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  • 91. Income taxes in Canada and the United States Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X20000025071
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Much discussion of comparative tax rates is based on federal statutory income tax rates. But taxes actually paid are often quite different, owing to various tax deductions, credits, surtaxes and payroll taxes. This study uses effective rather than statutory tax rates to compare income taxes paid by individuals and families in Canada and the United States.

    Release date: 2000-06-07
  • 92. Government Finances and Generational Equity Archived
    Journals and periodicals: 68-513-X
    Description:

    "Generational equity" is a topic that has gradually risen higher and higher on the agenda of governments at all levels. In fact, it is a matter not just for government policy, but a topic that touches many Canadians directly: young and old, parents and grandparents. Canadian policy makers increasingly have to deal with issues associated with the relative status of individuals between successive generations. The reform of public pension programs presents the most obvious example, but there are many other developments that raise the same type of issue. Indeed, the heightened concern over government fiscal policies is due in large part to the readiness of many to view government deficits and debt as a burden on future generations. Generational equity, however, is also a concern of individual Canadians and their families. The allocation of resources between the young and the old within the family is becoming an increasingly important issue for many, especially in light not only of an aging population but also the belief that those just entering the labour force will likely not attain the standard of living to which their parents have become accustomed.

    The contributors to this book examine the operation of government taxes and expenditures from a generational perspective. In part the motivation for bringing these essays together is to offer comprehensive and up-to-date information on the age incidence of government finances. This motivation, however, also has to do with the development of a new accounting framework, Generational Accounting, that has gained some currency in many industrialized countries, particularly in the United States. It is a truism to say that good analysis requires good data, and certainly Statistic Canada's central role is to offer high-quality data in support of analysis and decision making. But the opposite is equally true, if not as obvious: good data requires good analysis. That is to say, new analytical frameworks often highlight the need to organize existing data in different ways, as well as the need for the development of new types of data. This is certainly one of several reasons that Statistics Canada has sought to develop a strong analytical capacity, and to maintain strong ties with the research community. This book is meant to contribute to this process by examining Canadian data through the lens of Generational Accounting, and by analyzing some of the issues that arise.

    Release date: 1998-02-04
  • 93. How Inflation and Income Tax Affect the Return on a Safe Investment Archived
    Articles and reports: 62F0014M1996001
    Geography: Canada
    Description: For decades, Canadians have been living in an inflationary environment. Everyone remembers that at some point in the past, consumer goods and services cost less. Even young people know that a candy bar cost less five or ten years ago than it does now. Thus the purchasing power of the Canadian dollar has gradually declined over the years.

    Even though everyone knows that things cost more now than in the past, there are situations in which this seems to be forgotten. The purpose of this article is to present a situation that shows the illusion of wealth that fairly long-term inflation can foster. We begin by looking at how inflation and income tax affect a retired person's interest income for a given year. Then we look at the effects of inflation and income tax on interest income over a longer period. When taxation is not factored in, the situation is one of investing inside a registered retirement savings plan.

    Release date: 1997-05-05
  • 94. RRSP withdrawals revisited [Perspectives on Labour and Income] Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X19960042921
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Despite improved economic conditions in recent years, Canadians have continued to cash in their RRSPs. This article looks at RRSP withdrawals during the 1990s, including those made through the Home Buyers' Plan. Who made these withdrawals, and for what reasons, and how will such behaviour affect immediate tax obligations and future retirement savings?

    Release date: 1996-12-03
  • 95. The Evolution of Payroll Taxes in Canada: 1961 - 1993 Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996090
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper outlines the structure of payroll taxes and documents evidence on the level, growth and role of each component over the last three decades for Canada and for each province. Levied by both the federal and provincial governments, payroll taxes in Canada include four major components: i) unemployment insurance (UI) premiums; ii) Canada/Quebec Pension Plan (C/QPP) contributions; iii) workers compensation (WC) premiums; and iv) the provincial health/post-secondary education (H/E) tax levied by Quebec, Manitoba, Ontario and Newfoundland. While the UI and C/QPP components are levied on both employers and employees, the WC and H/E components are levied on employers only. Our main findings are 1) payroll taxes have increased substantially over the last three decades in Canada as a whole and in every province; 2) the structure, level, growth and role of each component of payroll taxes vary remarkably from one province to another; 3) the expansion of the UI component in recent years has been the largest contributor to the rise in payroll taxes across every province in the country; and 4) despite significant growth in recent years, payroll taxes are still much lower in Canada than in most other western industrialized countries.

