Education and labour market outcomes

Description: Labour market outcomes of postsecondary graduates, employment status, annual earnings, work placements, by province of residence at interview, level and field of study and gender.

Description: Several factors may have contributed to the improved labour market outcomes for recent immigrants since the mid-2010s, such as the expansion of the two-step immigration selection process and the introduction of the Express Entry system in 2015. This article presents updated analyses regarding the employment and earnings outcomes of recent immigrants. It also discusses factors that might influence these outcomes in the near term.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by Indigenous and Non-Indigenous population, educational attainment and age group, last 5 years.

Description: Investing in a postsecondary education is one of the most important decisions made by people over their lifetime. Understanding the potential outcomes associated with specific postsecondary academic programs may help inform young people, but most of the available information focuses on earnings. While important, earnings say little about what postsecondary graduates are likely to do in their career, which may factor heavily in their decision-making process. This article presents the most prevalent jobs held by graduates of Canadian bachelor’s degree programs aged 25 to 34 using the 2021 Census of Population.

Description: Data on labour force status including employment, unemployment and labour force participation rates by occupation TEER (Training, Education, Experience and Responsibility) category, mobility status 5 years ago, highest level of education, age and gender, for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, and census divisions.

Description: Data on employment income statistics by industry groups (4-digit code) from the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017, visible minority, highest level of education, work activity during the reference year, age and gender, for the population aged 15 years and over who reported weeks worked and employment income in 2020 in private households in Canada, provinces and territories.

Description: Distribution of the population aged 15 to 29, non-students and students by type of institution attended, by age and labour force status, Canada. This table is included in Section E: Transitions and outcomes: Transitions to the labour market, of the Pan Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). PCEIP draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, and labour market outcomes. The program presents indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. PCEIP is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

Description: Employment income of visible minority groups by educational characteristics, including location of study.

Description: Detailed occupational distribution by detailed field of study, for provinces and territories.

Description: Data on Indigenous populations with high school diploma or equivalency certificate, and combinations of high school and trades/college credentials, for cities.

Description: Employment, unemployment and labour force participation rates of Indigenous populations by educational characteristics, for cities.

Description: Employment income of Indigenous populations by educational characteristics, for census divisions and municipalities.

Description: Number of people in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math and computer science) and BHASE (non-STEM) fields of study who worked in STEM, STEM-related or non-STEM occupations.

Description: Detailed occupational distribution by detailed field of study, with percentages.

Description: Detailed occupational distribution, by STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math and computer science) and BHASE (non-STEM) fields of study, with percentages.

Description: Detailed labour market outcomes by educational characteristics, including detailed occupation, hours and weeks worked and employment income.

Description: Data on Indigenous populations (including data on reserves and Inuit Nunangat) with high school diploma or equivalency certificate, and combinations of high school and trades/college credentials.

Description: Employment, unemployment and labour force participation rates of Indigenous populations (including data on reserves and Inuit Nunangat) by educational characteristics, for Canada, provinces and territories.

Description: Data on employment income (in 2019 and 2020) of Indigenous populations by educational characteristics, for cities.

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This is one of four fact sheets in a series using Statistics Canada data sources relating to the education and training of workers in health and related occupations. Using the 2005 National Graduates Survey (NGS) (Class of 2000), this fact sheet provides information on the proportion of new health graduates entering health professions during the five years following graduation and on the proportion finding employment in other sectors of the economy.

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This is one of four fact sheets in a series using Statistics Canada data sources relating to the education and training of workers in health and related occupations. Using the 2007 National Graduates Survey (NGS) (Class of 2005), this fact sheet provides information on the interprovincial mobility (mobility to study and mobility after graduation) of graduates of programs leading to health and health-related occupations.

Description:

This is one of four fact sheets in a series using Statistics Canada data sources relating to the education and training of workers in health and related occupations. Using the 2005 National Graduates Survey (NGS) (Class of 2000), this fact sheet provides information on the retention of health graduates within health occupations five years after graduation.

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This is one of four fact sheets in a series using major Statistics Canada data sources relating to the education and training of workers in health and related occupations. This fact sheet provides information on the evolution over time of the career aspirations of two groups of youth who were part of the longitudinal Youth in Transition Survey. It also examines whether expectations translated into corresponding educational paths and matching careers outcomes.

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This report describes the educational experiences, labour market outcomes and financing of higher education of recent graduates for Canadian postsecondary education institutions using data from the 2007 National Graduates Survey (Class of 2005). The first section describes the characteristics of graduates from college, bachelor, master and doctorate level programs. The second section focuses on experiences after graduation including pursuing further education and labour market activities. Section three presents information on the financing of postsecondary education, its relation to education level and labour market outcomes. The final section focuses on co-operative education and international studies and their relationship with labour market outcomes and student debt.

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Considerable research effort has been devoted to understanding earnings differences between immigrant and Canadian-born workers. Previous studies have established that immigrants typically earn less than Canadian-born workers with the same amount of education and work experience. The low earnings of immigrants are often attributed to the specificity of human capital to the country where it originates - in other words, education or work experience in the country of origin cannot be directly transferred to the host country, resulting in well qualified immigrants holding low paying jobs. Another possibility is that employers in the host country discriminate against immigrants. This paper uses data from the Canadian component of the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS), which includes both standard demographic and labour market information for the Canadian born and immigrants and results from tests of literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills, to investigate these issues. Interpreting the test scores as direct measurements of cognitive skills, the authors provide a closer examination of explanations for low immigrant earnings than has previously been possible. In addition, the data include more precise information on where education was obtained and age of migration than is available in most previous studies, further enabling scrutiny of immigrant-Canadian born earnings differentials.

