Economic accounts

Description: Economic and Social Reports includes in-depth research, brief analyses, and current economic updates on a variety of topics, such as labour, immigration, education and skills, income mobility, well-being, aging, firm dynamics, productivity, economic transitions, and economic geography. All the papers are institutionally reviewed and the research and analytical papers undergo peer review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate as a governmental statistical agency and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

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Data on the activities of Canadian and foreign multinational enterprises in Canada, for example the number of jobs, assets, operating revenues, international merchandise trade or gross domestic product, as a share of the Canadian economy.

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Data on the activities of foreign multinational enterprises in Canada, for example the number of jobs, assets, operating revenues, international merchandise trade or gross domestic product, by immediate and ultimate investor country.

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Labour productivity and related measures by business sector industry and by non-commercial activity consistent with the industry accounts, provinces and territories, annual.

Description: Labour statistics by job category, for Canada, the provinces and territories, annual.

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This table presents data for the current year and previous 4 years on labour statistics by job category, for Canada, the provinces and territories, annually, by total number of jobs.

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This table presents data for the current year and previous 4 years on labour statistics by job category, for Canada, the provinces and territories, annually, by total number of jobs.

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This table presents data for the current year and previous 4 years on labour statistics by job category, for Canada, the provinces and territories, annually, by total number of jobs.

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This table presents data for the current year and previous 4 years on labour statistics by job category, for Canada, the provinces and territories, annually, by total number of jobs.

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Monthly data on Canada's international transactions securities in foreign bonds cover sales, purchases and net flows by currency of issue.

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Monthly data on Canada's international transactions in securities in loans under repurchase agreements. Transactions are available for sales, purchases and net flows by assets and liabilities and type of instrument.

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Monthly data of Canada's international investment position on foreign portfolio investment in Canadian bonds and Canadian money market instruments, at book value and market value. Positions are available by remaining maturity and sector.

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Monthly data on Canada's international investment position, foreign portfolio investment in Canadian bonds and Canadian money market instruments, by currency, by sector, at book value and market value.

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This table contains 28 series, with data for years 1991 - 2017 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada);  Type of instrument (2 items: Canadian bonds; Canadian money market instruments);  Geographic region (7 items: All countries; United States; United Kingdom; Other European Union countries; ...);  Valuation (2 items: Book value; Market value).

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Monthly data on international transactions in securities, net portfolio transactions in Canadian equity and investment fund shares by type of instrument, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

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Monthly data on international investment position, foreign portfolio investment in Canadian equity and investment fund shares by type of instrument, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), at market value.

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Monthly credit aggregates for the household sector, by category.

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Monthly credit aggregates for the private non-financial corporations sector, by category.

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Monthly credit aggregates for the assets of the financial corporation sector, by category.

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This paper reports on the update to 2005 of the Human Resource Module (HRM) of the Tourism Satellite Account developed by Statistics Canada. The HRM provides detailed information on employment related to tourism. Information on wages and salaries, number of jobs and hours worked by occupation are included. Occupational data is further disaggregated by age, gender and immigration status. This study provides a resource for training and planning for tourism.

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The productivity slowdown during 2006 largely originated in the mining and manufacturing industries. The drop in mining was part of a long-term trend, while for manufacturing it was mostly cyclical. Many sectors struggled with labour quality as a result of shortages, especially in western Canada.

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This note presents background and notes on the treatment in the National Accounts, including the Balance of Payments, of transactions resulting from the Softwood Lumber Agreement between Canada and the United States that was signed in October of 2006. Due to the unique nature of these transactions the note explains how funds were transacted and treated in various accounts of Canadian macro economic accounts.

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A guide to the pitfalls of using the federal sector of the Provincial Accounts in assessing which provinces benefit the most from federal activities.

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The latest annual results for the US/Canada purchasing power parities (PPPs) and real expenditure indexes in the US compared with Canada are published in this paper for the period 1992 to 2005. Revisions to previously published data and an update using the latest US and Canada expenditure data from the National Accounts and in-depth price comparisons for 2002 are incorporated, and a new type-of-product presentation is included. The paper provides a primer on purchasing power parities and related measures and why they are important in international comparisons of economic performance.