    Release date: 1996-02-28
  • 96. Income Estimates for Subprovincial Areas
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 4301
    Description: This annual survey produced estimates of per-capita and aggregate amounts of personal and personal disposable income, of money income before and after tax, of income tax and direct taxes; estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, self-employment income, government transfer payments, investment income including rents, and miscellaneous money income.
Data (49)

Data (49) (40 to 50 of 49 results)

Analysis (44)

Analysis (44) (0 to 10 of 44 results)

  • 1. Exploring the reach of the Canada child benefit: Two coverage rate monitoring strategies
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2025006
    Description: A prerequisite for the eligibility and receipt of Canada's many social benefit programs is participation in the tax system. Each year, as many as 1 in 10 Canadians do not file their taxes in a timely fashion and as a result miss out - at least temporarily - on benefits to which they could be entitled. The Canada child benefit (CCB), which replaced the Canada child tax benefit (CCTB) in July 2016, is a means-tested tax-free monthly government benefit program available to families with a registered child. This study looks at the CCB coverage using two coverage rate monitoring strategies. It supports ongoing work across several federal agencies to examine the reach of the tax and benefit system.
    Release date: 2025-06-25
  • 2. The filing patterns of wage earners and receipt of the Canada workers benefit
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2025004
    Description: By combining data from administrative files, in this case, the T4 slip that provides information about earnings from paid employment with data on income tax returns (T1), this paper aims to examine the rate of non-filers among T4 earners in Canada by various sociodemographic characteristics. It also investigates the potential entitlement of non-filers to the Canada workers benefit and provides an estimate of initially unclaimed benefits.
    Release date: 2025-05-15
  • 3. Social assistance recipients in Canada: Documenting the filing patterns of recipients
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2025005
    Description: By combining data from administrative files, such as the T5007 slip that provides information about receipt of social assistance (SA) with data on income tax returns (T1), this paper aims to document the rate of non-filers among those who have received social assistance by different sociodemographic variables. This paper also investigates the potential eligibility of non-filers for the GST and HST and Climate Action Incentive non-refundable credit.
    Release date: 2025-05-15
  • 4. Tax-filing rates of newly landed immigrants in Canada: Trends and insights
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301100004
    Description: There is considerable policy interest in engaging hard-to-reach populations in Canada and integrating them into the tax system so they can receive the benefits intended to support them. Using the Longitudinal Immigration Database, this study provides insights into the tax-filing behaviour of newly landed immigrants and their families over time in Canada.
    Release date: 2023-11-22
  • 5. Economic and Social Reports, November 2023 Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-001-X202332631084
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2023-11-22
  • 6. Understanding the tax implications of Registered Retirement Savings Plans
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200200002
    Description:

    A Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) is a tax-deductible savings vehicle designed to encourage people to save for their retirement. Contributions are made with pre-tax income, and taxation is deferred to the time when funds are withdrawn, typically in retirement when marginal tax rates are otherwise low, resulting in tax savings over the life cycle. However, RRSP funds do not lock in and there are no early withdrawal penalties by the tax system, which means pre-retirement withdrawals are frequent. This prevalence of pre-retirement RRSP withdrawals raises the question of what reasons, aside from retirement planning, lead people to use these plans. To explore this issue, new research by Statistics Canada and the Retirement and Savings Institute (RSI) at HEC Montréal considers how a person’s financial literacy affects the timing of contributions to and withdrawals from RRSPs.

    Release date: 2022-02-23
  • 7. The effects of child tax benefits on the income of single mothers Archived
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100500002
    Description:

    The financial resources available to families with young children are an important factor affecting child development, and they can have long-term impacts on socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood.

    This article summarizes the findings of a new study using Statistic Canada’s data and analyzes the effects of expanding child tax benefits on after-tax income among single mothers, in the context of the 2015 reform to the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB) and the 2016 introduction of the Canada Child Benefit (CCB).

    Release date: 2021-05-26
  • 8. Study: The impact of short-duration credentials after an undergraduate degree on labour market outcomes Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-001-X202029026763
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2020-10-16
  • 9. The Impact of Short-duration Credentials After an Undergraduate Degree on Labour Market Outcomes Archived
    Articles and reports: 81-595-M2020001
    Description:

    This study uses longitudinal data combining information from the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) with data from personal income tax (T1 Family File) to analyze the impact of short-duration credentials (certificates and diplomas from colleges and universities), completed after an undergraduate degree, on the outcomes on the labour market of graduates from Canadian public universities.

    Release date: 2020-10-16
  • 10. Self-employed individuals, self-employment income and the post-COVID-19 financial strain Archived
    Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202000100078
    Description:

    Although the number of self-employed individuals has remained largely unchanged since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the self-employed are likely to remain under severe financial strain. This article looks at the unincorporated self-employed more broadly and highlights another important factor that will likely have a large impact on their financial well-being: whether or not the self-employed individuals also have T4 earnings.

    Release date: 2020-09-18
Reference (2)

Reference (2) ((2 results))

  • 1. Effective Income Tax and Transfer Rates: Technical Reference Note
    Notices and consultations: 75F0002M2019006
    Description:

    In 2018, Statistics Canada released two new data tables with estimates of effective tax and transfer rates for individual tax filers and census families. These estimates are derived from the Longitudinal Administrative Databank. This publication provides a detailed description of the methods used to derive the estimates of effective tax and transfer rates.

    Release date: 2019-04-16
  • 2. Income Estimates for Subprovincial Areas
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 4301
    Description: This annual survey produced estimates of per-capita and aggregate amounts of personal and personal disposable income, of money income before and after tax, of income tax and direct taxes; estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, self-employment income, government transfer payments, investment income including rents, and miscellaneous money income.

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