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  • Articles and reports: 75F0002M2026002
    Description: To ensure the continued accuracy and quality of income statistics, the Canadian Income Survey (CIS) periodically revises its estimates to incorporate the most recent data from the Census of Population. Given the interconnectedness of the CIS and the Labour Force Survey (LFS), the CIS population-based revisions typically follow shortly after similar revisions are done to the LFS. Accordingly, with the release of the CIS 2024 data, Statistics Canada has revised estimates for 2018 to 2023 using population counts based on the 2021 Census. This paper presents a comparison between revised and unrevised estimates for key income series, and describes other modifications made to CIS variables.
    Release date: 2026-05-20

  • Stats in brief: 11-627-M2026011
    Description: Canada’s Poverty Reduction Strategy introduced the Official Poverty Line for Canada and a dashboard of 12 indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households. This infographic presents trend information for Canada's official poverty rate and the associated 12 indicators.
    Release date: 2026-04-29

  • Articles and reports: 75-006-X202600200002
    Description: This study uses data from the Canadian Social Survey to examine changes in self-reported financial difficulty from summer 2021 to spring 2025. It identifies population groups that are more likely to report experiencing financial difficulty and explores the association between self-reported financial difficulty and age, as well as two well-being indicators: life satisfaction and future outlook.
    Release date: 2026-04-09

  • Stats in brief: 11-627-M2026003
    Description: Infographic displaying poverty rates for French/English bilingual populations by mother tongue and region of residence.
    Release date: 2026-03-12

  • Stats in brief: 11-627-M2026004
    Description: Infographic displaying poverty rates for population groups by mother tongue, province of residence and knowledge of official languages.
    Release date: 2026-03-12

  • Articles and reports: 75F0002M2025008
    Description: This paper announces the release of the provisional Market Basket of Measure (MBM) poverty estimates for 2024. The methodology presented in the paper builds upon the 2023 modelling approach which uses preliminary Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) tax slips to produce the provisional poverty estimates. It also debuts the publication of quality indicators as well as the use of the 2023-base MBM methodology.
    Release date: 2025-12-12

  • Stats in brief: 11-627-M2025053
    Description: Canada’s Poverty Reduction Strategy establishes the Official Poverty Line for Canada along with a dashboard of 12 indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households.
    Release date: 2025-11-07

  • Articles and reports: 91F0015M2025001
    Description: Based on data from the 2021 Census, this article uses age-standardized statistics to provide a sociodemographic portrait of the transgender and non-binary populations in Canada. It examines poverty rates and employment income of transgender men, transgender women and non-binary people, compared with cisgender men. It explores other characteristics such as education, work activity, occupation, housing, living arrangements, disability, Indigenous identity, and racialized/immigrant status.
    Release date: 2025-10-16

  • Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100018
    Description: The Child Poverty Reduction Act (2018) outlines a need for the New Zealand Government to set three- and ten-yearly persistent child poverty reduction targets come end of 2024. In the absence of longitudinal survey data, a survey-administrative data hybrid method that will facilitate the production of these reduction targets and official estimates of persistent child poverty once reporting is required for the 2025/2026 financial year onwards is outlined. This hybrid approach leverages off the cross-sectional Household Economic Survey (HES), administrative-based beneficiary's family data, and recent advances developed for the construction of households within the Administrative Population Census (APC) at Statistics New Zealand. With increasing data collection challenges due to rising non-response and costs, this survey-admin hybrid method represents an alternative to longitudinal survey data collection, ensuring ongoing sustainable and quality statistics to produce persistent child poverty estimates.
    Release date: 2025-09-08

  • Stats in brief: 11-627-M2025019
    Description: Canada’s Poverty Reduction Strategy introduced the Official Poverty Line for Canada and a dashboard of 12 indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households. This infographic presents trend information for Canada's official poverty rate and the associated 12 indicators.
    Release date: 2025-05-01
Data (2)

Data (2) ((2 results))

  • Public use microdata: 75M0012X
    Description:

    The Ontario Material Deprivation Survey (OMDS) was conducted on behalf of the Ontario Government. The OMDS was fielded in March and April 2009 as a supplement to the Labour Force Survey. The aim was to gauge the ability of families to satisfy basic material needs such as food, clothing, housing, as well as social needs of participation and leisure. The survey included questions about ten items deemed to be necessities, due to lack of resources, as well as questions on income. The list of ten items came from a 2008 study by the Daily Bread Food Bank of Toronto. The survey was designed to produce estimates of the incidence of missing two or more items (out of ten) for Ontario and various geographic subgroups. It was also designed to provide contextual data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of Ontario families and individuals.