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Productivity statistics garner much attention because they are key indicators of economic progress. This paper reports on the average growth in provincial labour productivity from 1997 to 2005. It examines how medium-term differences in productivity growth have affected the relative levels of labour productivity in different provinces. The data show that the relative position of most provinces has remained fairly stable over the 1997-to-2005 period when benchmarked against changes in the national average. The notable exception is Newfoundland and Labrador, which experienced much stronger average productivity growth during this period than other provinces. This growth substantially improved its relative labour productivity when evaluated in real terms.

The paper also examines the effect that a second factor - changes in the prices received for products - has had on nominal productivity differences between provinces. The data show that the resource-rich provinces of Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador have benefited substantially from higher relative prices.

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This paper employs the databases that are used to construct Statistics Canada's Productivity Accounts to examine the sources of growth in the Canadian economy and the history of productivity growth in Canada over the period 1961 to 2002. It makes use of a new time series using the North American Industry Classification System. The growth accounting system provides the framework for the analysis. This framework provides estimates of the relative importance of labour inputs, investments in capital, and productivity growth. The data that are required to address this issue also allow changes in the composition of capital and labour inputs to be investigated. In addition, the underlying factors that determine labour productivity (multifactor productivity, capital deepening, and increases in skill level) are outlined. Since the database is constructed at the industry level, all these relationships can be pursued both at the level of the total economy and for individual industries.

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Since 2002, the trade surplus has been buttressed by high prices for energy and metals, the only areas where exports were growing. Falling exports and strong domestic demand has reduced the trade balance in all other sectors, notably autos and consumer investment goods.

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This paper investigates the extent to which productivity growth is the result of firm turnover as output is shifted from one firm to another, driven by the competitive process. Turnover occurs as some firms gain market share and others lose it. Some of the resulting turnover is due to entry and exit. Another part arises from growth and decline in incumbent continuing firms. This paper proposes a method for measuring the impact of firm turnover on productivity growth and shows that it is far more important than many previous empirical studies have concluded. It argues that firm turnover associated with competition is the main source of aggregate labour productivity growth in Canadian manufacturing industries.

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Alberta's 4-year old surge, driven by the energy sector, is unprecedented in Canadian economic history. An in-depth look at the consequences of this growth, especially for its labour market, the tightest in North America.

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This Canadian Tourism Satellite Account Handbook developed by Statistics Canada is intended as a guide to how the Canadian Tourism Satellite Account (CTSA) is compiled. The Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) has become the internationally recognized framework and a vital tool by which to measure tourism activity in an economy. The goal of this handbook is to make the CTSA and its inner workings as transparent as possible by bringing previous internal documentation into the public realm along side previously published documents and new documentation. By sharing the Canadian practical experiences in development of the TSA, it should benefit other countries and other interested practitioners in the process of developing and understanding TSAs.

This handbook covers information on the relevant tourism and national accounting concepts and definitions related to the CTSA. Detailed explanations of the various survey data sources and the methods used to move this data into the TSA framework are discussed.

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The Canadian Productivity Accounts (CPA) of Statistics Canada maintain two multifactor productivity (MFP) programs.

The Major Sector Multifactor Productivity Program develops the indexes of MFP for the total business sector and major industry groups in the business sector.

The Industry Multifactor Productivity Program or the Industry KLEMS Productivity Program develops the industry productivity database that includes MFP indexes, output, capital (K), labour (L), energy (E), materials (M) and services (S) inputs for the individual industries of the business sector at various levels of industry aggregation. This paper describes the methodologies and data sources that are used to construct the major sector MFP indexes and the industry productivity database (or the KLEMS database). More specifically, this paper is meant to:provide a background of the major sector MFP program and the industry KLEMS productivity program;present the methodology for measuring MFP;describe the data sources and data available from the MFP programs;present a quality rating of the industry KLEMS productivity data; anddescribe the research agenda related to the MFP program.

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Effective with the 2006 Provincial Economic Accounts release on November 8, 2007, the expenditure-based gross domestic product (GDP) will be converted to a 2002 reference year for its volume and price estimates.

