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Description: Canada at a Glance presents current statistics on Canadian society, including subjects such as the population, education, health, prices and the economy, among others. Updated yearly, this booklet is a very useful reference for those who want quick access to a current statistical portrait of Canada.

Description:

As COVID-19 began to spread throughout Canada and the United States in early 2020, many employees were asked to work from home to help control the spread of the virus. COVID restrictions were more stringent in Canada than in the U.S., at least throughout 2021, and the degree to which Canadian and U.S. employees worked from home during the pandemic may have differed across countries. The goal of this paper is to fill this information gap and analyze the trends in work from home rates between the two countries from May 2020 to December 2021.

Description:

This is the third in a series of articles that examines the impact of COVID-19 on aviation in Canada and looks for signs of recovery up to the end of 2021. This third article puts Canada into an international context with a focus on airlines. Using data from statistical agencies and aviation regulators of the countries examined, as well as the International Air Transport Association, this article compares the recovery in passenger numbers in the six largest countries in the world by area. It also looks at some of the factors that had an impact on the recovery.

Description:

This study compares the international impacts on civil aviation as a result of COVID-19. It analyzes the trend of passenger volumes for the first half of 2020, how far they dropped and how quickly they are recovering. Another section compares passenger load factor for selected countries. Finally, it provides an outlook on recovery in the air transportation sector.

Description:

In both Canada and the United States, immigrants constitute a disproportionately large share of the supply of university-educated labour trained in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields. This article examines the Canada–U.S. differences in the occupational skill utilization and earnings of STEM-educated immigrant workers. Using data from the 2016 Census for Canada and the combined 2015 to 2017 American Community Survey, this analysis focuses on immigrants with a university degree in a STEM field who were aged 25 to 64 and arrived as adults.

Description:

On June 1st the United States implemented additional US tariffs on selected steel and aluminum products. Tariffs on softwood lumber exports have also been in effect since April 2017. This new table shows economic indicators that Statistics Canada produces for industries impacted by tariffs. Other industries that could be indirectly affected by the tariffs are also included (coal and the automotive industry). 

Description:

This product gathers information from various statistical programs and illustrates the nature and the extent of Canada's economic and financial relationship with the United States using interactive graphics and tables. The statistical information is presented according to four main topics: trade, investment, employment and travel. Key indicators are available for each of the topics, including merchandise trade by Canadian provinces and US states. Users can link to more detailed data as well as information regarding definitions, concepts and methods.

Description:

This product gathers information from various statistical programs and illustrates the nature and the extent of Canada's economic and financial relationship with the United Kingdom using interactive graphics and tables. The statistical information is presented according to four main topics: trade, investment, employment and travel. Key indicators are available for each of the topics. Users can link to more detailed data as well as information regarding definitions, concepts and methods.

Description:

This product gathers information from various statistical programs and illustrates the nature and the extent of Canada's economic and financial relationship with Japan using interactive graphics and tables. The statistical information is presented according to four main topics: trade, investment, employment and travel. Key indicators are available for each of the topics. Users can link to more detailed data as well as information regarding definitions, concepts and methods.

Description:

This product gathers information from various statistical programs and illustrates the nature and the extent of Canada's economic and financial relationship with Mexico using interactive graphics and tables. The statistical information is presented according to four main topics: trade, investment, employment and travel. Key indicators are available for each of the topics. Users can link to more detailed data as well as information regarding definitions, concepts and methods.

Description: Governments and other stakeholders are increasingly interested in assessing the skills of their adult populations in order to monitor how well prepared they are for the challenges of the modern knowledge-based society. Adults are expected to use information in complex ways and to maintain and enhance their literacy skills to adapt to ever changing technologies. Literacy is important not only for personal development, but also for positive educational, social, and economic outcomes. Adult literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills encompass a continuum of learning that enables individuals to achieve their goals, develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their communities and society as a whole.

Canada has been participating in adult skills assessment surveys for several decades. The surveys are repeated every ten years, with the first in the series taking place in 1994. First there was the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS), then the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS) in 2003 and the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) cycles 1 and 2 in 2012 and 2022 respectively. Each of these surveys builds on the concepts of the previous surveys. Over the years, the framework has broadened the definition of literacy to adapt it to the information age, notably by including reading skills in digital environments.

Description:

The International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) was a collaborative effort by twenty governments and three intergovernmental organizations. The countries of Australia, Belgium/Flanders, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland (French, German and Italian), United Kingdom, United States, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Norway, and Slovenia participated in the IALS.

