Housing

Description:

Using 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) data, this profile provides a statistical overview of variables describing immigration and ethnocultural diversity, Aboriginal peoples, education, labour, mobility and migration, income and earnings, and housing and shelter costs.

In the National Household Survey product line, groups of related variables are referred to as 'release components of profiles.' These are made available with the major releases of variables of the NHS cycle, starting with the Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, and Aboriginal Peoples releases. Together, they will form a complete NHS Profile of all the variables for each level of geography. Profile-component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area and census agglomeration levels, census tract level, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level.

Description:

Using 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) data, this profile provides a statistical overview of variables describing immigration and ethnocultural diversity, Aboriginal peoples, education, labour, mobility and migration, income and earnings, and housing and shelter costs.

In the National Household Survey product line, groups of related variables are referred to as 'release components of profiles.' These are made available with the major releases of variables of the NHS cycle, starting with the Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, and Aboriginal Peoples releases. Together, they will form a complete NHS Profile of all the variables for each level of geography. Profile-component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area and census agglomeration levels, census tract level, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level.

Description:

This table presents a cross-tabulation of data using selected characteristics from the National Household Survey.

Description:

This table presents a cross-tabulation of data using selected characteristics from the National Household Survey.

Description:

This table presents a cross-tabulation of data using selected characteristics from the National Household Survey.

Description:

This table presents a cross-tabulation of data using selected characteristics from the National Household Survey.

Description:

This table presents a cross-tabulation of data using selected characteristics from the National Household Survey.

Description:

This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (69 items: Saguenay; Quebec; Census metropolitan areas; Census metropolitan areas and large urban areas; Calgary; Alberta ...), Type of unit (2 items: Single-detached and semi-detached units; Row; apartment and other unit types ...).

Description:

This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (13 items: Canada; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Nova Scotia ...), Estimates (2 items: Dwelling units; Dollars ...), Type of residential category (2 items: New residential construction; Existing residential properties ...), Type of mortgage loan approvals (3 items: Total; mortgage loan approvals; Conventional; National Housing Act ...), Type of housing (3 items: Total; single-detached and multiples; Single-detached; Multiples ...).

Description:

Using 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) data, this profile provides a statistical overview of variables describing immigration and ethnocultural diversity, Aboriginal peoples, education, labour, mobility and migration.

In the National Household Survey product line, groups of related variables are referred to as 'release components of profiles.' These are made available with the major releases of variables of the NHS cycle, starting with the Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, and Aboriginal Peoples releases. Together, they will form a complete NHS Profile of all the variables for each level of geography. Profile-component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area and census agglomeration levels, census tract level, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level.

Description: Using data from the Housing Economic Account, this data visualization tool analyzes the flows and stock of residential housing in value, as well as the stock of housing in units. Residential housing flows and stock can be visualized in current and real dollars, by assets (new construction, renovation and transfer cost) and by provinces and territories. In addition, housing flows and stocks can be viewed by sector of activity and type of housing, and the economic impact analysis and social transfers in kind from the public sector are reported.

Description: The Rural Canada Housing Profiles (RCHP) 2022 provides tables on housing in rural Canada. The tables were developed using data from several Statistics Canada programs: Canadian Housing Statistics Program (2021), Building Permits (2022) and Investment in Building Construction (2022). Information such as structure type (single or multiple residential property), year of construction, size of the building, and construction intentions (building permits issued by municipalities, number of units / value of the building) were used to provide a broader picture of housing stocks, flows and investments in rural and small town communities. The final output is five data tables (residential building permits; investment in residential building construction; residential property characteristics); occupied private dwelling characteristics; and private household characteristics).

Data are organized geographically at the following levels (where applicable): Canada, provinces or territories, census subdivisions (CSD), and Rural and Small Town (RST) or urban areas of Canada. A CSD is considered to be 'Rural and Small Town (RST)' in the RCHP if it is outside of census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (CMA/CA); otherwise, it is considered to be 'Urban'.

Description: This interactive dashboard can be used to visualize various features of housing in Canada rural and urban areas. This includes residential building permits, numbers and values, and values of investments in residential building construction by type of residential building and type of work. Data are provided at the following geographic levels (wherever applicable): Canada, rural or urban part of Canada, province or territory, rural or urban part of province or territory, and municipalities also known as census subdivision (CSD).

Description: This table provides data on residential building permits by type of residential building and type of work, including permit counts, permit values, number of units created, and number of units lost through conversion.

Description: This table provides data on values of investments in residential building construction by type of residential building and type of work.

Description: This table provides data on counts of residential properties, owner-assessed values, and total living area.

Description:

New housing price index, annual weights. Annual weights are available from 2017.

Description: Dwelling and population counts in elevation classes within 10Km, 5Km and 1Km of the coastline by ecozone, ecoprovince, ecoregion and ecodistrict for every fifth year starting with 2016.