    Release date: 2010-03-31

  • Table: 93F0029X1996010
    Description:

    Series Description - The Nation Series (1996 Census of Population) is the first released series where basic data at a high level of geography are presented on variables collected by the 1996 Census.There are a total of 143 tables in the Nation Series which cover all census variables.The Complete Edition CDROM, Catalogue number 93F0020XCB96004 contains the cumulative set of all data tables from all Nation Series CDROMs.This comprehensive CDROM provides a full range of statistics on characteristics of the population which includes:Demographic information (100% data only for Age and Sex, Marital Status and Common-law Unions); Families (Number, Type and Structure); Structural Type of Dwelling and Household Size; Immigration and Citizenship; Languages; Aboriginal Origin, Ethnic Origin and Visible Minorities (Population Groups); Labour Market Activities and Household Activities (unpaid work); Place of Work and Mode of Transportation; Education; Mobility and Migration; Family, Dwellings and Household Information; as well as Individual and Family Income. Selected variables, such as occupation, are available to illustrate the analytical potential of the data based on cross-tabulations (i.e. sex by age and occupation).These data are national in coverage and provide information for Canada, provinces and territories and, in some tabulations, census metropolitan area levels. Some tables include comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective.A variety of Nation Series data table extracts presenting social and economic characteristics of the Canadian population are available at the Statistics Canada Census Web site (www.statcan.gc.ca).

    Release date: 1998-05-12
Analysis (120)

Analysis (120) (60 to 70 of 120 results)

  • Stats in brief: 11-627-M2019013
    Description:

    This infographic presents some highlights from the 2017 Canadian Income Survey data.

    Release date: 2019-02-26

  • Articles and reports: 89-654-X2018002
    Description: This profile article is the first main release by Statistics Canada based on findings from the 2017 Canadian Survey on Disability. It is divided into three sections - demographics, employment, and income - and provides a general snapshot on persons with disabilities to inform on emerging government priorities (such as Opportunity for All: Canada's First Poverty Reduction Strategy; Government of Canada, 2018) and community interest in the areas of disability prevalence, labour market participation, and income inequality.
    Release date: 2018-11-28

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2017397
    Description: Rates of low income among immigrants continue to be high relative to the Canadian-born population. This paper examines the rate of chronic low income among immigrants aged 25 or older in Canada during the 2000s. Chronic low income is defined as having a family income under a low income cut-off for five consecutive years or more. A regionally adjusted low-income measure is used for the analysis.
    Release date: 2017-09-29

  • Articles and reports: 75-006-X201700114774
    Description:

    Using data from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS), this study examines the prevalence of food insecurity among Inuit aged 25 and over living in Inuit Nunangat, and the factors associated with food insecurity among Inuit adults. Food insecurity can refer to situations when the amount of food purchased does not last and there is not enough money to buy more food, balanced meals are unaffordable, or household members cut the size of their meals or skip meals because there is not enough money for sufficient food. This study also discusses some of the health outcomes of Inuit adults who live in a food insecure household.

    Release date: 2017-02-01

  • Articles and reports: 75F0002M2015002
    Description:

    In order to provide a holographic or complete picture of low income, Statistics Canada uses three complementary low income lines: the Low Income Cut-offs (LICOs), the Low Income Measures (LIMs) and the Market Basket Measure (MBM). While the first two lines were developed by Statistics Canada, the MBM is based on concepts developed by Employment and Social Development Canada. Though these measures differ from one another, they give a generally consistent picture of low income status over time. None of these measures is the best. Each contributes its own perspective and its own strengths to the study of low income, so that cumulatively, the three provide a better understanding of the phenomenon of low income as a whole. These measures are not measures of poverty, but strictly measures of low income.

    This update presents revised LIMs for 2006 to 2011 resulting from the reweighting of SLID data. This reweighting makes it possible to compare results from CIS to earlier years.

