Business performance and ownership

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A scorecard of the latest economic and financial data.

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This paper seeks to investigate enterprise dynamics in terms of employment in Canada. The tracking of changes in enterprise size over time can provide a useful overview of the trend in the performance of both the enterprises and the economy as a whole.

Using the Entrepreneurship Indicators Database for the years 2008 and 2014, this study divides enterprises into nine class sizes based on the number of employees. Then, enterprises that were active in 2008 with one or more employees were tracked to see in which size class they were in 2014. The analysis is based on an approach that consists of building transition matrices using enterprise size classes.

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This table contains 4 series, with data for years 1952 - 2017 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada);  Distribution by type of holder (4 items: General public, estimated distribution, residents; General public, estimated distribution, non-residents; Total Government of Canada loans and securities held by non-residents; Drawings under stand-by facilities and United States-pay Canada bills).

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Canadian business counts, location counts with employees, by employment size ranges and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), Canada and provinces, December 2017.

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Canadian business counts, location counts without employees, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), Canada and provinces, December 2017.

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It is well established that, in most Western countries, rates of small-business ownership tend to be higher among immigrants than among the native-born. In Canada, the overall shares of taxfilers who owned a private incorporated business in 2010 were similar for immigrants (4.6%) and the Canadian-born (4.8%). However, the rate of business ownership was substantially higher (5.8%) among immigrants who had been in Canada for 10 to 30 years. Much less is known about exit and survival patterns of immigrant-owned businesses as there is only a small body of international literature on this topic and little Canadian evidence. This paper addresses this gap by answering two questions. First, do exit and survival patterns (durations) of firm ownership differ between immigrants and individuals born in Canada? Second, what characteristics are associated with lower (or higher) exit rates from business ownership and longer ownership spells among immigrants? The analysis is limited to ownership of private incorporated firms.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

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The paper investigates recent changes in the importance of foreign ownership in Canadian manufacturing in the 2000s, and also compares these changes to those in the previous decades from 1973 to 1999. The importance of foreign firms in manufacturing is measured by the share of output under foreign control, and its changes are examined at different levels: aggregate, sector and industry.

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Output growth in Canadian manufacturing was slower in the 2000s than in the 1990s. The sector’s real output declined, in contrast to an overall increase in output in the business sector (Clarke and Couture 2017). It fell rapidly during the 2007-to-2009 financial crisis, and returned to its pre-crisis level only in 2016. The market share of foreign-controlled firms also declined after 2000 (Baldwin and Li 2017).

This paper examines the role of multinationals and reallocation in productivity growth in the Canadian manufacturing sector for the period from 2001 to 2010, a period of significant change in this sector. It contributes to the literature on several fronts. First, it complements the literature by examining productivity growth at the firm level. This paper also seeks to examine whether the decline that started around 2006 was associated with changes in the effect of reallocation and the role of foreign multinationals in aggregate productivity growth.

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With Canadian companies increasingly engaged in the global economy there is a growing demand for more detailed information on their international activities to better understand how Canadian businesses are expanding internationally and what the benefits and consequences are for Canada.

Description: Aspects that improved the ability of business or organization to operate efficiently over the last 12 months, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2024.

Description: Strategies or initiatives being considered to improve performance or efficiency over the next 12 months, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2024.

Description: Reasons why business or organization is not considering any strategies to improve performance or efficiency, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2024.

Description: Technologies the business or organization plans to adopt or incorporate over the next 12 months, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2024.

Description: Challenges faced by business or organization when adopting or incorporating technologies, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2024.

Description: Reasons business or organization does not plan to adopt any new technologies over the next 12 months, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2024.

Description: Use of artificial intelligence (AI) by businesses and organizations in producing goods or delivering services over the last 12 months, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2024.

Description: Extent to which artificial intelligence (AI) has reduced tasks previously performed by employees and the impact of AI use on total employment, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2024.

Description: Changes made by business or organization when using artificial intelligence (AI) to produce goods or deliver services, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2024.

Description: New or significantly improved goods or services brought onto the market from 2020 to 2023, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2024.