Description: The investment in residential and non-residential building construction represents the spending value of building construction by households, enterprises and governments for buildings, excluding the value of land. The investment data for residential and non-residential building construction gives a detailed statistical image of this activity across Canada, including the provinces and territories, and census metropolitan areas (CMA). Non-residential building construction excludes expenditure on engineering work (bridges, roads, hydroelectric power plants, etc.). The statistics are used by a wide range of economists and analysts from the public and private sectors.

Description: Percentage of households that grew fruit, herbs, vegetables and flowers for personal use, and for those that did the location of the garden, by type of dwelling. The data is from the Households and the environment survey.

Description:

Local government revenues are increasingly perceived as inadequate to fund the program responsibilities of municipalities. Property taxes (residential and non-residential) are by far the most important revenue source, accounting for 35% in 2003 (up from 30% in 1988). But, residential property taxes are commonly viewed as regressive in relation to income. This study uses the 2001 Census of Population to quantify the regressiveness of residential property taxes in Canadian municipalities, and to examine whether regressive taxes are generally attributable to lower-income seniors living in high-priced homes.

Description:

This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled Are immigrants buying to get in? The role of ethnic clustering on the homeownership propensities of 12 Toronto immigrant groups, 1996-2001. Spatial assimilation theory is a model of status attainment that links the spatial and social positions of minority group members (Massey and Denton 1985). If applied to immigrants, the model would suggest that immigrants would first cluster in typically poor neighbourhoods with high concentrations of co-ethnics, but that ethnic concentration should be temporary and of declining utility. Once an immigrant family's socioeconomic status improves, they should merge into the residential 'mainstream' by moving to a better, and typically less segregated, neighbourhood (Massey and Denton 1985). Further, although housing tenure is not an explicit dimension of spatial assimilation theory, given the well-established relationship between income, human capital and homeownership (Balakrishnan and Wu 1992; Laryea 1999), and the importance of homeownership as an indicator of well-being and residential assimilation (Myers and Lee 1998), part of an immigrant family's socioeconomic ascent should be a shift from tenant to homeowner (Alba and Logan 1992). Spatial assimilation theory would further predict that same-group concentration should be inversely related to homeownership since ethnic enclaves are typically conceived of as poor rental zones (Fong and Gulia 1999; Myles and Hou 2004).

Recent research (Alba and Nee 2003; Logan, Alba, and Zhang 2002), however, finds that some immigrant groups may be choosing against spatial assimilation to form more durable 'ethnic communities' (Logan, Alba, and Zhang 2002), giving rise to a positive and growing 'enclave effect' on homeownership (Borjas 2002). In this paper, an enclave effect is evaluated as an explanation for the 1996-2001 homeownership patterns of Toronto's 12 largest recent immigrant groups. Using longitudinally-consistent and temporally-antecedent 1996 neighbourhood ethnic composition data this paper aims to determine if immigrants buy homes outside their enclaves or prefer an owner-occupied neighbourhood of same-group members. To this end, the paper discusses the potential benefits of living and buying in an enclave; it develops a predictive framework for determining which groups might benefit from owner-occupied ethnic communities; it also examines the issue of 'neighbourhood disequilibrium' and evaluates the enclave effect on homeownership using a sample of recent (1996-2001) movers, their 1996 neighbourhood ethnic characteristics, and bivariate probit models with sample selection corrections (Van de Ven and Van Praag 1981).

Description:

In the past, working-age immigrant families in Canada's large urban centres had higher homeownership rates than the Canadian-born. Over the past twenty years however, this advantage has reversed, due jointly to a drop in immigrant rates and a rise in the popularity of homeownership among the Canadian-born. This paper assesses the efficacy of standard consumer choice models, which include indicators for age, income, education, family type, plus several immigrant characteristics, to explain these changes. The main findings are that the standard model almost completely explains the immigrant homeownership advantage in 1981, as well as the rise over time among the Canadian-born, but even after accounting for the well-known decline in immigrant economic fortunes, only about one-third of the 1981-2001 immigrant change in homeownership rates is explained. The implications of this inability are discussed and several suggestions for further research are made.

Description:

The report examines housing market trends and housing adequacy, suitability, affordability, and core housing need in Canada's census metropolitan areas (CMAs) from 1991 to 2001.

It begins with a review of demographic and housing market trends, including changes in house prices, rents, and incomes during the 1990s and of factors underlying increasing housing demand late in the decade. Against this backdrop, subsequent chapters examine how well households living in CMAs were housed in 1991, 1996, and 2001. Households that do not live in acceptable housing and do not have sufficient income to afford such housing are deemed to be in core housing need. The last chapter of the report explores the spatial distribution of core housing need in CMAs in 2001 and the characteristics of neighbourhoods in which core housing need was most prevalent.