    Release date: 2015-12-17

  • Articles and reports: 75F0002M2015001
    Description:

    In order to provide a holographic or complete picture of low income, Statistics Canada uses three complementary low income lines: the Low Income Cut-offs (LICOs), the Low Income Measures (LIMs) and the Market Basket Measure (MBM). While the first two lines were developed by Statistics Canada, the MBM is based on concepts developed by Employment and Social Development Canada. Though these measures differ from one another, they give a generally consistent picture of low income status over time. None of these measures is the best. Each contributes its own perspective and its own strengths to the study of low income, so that cumulatively, the three provide a better understanding of the phenomenon of low income as a whole. These measures are not measures of poverty, but strictly measures of low income.

    Release date: 2015-07-08

  • Articles and reports: 75F0002M2014002
    Description:

    Statistics that depict the movements in the bottom end of the income distribution, such as the proportion of low-income persons exiting low income from one year to the next, provide important information for developing policy on poverty and income inequality. Since the mid 1990s, these statistics have been generated using data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). The longitudinal component of the SLID was discontinued in 2010. This paper examines new and alternative time series on low income dynamics that can be created using the Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD).

    Release date: 2014-12-19

  • Articles and reports: 75F0002M2014003
    Description:

    In order to provide a holographic or complete picture of low income, Statistics Canada uses three complementary low income lines: the Low Income Cut-offs (LICOs), the Low Income Measures (LIMs) and the Market Basket Measure (MBM). While the first two lines were developed by Statistics Canada, the MBM is based on concepts developed by Employment and Social Development Canada. Though these measures differ from one another, they give a generally consistent picture of low income status over time. None of these measures is the best. Each contributes its own perspective and its own strengths to the study of low income, so that cumulatively, the three provide a better understanding of the phenomenon of low income as a whole. These measures are not measures of poverty, but strictly measures of low income.

    Release date: 2014-12-10

  • Articles and reports: 75F0002M2011003
    Description:

    Existing studies on Canadian poverty (or low-income) dynamics are mainly based on 1990s data from the Longitudinal Administrative Database or the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). These studies typically rely on a single low-income threshold.

    Our work extends the existing studies beyond 1999 by using SLID data from Panel 3 (1999 to 2004) and Panel 4 (2002 to 2007). We consider all three low-income thresholds established by federal departments: Statistics Canada's low-income cut-off (LICO) and low-income measure (LIM), and the market basket measure (MBM) of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada.

    Release date: 2011-10-21

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X201000211378
    Description:

    One key to poverty alleviation or eradication in the third world is reliable information on the poor and their location, so that interventions and assistance can be effectively targeted to the neediest people. Small area estimation is one statistical technique that is used to monitor poverty and to decide on aid allocation in pursuit of the Millennium Development Goals. Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (ELL) (2003) proposed a small area estimation methodology for income-based or expenditure-based poverty measures, which is implemented by the World Bank in its poverty mapping projects via the involvement of the central statistical agencies in many third world countries, including Cambodia, Lao PDR, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, and is incorporated into the World Bank software program PovMap. In this paper, the ELL methodology which consists of first modeling survey data and then applying that model to census information is presented and discussed with strong emphasis on the first phase, i.e., the fitting of regression models and on the estimated standard errors at the second phase. Other regression model fitting procedures such as the General Survey Regression (GSR) (as described in Lohr (1999) Chapter 11) and those used in existing small area estimation techniques: Pseudo-Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (Pseudo-EBLUP) approach (You and Rao 2002) and Iterative Weighted Estimating Equation (IWEE) method (You, Rao and Kovacevic 2003) are presented and compared with the ELL modeling strategy. The most significant difference between the ELL method and the other techniques is in the theoretical underpinning of the ELL model fitting procedure. An example based on the Philippines Family Income and Expenditure Survey is presented to show the differences in both the parameter estimates and their corresponding standard errors, and in the variance components generated from the different methods and the discussion is extended to the effect of these on the estimated accuracy of the final small area estimates themselves. The need for sound estimation of variance components, as well as regression estimates and estimates of their standard errors for small area estimation of poverty is emphasized.

    Release date: 2010-12-21
Reference (3)

Reference (3) ((3 results))

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2002006
    Description:

    This user's guide provides a detailed description of the CD-ROM Income trends in Canada (Catalogue no. 13F0022XCB). It also provides a glossary and a description of the major concepts, as well as an overview of the data source, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID).

    Release date: 2002-11-19

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2000011
    Description:

    This report summarizes the comments received in response to a discussion paper on low income cut-offs released in January 2000.

    Release date: 2000-09-26

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1999009
    Description:

    This paper describes the issues around updating the low income cut-offs as well as Statistics Canada's findings and proposes a course of action.

    Release date: 2000-01-12