The Canadian IALS survey had a number of objectives. These were: a) to provide an updated profile of adult literacy abilities for Canada for comparison to that provided by the 1989 Survey of Literacy Skills Used in Daily Activities (LSUDA); b) to provide sufficiently large numbers of Franco-Ontarians, seniors, social assistance recipients, unemployment insurance recipients and out-of-school youth to profile their skill levels; c) to shed light on the relationship between performance, educational attainment, labour market participation and employment for those at certain literacy levels; and d) to compare Canadian literacy levels with those in other countries.

Description:

This report provides the first pan-Canadian results of the PISA 2009 assessment of reading, mathematics and science by presenting the national and provincial results in order to complement the information presented in the PISA 2009 International report. Results are compared to other participating countries and across Canadian provinces. Chapter 1 provides information on the performance of Canadian 15-year-old students on the PISA 2009 assessment in reading. Chapter 2 presents results on the performance of Canada and the provinces in the minor domains of mathematics and science. Finally, the major findings and opportunities for further study are discussed in the conclusion.

Description:

This Internet publication presents comparable health indicators for Canada, the provinces and territories. Indicators have been jointly selected by provincial and territorial health ministries, and Health Canada. Comparable Health Indicators address primary health care, home care, other programs and services, catastrophic drug coverage and pharmaceutical management, diagnostic and medical equipment, health human resources and healthy Canadians.

Description:

This report presents indicators to measure the workload and performance of the criminal justice system, as well as indictors on a number of socio-demographic and economic factors that can be associated with crime and victimization. In this report, workload and volume measures centre on the work of the police, courts, corrections, diversion programs and victim services and changes over time. Examples of workload and volume indicators examined in this report include: the number of criminal incidents known to police; the number of people serviced by alternative measures, mediation, dispute resolution and diversion programs; the number of cases dealt with in court; average counts in corrections institutions, and; the number of persons assisted by victim service agencies. Performance indicators are organized according to the following five general goals of the criminal justice system: 1) Public order, safety and national security through prevention and intervention; 2) Offender accountability, reintegration and rehabilitation; 3) Public trust, confidence and respect for the justice system; 4) Social equity and access to the justice system for all citizens, and; 5) Victim needs served. Examples of performance indicators examined in this report are: the overall cost of administering the sectors of the criminal justice system; the type and length of sentences ordered in court; public satisfaction with the police, the courts, and the correctional and parole systems; the number of applications for legal aid, and; the number of services for victims of crime. The various socio-demographic and economic indicators included in this report are presented in order to present statistical information on the factors that can be associated with crime. These 'context of crime indicators are organized into three broad categories: Community and society, Family, and Individual. Examples of such indicators examined in this report are: the age and sex distributions of the population; income levels and labour force participation; levels of social engagement; levels of gang activity; family structures; levels of child support; levels of education; the rate of literacy, and; the rate of alcohol and drug abuse among the adult and youth population.

Description:

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a collaborative effort among member countries of the OECD, designed to assess, on a regular basis, the achievement of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematical and scientific literacy through a common international test.

This report provides results from the PISA 2003 assessment of student performance in mathematics, reading, science and problem solving at the provincial level, and compares the achievement of Canadian students to that of students internationally. PISA 2003 has a special focus on mathematical literacy.

Forty-one countries participated in PISA 2003, including all 30 OECD countries and 11 non-OECD countries. About 28,000 15-year-olds from more than 1,000 schools took part in Canada.

Description: Canadians live in a vast country with an abundance of energy resources. This natural resource wealth has played an important role in our economy, enabling us to meet our own energy needs and at the same time become one of the world's leading exporters of energy.

Canadians are concerned about the supply of energy and available alternatives the impacts of energy use on the environment government action to address energy-related issues.

This article creates a statistical portrait of Canada's energy resources to examine these concerns.

Description:

This interactive data retrieval system allows users to retrieve their own customized tables on literacy profiles for more than 20 countries and for a wide range of combined intermediate variables covering several topics such as: adult education, community activities, demographics, educational experience, household information, labour force experience, language background, mathematics, parental information, reading at home or at work, self-reported skills, training and writing at home or at work.

The International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) was a seven-country initiative conducted in the fall of 1994. Its goal: to create comparable literacy profiles across national, linguistic and cultural boundaries. The survey also offers the world's only source of comparative data on participation in adult education and training. The results, published in the report "Literacy, economy and society: Results of the first International Adult Literacy Survey" (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Statistics Canada, 1995), demonstrated a strong plausible link between literacy and a country's economic potential. Since then, a second and a third round of data collection of IALS were conducted in an additional 16 countries in 1996 (See "Literacy skills for the knowledge society: Further results of the International Adult Literacy Survey" (OECD and Human Resources Development Canada, 1997)) and in 1998 (See "Literacy in the information age: Final report of the International Adult Literacy Survey" (OECD and Statistics Canada, 2000)). Several thematic reports and international comparative reports were published following these second and third waves of data collection. In total, IALS includes literacy data pertaining to 23 countries or regions around the world.