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This study investigates differences in the policies being pursued by innovative and non-innovative firms. It focuses on a broad group of strategies -- in marketing, finance, production, management and human resources and asks whether there are key areas in which the strategies being followed by innovative and non-innovative firms differ. It also asks how the activities of firms in each of these areas differs. Finally, it compares the performance of innovative and non-innovative firms. The study finds that innovative firms place a greater emphasis on management, human resources, marketing, financing, government programs and services, and production efficiencies. In most of these areas, innovative firms pursue activities more intensively. Finally, innovative firms are more successful than non-innovative firms.

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This study examines the differences in strategies and activities pursued by a sample of more-successful and less-successful group of growing small- and medium-sized enterprises. Amongst other matters, it examines different functional strategies -- the importance of management, human resource practices, marketing, financing, and the innovativeness of the firm. Innovative activities are the most important determinants of success; that is, for a wide range of industries, they serve to discriminate between the more- and the less-successful firms better than any other variable. Almost all of the strategy questions that relate to innovative activity receive higher scores from the more-successful group of firms than from the less-successful group of firms. This is also the case for innovative activities -- whether a firm possesses an R&D unit, its expenditure on R&D relative to total investment, and its R&D-to-sales ratio.

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This paper uses job turnover data to compare how job creation, job destruction and net job change differ for small and large establishments in the Canadian manufacturing sector. It uses several different techniques to correct for the regression-to-the-mean problem that, it has been suggested, might incorrectly lead to the conclusion that small establishments create a disproportionate number of new jobs. It finds that net job creation for smaller establishments is greater than that of large establishments after such changes are made. The paper also compares the importance of small and large establishments in the manufacturing sectors of Canada and the United States. The Canadian manufacturing sector is shown to have both a larger proportion of employment in smaller establishments but also to have a small establishment sector that is growing in importance relative to that of the United States.

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The statistical observation that small firms have created the majority of new jobs during the 1980s has had a tremendous influence on public policy. Governmentshave looked to the small firm sector for employment growth, and have promoted policies to augment this expansion. However, recent research in the US suggeststhat net job creation in the small firm sector may have been overestimated, relative to that in large firms. This paper addresses various measurement issues raised inthe recent research, and uses a very unique Canadian longitudinal data set that encompasses all companies in the Canadian economy to reassess the issue of jobcreation by firm size. We conclude that over the 1978-92 period, for both the entire Canadian economy and the manufacturing sector, the growth rate of (net)employment decreases monotonically as the size of firm increases, no matter which method of sizing firms is used. The small firm sector has accounted for adisproportionate share of both gross job gains and job losses, and in that aggregate, accounted for a disproportionate share of the employment increase over theperiod. Measurement does matter, however, as the magnitude of the difference in the growth rates of small and large firms is very sensitive to the measurementapproaches used. The paper also produces results for various industrial sectors, asks whether the more rapid growth in industries with a high proportion of smallfirms is responsible for the findings at the all-economy level, and examines employment growth in existing small and large firms (ie excluding births). It is found thatemployment growth in the population of existing small and large firms is very similar.

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Changing economic conditions affect some industries more than others.

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Government transfer payments can add another dimension to judging regional economic performance. This article looks at sub-provincial areas and the effect of transfer payments to lessen economic inequality in these areas.

Description: This survey collects the financial and operating data needed to develop national and regional economic policies and programs.

Description: This survey collects the financial and operating data needed to develop national and regional economic policies and programs.

Description: This survey collects the financial and operating data needed to develop national and regional economic policies and programs.

Description: This survey collects the financial and operating data needed to develop national and regional economic policies and programs.

Description: This survey collects the financial and operating data needed to develop national and regional economic policies and programs.

Description: The purpose of this survey is to collect the financial and operating/production data needed to develop national and regional economic policies and programs.

Description: This survey collects the financial and operating data needed to develop national and regional economic policies and programs.

Description: Information collected as part of the Quarterly Financial Statistics for Enterprises program provides data used to measure the financial position and performance of incorporated businesses by industry aggregations. It also provides information on financial holdings and transactions in the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts (CSMA) sector accounts.

Description: The purpose of the Corporations Returns Act is to collect financial and ownership information on corporations conducting business in Canada. This information is used to evaluate the extent and effect of non-resident control in the Canadian corporate economy.

Description: This survey collects quarterly financial information about the finance and insurance sectors, consisting of financial institutions, financial intermediaries, and other investment funds operating in Canada. Financial statistics focus on balance sheet and statement of income, retained earnings and changes in financial position.