On October 31, 2007, the monthly gross domestic product (GDP) by industry estimates will use the North American Industry Classification System, NAICS 2002, and will convert to reference year 2002 for its volume estimates.

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This paper examines the various products associated with the quarterly labour productivity program. It outlines the nature of the volatility in the very short-run estimates and examines properties of the revisions made to the estimates of Canadian labour productivity and its components (gross domestic product and hours worked) since the inception of the program in 2001.

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How does one summarize a lifetime of professional accomplishment? In some instances, one good way is to compile a book, as we have done here. This volume brings together in one place the substantial number of papers written by Kishori Lal during his lengthy career as a national accounts statistician at Statistics Canada.

Kishori's papers cover a range of subject matter, responding to the twisting current of events through parts of five decades. They have one thing in common: All of the papers focus on one or another aspect of the development of Canada's System of National Accounts. Kishori believes deeply in and is utterly devoted to that system. It grew and evolved quite radically during Kishori's long career. The changes Canada's SNA went through followed closely, or in some cases led the development of the international SNA standard. He has left his mark indelibly on both.

The advent of the 1993 SNA gave the impetus for several papers. These examined the implications of the new standard for Canada's national accounts and explored issues associated with its practical implementation in the 1997 historical revision. 'Production' was always a central focus of his work and many of the papers in this volume consider aspects of Canada's input-output accounts. Over the years he also turned his attention to several specific production measurement issues, such as the treatment of 'financial intermediation services indirectly measured' (FISIM) and inventory change. International comparisons were a special interest. Indeed one of his best papers, written in the year before he retired, contrasted the United States national accounts with the Canadian accounts. This detailed and authoritative paper was widely acclaimed south as well as north of the border. Subsequently the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicated they intended to prepare a similar paper, extending the comparison to include the Australian national accounts, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in Paris asked if they could publish Kishori's work to give the study even wider exposure.

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The National Tourism Indicators will be revised back to 2001 and their volume and price estimates converted to a 2002 reference year, effective June 29, 2007.

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The expenditure-based gross domestic product (GDP) and associated components will be converted to a 2002 reference year for its volume and price estimates, effective May 31, 2007.

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This paper examines the effects of alternative specifications of the user costs of capital on the estimated price and volume indices of capital services. It asks how sensitive the results are to the use of exogenous versus endogenous rates of return, to alternate ways of including capital gains, and to whether corrections are made for tax rates. The paper also examines the effect of the various user cost formulae on the measured multifactor productivity growth.

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This paper generates depreciation profiles for a diverse set of assets based on patterns of resale prices and retirements. In doing so, it explores the sensitivity of estimates of the growth in capital stock and capital services to alternate estimates of depreciation.

In the first instance, survival analysis techniques are used to estimate changes in valuation of assets over the course of their service life. In the second instance, a two-step procedure is utilized that first estimates the discard function for used assets (assets discarded at zero prices) and then uses the resulting estimates to correct for selection bias that arises when just positive used-asset prices are employed to estimate age-price profiles to produce depreciation rates. For the third method, a discard function and an asset efficiency function are jointly specified and estimated.

These three different methods produce depreciation profiles that follow convex patterns. Accelerated profiles are apparent for many individual assets in the machinery and equipment and structures classes.

We also compare the ex post estimates of length of life that are based on outcomes to ex ante expected lives and find they are much the same. We therefore choose ex ante lives along with information from the ex post rates on the rate of decline in an asset's value to generate a set of depreciation rates for use in the productivity accounts.

We then use our depreciation model to produce estimates of the growth in capital stock and capital services over the 1961 to 1996 period. We find that the resulting estimates of capital stock and capital services are quite similar to those previously produced.

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This paper provides a brief description of the methodology currently used to produce the annual volume of hours worked consistent with the System of National Accounts (SNA). These data are used for labour input in the annual and quarterly measures of labour productivity, as well as in the annual measures of multifactor productivity. For this purpose, hours worked are broken down by educational level and age group, so that changes in the composition of the labour force can be taken into account. They are also used to calculate hourly compensation and the unit labour cost and for simulations of the SNA Input-Output Model; as such, they are integrated as labour force inputs into most SNA satellite accounts (i.e., environment, tourism).