Description:

These Indexes are calculated to establish and adjust Post Living Allowances paid to expatriate Canadian government employees serving under the terms and conditions of the Foreign Service Directives (FSDs). They are comparative measurements that numerically express the difference between the retail prices of a representative basket of goods and services at a foreign location with prices for a similar basket of goods and services in Ottawa. They reflect the circumstances for personnel who may have access to certain goods and services that are free of duties or taxes or to stores or sources of supply that are not available to the general public. Where employees do not have, either directly or indirectly, duty free purchasing privileges, Departmental administrators must consult with Statistics Canada to calculate an additional index to reflect the specific circumstances in effect at that post.

Description:

These Indexes are calculated to establish and adjust Post Living Allowances for persons serving under the Technical Assistance Regulations (TARs), whose terms and conditions are governed by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). They are comparative measurements that numerically express the difference between the retail prices of a representative basket of goods and services at a foreign location with prices for a similar basket of goods and services in Ottawa. The CIDA indexes are directed only to cooperants and advisers governed by the Technical Assistance Regulations (TARs).

Description:

This is the thirteenth annual Family Violence in Canada: A Statistical Profile report produced by the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics under the Federal Family Violence Initiative. This annual report provides the most current data on the nature and extent of family violence in Canada, as well as trends over time, as part of the ongoing initiative to inform policy makers and the public about family violence issues. Each year the report has a different focus. This year, the focus of the report is on self-reported incidents of spousal victimization from the 2009 General Social Survey on Victimization. In addition, using police-reported data, the report also presents information on family violence against children and youth, family violence against seniors, and family-related homicides. The Family Violence in Canada: A Statistical Profile will now be produced as an article in Juristat, catalogue no. 85-002-X , as such the old product number (85-224-X) associated with the report is now terminated.

Description:

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is designed to assess, on a regular basis, the achievement of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematical and scientific literacy through a common international test.

Information gathered through PISA enables a thorough comparative analysis of the skill level of students near the end of their compulsory education. PISA also permits exploration of the ways that skills vary across different social and economic groups and the factors that influence the level and distribution of skills within and between countries.

PISA is a collaborative effort among member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In Canada, PISA is administered through a partnership of the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada, Human Resources and Skills Development Canada and Statistics Canada.

PISA will be repeated every three years. The first PISA cycle was conducted in 2000 and focused on reading, with mathematics and science as minor domains. The focus shifts to mathematics in PISA 2003, to science in 2006, and back to reading in 2009.

These reports provide results of the PISA assessments of student performance at the provincial level, and compare the achievement of Canadian students to that of students internationally.

Description:

This paper uses Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data to examine changes in labour productivity, real gross domestic product (GDP), real gross domestic income (GDI), economic aggregates and relative economic growth over time. Real GDI combines changes in production (real GDP), with a trading gain derived from relative price changes. The paper considers two sources of trading gains: the terms of trade and the real exchange rate. For OECD countries, the terms of trade is the more important price ratio, making a contribution to real income growth that is, on average, an order of magnitude larger than the real exchange rate.

Over long time periods, the most important source of real income growth is changes in production. Over shorter time horizons, however, the trading gain can make noteworthy contributions. Changes in aggregates, like real private consumption or the relative economic performance of nations, are shown to be particularly dependent on the trading gain during the large swings in resource prices that occurred after 2002.

Description:

This paper re-examines Canadian real GDI relative to the US converted with purchasing power parities based on what production can purchase rather than conventional measures based on production, which narrows the shortfall of Canada's relative income per capita from 15% in 2002 to 8% in 2008.

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A detailed look at the sudden drop in Canada's exports and imports starting last autumn finds that 80% of their declines was concentrated in energy, autos and industrial goods. Consumer and agricultural goods were largely unaffected by the recession.

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Like the United States and the United Kingdom, Canada has a higher proportion of low-paid jobs than Australia and most countries in continental Europe. While the differences with continental Europe highlight different approaches to the labour market, the much lower rate of low-paid work in Australia is more puzzling since that country shares many similarities with Canada. Differences in wage-setting mechanisms appear to play a role in explaining the disparity in rates of low-paid jobs.

Description:

International comparisons show that Canada ranks highest compared to other major countries in terms of the percentage of college and university graduates with low employment earnings. This article uses data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics to identify key demographic and employment characteristics that suggest reasons for these graduates' low earnings situations.

Description:

The adoption and use of information and communications technologies (ICTs) by individuals and businesses in part determines a country's ability to participate successfully in the global information economy. As the Internet is an essential component of ICT infrastructure, its use has become a key hallmark of this participation. In order to situate Internet use both geographically and over time, this study compares 2005 and 2007 Canadian use rates with those of other selected countries, as well as among Canadian provinces.