This publication is not available. For more information, contact Andrew Heisz at 613-951-3748 or Sébastien Larochelle-Côté at 613-951-0803.

Description:

This article examines housing costs within the context of income and assets, focusing on elderly homeowners but including younger families and renters for comparison. The low-income dimension is also explored.

Description:

This product includes a data quality note and two data tables on collective dwellings in the 2001 Census.

This series includes a number of comprehensive articles that supplement the day-of-release information launched through The Daily. These catalogued articles provide an analytical perspective on the 2001 Census release topics. The number and length of these articles vary for each census release and are based on the 21 census release topics disseminated over 8 major release dates.

More focused articles were disseminated as major releases in The Dailyin the weeks following the official release of the data. Other more specialized articles were also announced in The Daily. The articles in the 2001 Census Analysis Series are available free of charge via the Internet.

Description:

This article examines how Canadians were housed in 2000. What percentage lived in owner-occupied homes? Were their homes in good condition? Was the size suitable for their needs? And, what proportion of their income was spent on housing?

Description:

This paper examines whether long-run labour market outcomes depend on residential environment among adults who grew up in subsidized housing in Toronto. The housing program in Toronto provides a full spectrum of neighbourhood quality types to measure outcome differences, and offers a real-life example of large scale neighbourhood quality reform. A primary advantage with this approach is that, conditional on participation in public housing, residential choice is substantially limited. Families that applied for public housing could not specify which project they wished to be housed in and were constrained to what was offered based on availability at the time they applied and by family size. Unlike previous housing mobility experiments, the availability of administrative tax records are used to measure both short and long run outcomes. The results indicate almost no difference in educational attainment, adult earnings, income, and social assistance participation between children from different public housing types. Average outcomes, estimated wage distributions, and outcome correlations among unrelated project neighbours show no significant neighbourhood impact. In contrast, family differences seem to matter a great deal.

Description:

The Canadian Consumer Price Index (CPI) applies a version of the user cost approach to measure the cost of home ownership. Because this approach specifically estimates the costs of using owned accommodation and not those faced by tenants, the measure includes a "replacement cost" (or depreciation) component. Depreciation is the only component in the CPI that is not an out-of-pocket expense. Consequently, economists face a unique set of methodological challenges when measuring depreciation.

Between 1949 and 1997, the annual housing depreciation rate used in the CPI was 2%. Statistics Canada adopted the rate from a study that analysed U.S. Federal Housing Administration field appraisal data from 1939.

This study argues that there is evidence that the 2% depreciation rate is too high to continue to use in the future. Consider that: 1) other Canadian studies show an upper bound of 1.7%, with a median estimate of 1.5%; 2) other statistical agencies use lower rates; and 3) every academic study over the past 40 years has arrived at a lower rate. As a consequence of this study and the existing supporting evidence, the depreciation rate in the Canadian CPI was lowered to 1.5% effective January 1998.

Description:

This article examines the characteristics of people living in mobile homes, with special emphasis on the differences between rural and urban households.

Description:

Starting with the 1997 survey year, the Household Facilities and Equipment Survey was replaced by the Survey of Household Spending (SHS). This note provides information to users and prospective users of data from the SHS about the differences between the SHS and the former Household Facilities and Equipment Survey. Topics covered include sample size, weighting, collection method, reference period, and concepts.

Description: The New Housing Price Index (NHPI) is a monthly series that measures changes over time in the contractors' selling prices of new residential houses, where detailed specifications pertaining to each house remain the same between two consecutive periods.

Description: The purpose of the survey is to collect tuition fees and living accommodation costs for all publicly funded universities and degree-granting colleges in Canada.

Description: The Household Facilities and Equipment Survey was conducted to collect up to date data on household equipment, to provide an indication of the Canadian life standard and to pick up changes in the household characteristics.

Description: This discontinued survey was conducted to provide socio-demographic data related to the housing and to household facilities and equipment.

Description: This statistical activity is a cost recovery survey, funded in part by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. The data is used to measure the adequacy and affordability of housing in Canada.

Description: The main purpose of the survey is to obtain detailed information about household spending as well as limited information on dwelling characteristics and household equipment.

Description: The census provides a detailed statistical portrait of Canada and its people by their demographic, social and economic characteristics. This information is important for communities and is vital for planning services such as child care, schooling, family services, and skills training for employment.

Description: The monthly investment in new housing construction represents the spending value for individuals, enterprises and governments in the construction of new residential dwellings during the reference period. The four dwelling types covered are singles, doubles,rows and apartments.

Description: The Experimental New Condominium Apartment Price Index (NCAPI) is a quarterly series that measures changes over time in the contractors' selling prices of units in new condominium apartment buildings, where detailed specifications pertaining to each unit remain comparable between two consecutive periods.