and are less satisfied with their amount of free time
    Stats in brief: 11-001-X202417037886
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2024-06-18
  • 2. Changing demographics of racialized people in Canada
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300800001
    Description: In the past few decades, the number of racialized people in Canada has increased at a much faster rate than the population as a whole. This article uses data from the 2001 and 2021 censuses of population to examine population growth and changing demographics of racialized people. The study presents new data for 11 subgroups of the racialized population, their generational composition and changes in their share of people with a mixed racialized–White identity.
    Release date: 2023-08-23
  • 3. Poverty persists among some racialized Canadians from the first generation to the third generation or more
    Stats in brief: 11-001-X202323537544
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2023-08-23
  • 4. Immigrant and second-generation entrepreneurs in Canada: An intergenerational comparison of business ownership
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100900003
    Description:

    Entrepreneurship and businesses ownership are important aspects of the economic contribution of immigrants. Much is known regarding the high self-employment rates and other characteristics of immigrant entrepreneurs. However, very little is known about the based wage disparity, including gender-related biases in career advancement. Using new content developed in the 2016 General Social Survey (GSS Cycle 30): Canadians at Work and Home, this study investigates the possible existence and magnitude of gender-related biases in career advancement that may prevent women from advancing in their careers.

    Release date: 2021-09-22
  • 5. Toronto – A data Story on Ethnocultural Diversity and Inclusion in Canada Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-631-X2019002
    Geography: Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    This presentation on Ethnocultural Diversity and Inclusion in Canada shows an overview of the evolution of ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic diversity and its measurement in Canada, with a focus on one of the country’s largest metropolitan areas: Toronto. It also outlines the inherent challenges and opportunities embedded in the measurement of diversity and highlights some of the very real socio-economic disparities observed on the road to inclusiveness and integration.

    Release date: 2019-07-03
  • 6. Vancouver – A data Story on Ethnocultural Diversity and Inclusion in Canada Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-631-X2019004
    Geography: Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    This presentation on Ethnocultural Diversity and Inclusion in Canada shows an overview of the evolution of ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic diversity and its measurement in Canada, with a focus on one of the country’s largest metropolitan areas: Vancouver. It also outlines the inherent challenges and opportunities embedded in the measurement of diversity and highlights some of the very real socio-economic disparities observed on the road to inclusiveness and integration.

    Release date: 2019-05-10
  • 7. Montréal – A data story on Ethnocultural Diversity and Inclusion in Canada Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-631-X2019001
    Geography: Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    This presentation on Ethnocultural Diversity and Inclusion in Canada shows an overview of the evolution of ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic diversity and its measurement in Canada, with a focus on one of the country’s largest metropolitan areas: Montréal.

    It also outlines the inherent challenges and opportunities embedded in the measurement of diversity and highlights some of the very real socio-economic disparities observed on the road to inclusiveness and integration.

    Release date: 2019-04-11
  • 8. Diversity of the Black population in Canada: An overview Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-657-X2019002
    Description:

    The Black population in Canada is widely diverse and has a long and rich history. This publication outlines the demographic and diversity of this population. It contains a mix of tables, charts and maps, as well as short descriptive analysis of census data on some key topics related to the Black population, including gender, age structure, place of birth/generation status, immigration, ethnic origins, languages and geographical highlights.

    Release date: 2019-02-27
  • 9. Ethnic and cultural origins of Canadians: Portrait of a rich heritage
    Stats in brief: 98-200-X2016016
    Description:

    This Census in Brief article examines the ethnic and cultural origins of the Canadian population and provides an overview of its composition by generation status. It also covers the reporting of multiple ethnic origins.

    Release date: 2017-10-25
  • 10. Study: Patterns and determinants of immigrants’ sense of belonging to Canada and their source country 1980 to 2012 Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-001-X201629215302
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2016-10-18
Reference (4)

Reference (4) ((4 results))

  • 1. Ethnic or cultural origins: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census
    Notices and consultations: 98-20-00022020001
    Description:

    The 2019 Census Test included three different versions of a question on ethnic or cultural origins. This paper summarizes the results of the 2019 Census Test and, using these results, provides the rationale for modifying the question on ethnic or cultural origins.

    Release date: 2020-07-20
  • 2. Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011 Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 99-010-X2011008
    Description:

    This reference guide provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS). This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, classifications, data quality and comparability to other sources. Additional information is included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the NHS.

    Release date: 2013-05-08
  • 3. Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, 2006 Census Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 97-557-P2006003
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This guide focuses on the following demographic variables: Place of birth, Generation status, Citizenship and Immigration.

    Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

    Release date: 2008-01-09
  • 4. National Household Survey
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 5178
    Description: Complementing the data collected by the census, the National Household Survey (NHS) is designed to provide information about people in Canada by their demographic, social and economic characteristics. In October 2014, Statistics Canada will be conducting a voluntary test in selected locations to evaluate the processes, procedures and systems that will be used for the 2016 Census Program. This ensures that quality data are available in 2016 to support a wide variety of programs.
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