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This article uses the first three cycles of the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) to ask the question: are there any differences in early labour market outcomes following postsecondary graduation for young adults who took a break of more than four months between finishing high school and starting postsecondary studies compared to those who went straight on to postsecondary education? Results suggest that taking time off between high school graduation and postsecondary studies affects university and college educated young adults differently. Moreover, what matters most is not whether youth had delayed starting a postsecondary program following high school graduation, but rather whether they went to a postsecondary program and saw it through to completion. Meanwhile, pertinent background factors include grade-point average, parental education and sex.

Description:

This study 'maps' the various pathways that young people have taken from high school through to regular participation in the labour market. It links this transition to important background characteristics, in addition to highlighting the pathways that lead to successful transitions to employment.

The study uses data from the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) for 2004. YITS is a longitudinal survey that first collected data from two age groups of youth in the first cycle of the survey in 2000. One group began its participation at age 15 (Cohort A) and the other at ages 18 to 20 (Cohort B); the focus of the analysis is on the second group. Both cohorts were asked to provide a range of information on their education and employment experiences as well as information on their personal characteristics including, for example, their educational aspirations.

The first follow-up interview with the YITS participants took place in early 2002 when youth were interviewed for a second time. At that time, Cohort B participants were between the ages of 20 to 22. The second follow-up interview took place in 2004, for the reference period December 2003, when Cohort B participants were ages 22 to 24.

This report builds on the basic pathway descriptions of non-students in December 2003 by first determining the major factors that help predict who follows which path. Following this, we turn our attention to studying how these pathways relate to 'success' in the labour market. Specifically, the report is organized as follows:

Chapter 2 analyzes how background factors predict which school-to-labour market path young adults aged 22 to 24 passed through by December 2003; these background factors are for the most part static categories that do not change (for example, sex, age, ethnicity, parental education, etc.).

Chapter 3 introduces various 'intervening' factors measured during high school (for example, grade-point average, working in high school, etc.). These factors are thought to be important for possibly mediating the effect of the prior background measures on predicting the school-to-work transitions.

Chapter 4 shifts the focus of the analysis from looking at predictors of the school-to-work pathways to using the pathways as an indicator of labour market outcomes. In this chapter, we are able to determine whether certain paths are more or less successful for employment, as well as landing respondents 'good' jobs, defined in terms of earnings and level of job satisfaction. We are also able to determine in which occupation they worked during December 2003.

Chapter 5, the concluding chapter, synthesizes the findings and analysis.

Description:

This paper models earnings of male and female Bachelor's graduates in Canada five years after graduation. Using a university fixed-effect approach, the research finds evidence of significant (fixed) variations in earnings among graduates from different universities. Within universities, changes over time in various characteristics are correlated with changes in graduates' earnings. Increases in undergraduate enrollment are associated with declines in subsequent earnings for graduates, suggesting crowding out. For men, but not women, increases in the professor - student ratio are associated with meaningful gains in students' subsequent earnings. Models that do not condition on a student's major show increased effects of changes in a university's characteristics, with estimated effects rising up to almost two-fold. For women in particular, changes in several university characteristics are strongly associated with changes in women's choice of major. Changes in university characteristics are not strongly related to the probability of employment five years after graduation.

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Between 1980 and 2000, and particularly the latter half of the 1990s, the earnings gap widened between young workers who were less-educated and those who were well-educated. Some research attributes the gap to technological change, which requires a workforce that is more skilled and better educated. The subsequent demand resulted in higher wages for such workers and hence increased returns to education. However, the past five years have seen strong job growth in industries that employ many young people with less education. How has the earnings gap been affected?

Description: These reference guides are intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The guide provides an overview of the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) and the Registered Apprenticeship Information System (RAIS), the general methodology used to create longitudinal indicators, and important technical information for users.

Description:

This technical reference guide (updated to include the 2022 datasets) is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group and gender for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group and sex for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group and gender for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group and sex for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this release are derived from integrating the Registered Apprenticeship Information System (RAIS) 2008 to 2017 data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of indicators on educational pathways and labour market outcomes for registered apprentices by select trades, cohorts of apprentices, by sex, for Canada, all provinces, the Atlantic region, and for grouped territories.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group and sex for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this release are derived from integrating the Registered Apprenticeship Information System (RAIS) with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of indicators on educational pathways and labour market outcomes for registered apprentices by select trades, cohorts of apprentices, by sex, for Canada, all provinces, the Atlantic region, and for grouped territories.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group and sex for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.

Description:

The paper will show how, using data published by Statistics Canada and available from member libraries of the CREPUQ, a linkage approach using postal codes makes it possible to link the data from the outcomes file to a set of contextual variables. These variables could then contribute to producing, on an exploratory basis, a better index to explain the varied outcomes of students from schools. In terms of the impact, the proposed index could show more effectively the limitations of ranking students and schools when this information is not given sufficient weight.