Description:

Using data from the monthly Consumer Price Index (CPI), this study examines the change in prices for various goods and services in Canada during 2008. This annual review also describes the sources of the increase in the CPI and those that helped to temper price changes. The analysis includes a review of price movements in the provinces.

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This article presents preliminary data on blood levels of lead, total mercury, and cadmium in Canadians from the first 8 collection sites of the Canadian Health Measures Survey.

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This note provides users with a reconciliation between Canadian and American measures of household disposable income, debt and the household credit market debt to disposable income ratio.

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This special methodological paper will help readers understand and assess reports that rank the health status or health system performance of a country, province or jurisdiction. The report outlines the components and processes that underlie health rankings, explores why such rankings can be difficult to interpret and includes a plain-language checklist to use as a critical evaluative resource when reading health-ranking reports.

Description:

This guide focuses on the following topics: Labour market activity and Unpaid work.

Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

Description:

This paper focuses on the role of investments in infrastructure in Canada. The size of infrastructure investments relative to other capital stock sets this country apart from most other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. The paper reviews the approaches taken by other researchers to define infrastructure. It then outlines a taxonomy to define those assets that should be considered as infrastructure and that can be used to assess the importance of different types of capital investments. It briefly considers how to define the portion of infrastructure that should be considered 'public'. The final two parts of the paper apply the proposed classification system to data on Canada's capital stock, and ask the following questions: how much infrastructure does Canada have and in which sectors of the economy is this infrastructure located? Finally, the paper investigates how Canada's infrastructure has evolved over the last four decades, both in the commercial and non-commercial sectors, and compares these trends with the pattern that can be found in the United States.

Description:

This paper provides an overview of the productivity program at Statistics Canada and a brief description of Canada's productivity performance. The paper defines productivity and the various measures that are used to investigate different aspects of productivity growth. It describes the difference between partial productivity measures (such as labour productivity) and a more complete measure (multifactor productivity) and the advantages and disadvantages of each. The paper explains why productivity is important. It outlines how productivity growth fits into the growth accounting framework and how this framework is used to examine the various sources of economic growth. The paper briefly discusses the challenges that face statisticians in measuring productivity growth. It also provides an overview of Canada's long-term productivity performance and compares Canada to the United States - both in terms of productivity levels and productivity growth rates.

Description:

This guide focuses on the following topic: Family variables.

Description:

Part of Statistics Canada's Econnections: linking the environment and the economy statistical series, this publication describes in detail the conceptual frameworks, data sources and empirical methods used to compile the Canadian System of Environmental and Resource Accounts (CSERA). Designed to be compatible with the accounting frameworks of the System of National Accounts, the CSERA allows users to easily analyze the linkages between economic activity and the environment in terms of material and energy flows, environmental expenditures and natural resource stocks. This publication will be of interest to researchers in both the economic and environmental fields who want to familiarize themselves with the accounting concepts of the CSERA. It is a companion volume to Environment-economy indicators and detailed statistics (catalogue no. 16-200-XKE), another product in the Econnections series.

Statistics Canada has updated its 1997 documentation on environmental accounts, Econnections: Concepts, Sources and Methods of the Canadian System of Environmental and Resource Accounts, with publication of the Methodological Guide: Canadian System of Environmental-Economic Accounting.

Description:

This objective of this report is to present the status of national data on Aboriginal people who come into contact with the criminal justice system as offenders and victims. The report examines the current and potential collection of an individual's Aboriginal identity through various justice-related surveys at Statistics Canada, the challenges within these surveys to collect these data and provides some insight into the quality of these data. The data and sources are examined within the context of information needs for the justice and social policy sectors, and in relation to the preferred method of measuring Aboriginal Identity at Statistics Canada. Data sources examined include the Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, the Homicide Survey, the Integrated Criminal Courts Survey, the Adult Corrections Survey, the Youth Custody and Community Services Survey, the Youth Alternative Measures Survey, the Transition Home Survey, the Victim Services Survey and the General Social Survey on Victimization. Finally, the report briefly describes efforts by other countries to improve justice-related information on their indigenous populations.

Description:

A statistical agency faces several challenges in building Productivity Accounts. Measures of productivity require that outputs be compared to inputs.

This paper discusses the challenges that a statistical agency faces in this area -as illustrated by the Canadian experience. First, it examines the progress that has been made in developing a system that integrates the Productivity Accounts into the overall System of National Accounts. It also discusses deficiencies that still need to be overcome. Finally, the paper focuses on the need to consider whether the SNA manual should be extended into the area of productivity measurement. The paper argues that the advantage of integrating productivity accounts into the general accounts is sufficiently great that it is time to include more detail on the nature of productivity accounts in the general SNA framework.

Description:

This paper examines the revision cycle for labour productivity estimates over the period 2000-2003.